EP0485271A2 - Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité - Google Patents

Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0485271A2
EP0485271A2 EP91402953A EP91402953A EP0485271A2 EP 0485271 A2 EP0485271 A2 EP 0485271A2 EP 91402953 A EP91402953 A EP 91402953A EP 91402953 A EP91402953 A EP 91402953A EP 0485271 A2 EP0485271 A2 EP 0485271A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
process cartridge
bearing member
developer
image bearing
toner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91402953A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0485271B1 (fr
EP0485271A3 (en
Inventor
Yoshiya Nomura
Tadayuki Tsuda
Shinichi Sasaki
Isao Ikemoto
Kazushi Watanabe
Hiroyuki Shirai
Toshiyuki Karakama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP3054446A external-priority patent/JP2877540B2/ja
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to EP95202631A priority Critical patent/EP0692745B1/fr
Priority to EP95202635A priority patent/EP0692746B1/fr
Publication of EP0485271A2 publication Critical patent/EP0485271A2/fr
Publication of EP0485271A3 publication Critical patent/EP0485271A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0485271B1 publication Critical patent/EP0485271B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
    • G03G21/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements
    • G03G21/18—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements using a processing cartridge, whereby the process cartridge comprises at least two image processing means in a single unit
    • G03G21/1803—Arrangements or disposition of the complete process cartridge or parts thereof
    • G03G21/181—Manufacturing or assembling, recycling, reuse, transportation, packaging or storage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
    • G03G21/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements
    • G03G21/18—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements using a processing cartridge, whereby the process cartridge comprises at least two image processing means in a single unit
    • G03G21/1803—Arrangements or disposition of the complete process cartridge or parts thereof
    • G03G21/1817—Arrangements or disposition of the complete process cartridge or parts thereof having a submodular arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/00987—Remanufacturing, i.e. reusing or recycling parts of the image forming apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2221/00—Processes not provided for by group G03G2215/00, e.g. cleaning or residual charge elimination
    • G03G2221/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts
    • G03G2221/163—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts for the developer unit
    • G03G2221/1633—Details concerning the developing process
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2221/00—Processes not provided for by group G03G2215/00, e.g. cleaning or residual charge elimination
    • G03G2221/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts
    • G03G2221/1648—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts using seals, e.g. to prevent scattering of toner
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2221/00—Processes not provided for by group G03G2215/00, e.g. cleaning or residual charge elimination
    • G03G2221/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts
    • G03G2221/1651—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts for connecting the different parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2221/00—Processes not provided for by group G03G2215/00, e.g. cleaning or residual charge elimination
    • G03G2221/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts
    • G03G2221/1651—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts for connecting the different parts
    • G03G2221/1654—Locks and means for positioning or alignment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2221/00—Processes not provided for by group G03G2215/00, e.g. cleaning or residual charge elimination
    • G03G2221/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts
    • G03G2221/1669—Details about used materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2221/00—Processes not provided for by group G03G2215/00, e.g. cleaning or residual charge elimination
    • G03G2221/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts
    • G03G2221/18—Cartridge systems
    • G03G2221/183—Process cartridge
    • G03G2221/1853—Process cartridge having a submodular arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2221/00—Processes not provided for by group G03G2215/00, e.g. cleaning or residual charge elimination
    • G03G2221/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts
    • G03G2221/18—Cartridge systems
    • G03G2221/183—Process cartridge
    • G03G2221/1853—Process cartridge having a submodular arrangement
    • G03G2221/1876—Process cartridge having a submodular arrangement for production purposes, e.g. manufacture or mass production

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus to which the process cartridge is detachably mountable.
  • the image forming apparatus may be in the form of an electrophotographic machine, electrostatic recording machine such as a copying machine or laser beam printer.
  • Image forming machines such as copying machine require maintenance and servicing operations after they are operated for a long period of time, including replacement of an image nearing member (photosensitive drum), replacement of the developing device or replenishment of the developer (toner), cleaning of a discharging wire of a charging device, replacement of a cleaning device filled with the residual toner and adjustment or replacement of some elements around the photosensitive drum.
  • maintenance and servicing operations after they are operated for a long period of time, including replacement of an image nearing member (photosensitive drum), replacement of the developing device or replenishment of the developer (toner), cleaning of a discharging wire of a charging device, replacement of a cleaning device filled with the residual toner and adjustment or replacement of some elements around the photosensitive drum.
  • a process cartridge structure in which a process cartridge contains as a unit the photosensitive drum and process means such as a developing device, a charging device, the cleaning device or the like.
  • the process cartridge as a unit is detachably mountable to a main assembly of the image forming apparatus. If the maintenance or servicing operations are necessary in the process means, the entire process cartridge is replaced with a fresh cartridge so that the necessity for the maintenance and servicing operations are eliminated.
  • FIG. 17 there is shown a structure of such a process cartridge. It comprises a photosensitive drum 10, and a cleaning device 13 and a developing device 11 which sandwich the photosensitive drum 10. Substantially above the developing device 11, there is a toner container 110 which is coupled with the developing device 11. Substantially above the photosensitive drum 10, there is a charging device 12. The cleaning device 13 functions to remove the residual toner from the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 10 so as to prepare the photosensitive drum 10 for the next image forming operation.
  • the cleaning device 13 comprises a cleaner container 13a for accommodating removed residual toner, a cleaning blade 131 for scraping the residual toner off the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 10, a toner receiving sheet 132 for receiving the toner scraped by the cleaning blade 131 and for directing it into the cleaner container 13a, and a stirring member (not shown) for conveying the toner received by the cleaner container 13a to the inside thereof.
  • the developing device 11 functions to supply the toner to the electrostatic latent image of the photosensitive drum 10 to visualize it.
  • the developing device 11 comprises a developer container 11a, a developing sleeve 112 for supplying the toner to the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 10, a developing blade 11b in sliding contact to the developing sleeve 112 to triboelectrically charge the toner and to form on the developing sleeve 112 a toner layer having a constant thickness.
  • a wall of the developer container 11a remote from the photosensitive drum 10 is provided with an opening 11c which communicates with an unshown opening of a toner container 110 for containing the toner, so that the developer container 11a and the toner container 110 communicate with each other.
  • the process cartridge When the toner in the toner container 110 is used up, the process cartridge has to be replaced.
  • the service life of the process cartridge has to be changed in accordance with the types of the image forming apparatus with which the process cartridge is used. For example, in the case of a high speed copying machine, for example, the number of produced copies in a month is large, and therefore, the frequency of the process cartridge replacements is high. Therefore, it is desirable that the process cartridge has a larger capacity toner container to increase the service life thereof. On the other hand, in the case of a small capacity copying machine, the number of copies produced in a month is small. In addition, the reduction of the weight and the size of the main assembly of the image forming apparatus is desired. To meet this desire, the size of the process cartridge is reduced with the reduction of the toner capacity. Thus, different process cartridges are to be prepared for different main assemblies of the image forming apparatus.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a process cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 2A, 2B and 2C are sectional views taken along lines a-a, b-b and c-c, respectively, of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of an image forming apparatus to which the process cartridge according to the present invention is detachably mountable.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of a process cartridge according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view of a process cartridge according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6A is a perspective view of an upper body.
  • Figure 6B is a perspective view of a bottom body.
  • Figure 7 illustrates disassembling of the process cartridge.
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view of a process cartridge to which the present invention is applicable.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of the process cartridge when liquid elastomer is injected to a joint in a cartridge frame.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of a cartridge after liquid elastomer is injected to the joint surface of the toner container.
  • Figure 11 is a sectional view after the liquid elastomer is injected.
  • Figure 12 is a sectional view of a process cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a sectional view when the process cartridge is divided into an upper body and a lower body.
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view when liquid elastomer is injected to the joint of the upper body.
  • Figure 15 schematically illustrates an injection system for the liquid elastomer.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view of a liquid elastomer injection system.
  • Figure 17 is a sectional view of a conventional process cartridge.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown an image forming apparatus usable with a process cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Designated by a reference numeral 10 is an image bearing member in the form of a photosensitive drum, for example.
  • image formation process means such as a developing device 11, a charger 12 or a cleaning device 13.
  • the photosensitive drum 10 and such process means are constituted into a unit on process cartridge frames 14a and 14b of plastic material.
  • the process cartridge 14 thus constituted is detachably mountable to the main assembly 1 of the apparatus. Thus, the maintenance or servicing operation is made easier.
  • the structure of the process cartridge casing will be described in detail hereinafter.
  • a transfer charger 15 is below the photosensitive drum 10.
  • a sheet feeding tray 16 At the sheet supply side of the transfer charger 15, there are a sheet feeding tray 16, a pick-up roller 17 and registration rollers 18. On the other hand, at the sheet discharge side thereof, there are a sheet guide 19, an image fixing device 20, sheet discharging rollers 21 and a sheet discharge tray 22.
  • a short focus optical element array 24 for imaging on the photosensitive drum 10 the light which is emitted from an original illumination lamp 23 and is reflected by the original O.
  • an original carriage 25 reciprocable in the directions A.
  • Designated by a reference numeral 26 is an original cover.
  • the photosensitive drum 10 is uniformly charged by a charger and is exposed to the light from the original O through the optical element array 24, so that an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum 10 in accordance with the information of the original.
  • the electrostatic latent image is carried by the rotation of the photosensitive drum 10 to the developing device 11 where the latent image is developed with toner t into a toner image.
  • the transfer sheet P is fed to the registration rollers 18 from the sheet tray 16 through the sheet feeding roller 17.
  • it is fed to between the photosensitive drum 10 and the transfer charger 15 in timed relation with the latent image by the registration roller 18.
  • the toner image is transferred from the photosensitive drum 10 onto the transfer sheet P by the transfer charger 15.
  • the transfer sheet P carrying the transferred toner image is fed to the fixing device 20 where the toner image is fixed into a permanent image. Then, the transfer sheet P is discharged onto the tray 22 by the discharging rollers 21.
  • the photosensitive drum 10, after the completion of the image transfer, is cleaned by the cleaning device 13 for removing the residual toner, so that the photosensitive drum 1 is now prepared for the next image forming operation.
  • Designated by reference numerals 30a and 30b are mounting means in the form of guides for facilitating mounting of the process cartridge 14 to the main assembly of the image forming apparatus.
  • the casing of the process cartridge 14 in this embodiment comprises upper casing A (14a) and a lower casing B (14b).
  • the casings A and B can be joined or disjoined each other.
  • the casings A and B are of molded plastic material having elasticity.
  • a toner container 110 functioning as the developer container is integrally formed.
  • a plug 111 is fused to seal the container.
  • the opening 111a of the toner container 110 which communicates with the developing device 11 is closed by a bonded sealing member 113, as shown in Figure 2C.
  • An end of the sealing member 113 is folded and is projected to the outside of the casing A.
  • a grip 114 is connected to the end. When the operator pulls the grip 114, the sealing member 113 is removed from the opening 111a so as to permit supply of the toner t to the developing sleeve 112.
  • a pawl 27 for coupling the casings A and B.
  • the upper and lower casings A and B can be coupled with a simple structure.
  • Four of such pawls 24 and corresponding openings 28 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the sheet of the drawing. More particularly, the opening 23 is engaged by the pawl 27 at the inclined surface 27a, and an end 28a of the opening 28 is locked by the bottom surface 27b of the pawl 27. Since the pawl 27 has such an elasticity that the engagement with the opening 28 and the disengagement therefrom can be smoothly carried out and that the coupling by the opening 28 is assured.
  • a residual toner container 130 (developer container) 130 is formed.
  • An end of the casing A is folded to form apart 14a1 of the bottom surface of the container 130.
  • the bottom casing B is extended to the position overlapping with the bottom surface 14a1, where they are threaded at the overlapped portion by screws 29. Therefore, the bottom surface of the container 130 is constituted by the parts of the casings A and B.
  • a part of the casing A faced to the upper port of the photosensitive drum 10, is provided with an opening 141 for permitting passage of light for the image exposure.
  • sealing members 26a and 26b made of foamed polyurethane material to prevent leakage of the toner from the container.
  • the casing B covers the bottom part of the process cartridge 14, and from the side surface, walls 102a and 102b are raised and are extended to the bottom surface of the casing A.
  • supporting shafts 103a and 103b for rotatably supporting the photosensitive drum 10 are securedly mounted by screws 106a and 106b below the photosensitive drum 10, the casing B is provided with an opening 101 for permitting transfer of the toner image from the photosensitive drum 10 to the transfer sheet P and for receiving an unshown driving device of the main assembly of the image forming apparatus.
  • a charger case 122 is supported by a fixing pin 125.
  • a pin 128 is integrally formed and is engaged in and supported by a hole 129 formed in the side wall 102b of the casing B.
  • bearings 123a and 123b which support a shaft 130 of the charging roller 121 while urging the charging roller 121 to the photosensitive drum 10.
  • An end of the charger case 122 extends to the outside of the casing B and contains electrode plate 126 for supplying electric power to the charging roller 121.
  • the electrode plates 126 are connectable with power supply contacts (not shown) of the main assembly of the image forming apparatus.
  • the casing B is provided with seats 133a and 133b for mounting the cleaning blade 131 for contacting to the photosensitive drum 10 to scrape the residual toner off the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 10.
  • the cleaning blade 131 is fixedly mounted on the seats 133a and 133b by screws 135. Adjacent a longitudinal end of the opening 101 formed at the lower side of the casing B, a receiving sheet 132 is bonded.
  • the side wall of the casing B is bent toward inside adjacent the toner container 110. The bent portion functions to support through springs 118a and 118b sleeve bearings 117a and 117b for supporting the developing sleeve 112.
  • the developing sleeve 112 has spacers 116a and 116b for maintaining a constant clearance between the surface of the developing sleeve 112 and the photosensitive drum 10.
  • the spacers 116a and 116b are urged to the photosensitive drum by the springs 118a and 118b.
  • a gear 119 is mounted which meshes with a drum gear 104 mounted to the drum 10. With the rotation of the photosensitive drum 10, the gear 119, and therefore, the developing sleeve 112 is rotated in the direction indicated by an arrow in Figure 1.
  • a cylindrical magnet roller 115 is disposed. It is provided with plural magnetic poles. The end pins thereof are supported by the casing B.
  • a blade 120 is mounted on an unshown seat projected from the side walls 102a and 102b of the casing B.
  • the lower casing B contains the photosensitive drum 10, the cleaning blade 131, the receiving sheet 132, the charger 12, the developing sleeve 112 and the blade 120 for the developing sleeve 112. Therefore, the positional accuracies of various elements relative to the photosensitive drum 10 are assured by the accuracy of the casing B, and therefore, the correct positioning are made easier.
  • the process cartridge 14 of this embodiment can be disassembled into the upper casing A and the lower casing B.
  • the process cartridges 14 from which the toner has been used up, are collected.
  • the collected cartridge 14 is disassembled into the casings A and B.
  • the casing A is cleaned, and a fresh sealing member 113 is bonded.
  • An unshown toner cap is removed from a filling opening, and the toner is supplied through the opening. Thereafter, the opening is plugged by the toner cap, again.
  • worn parts and creeped rubber elements or the like which are not reusable, are replaced with new ones. Then, the casings are joined together.
  • the process cartridge 14 is now distributed from the factory.
  • Casing B containing the process means may be joined with another casing 14c which has the shape as shown in Figure 1 and which has a larger toner capacity and a larger residual toner capacity than those of the casing B. Then, another process cartridge having a longer service life and usable with a different type main assembly, can be easily manufactured.
  • Figure 4 shows a process cartridge according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a pipe 138 is provided for permitting discharge of the residual toner from the process cartridge 14.
  • the pipe is connected to an unshown residual toner bottle (not shown) in the main assembly of the image forming apparatus.
  • the residual toner container 113 is provided therein with a helical residual toner conveyer 139 for supplying the residual toner to the discharge pipe 138.
  • An end of the residual toner conveyer 139 is coupled with a driving gear (not shown).
  • the driving gear is meshed with the drum gear 104.
  • the upper casing A is provided only with the toner container 110.
  • the residual toner container is not necessary.
  • the residual toner capacity is dependent on the toner capacity.
  • the residual toner container is formed by the coupling between the casing A and the casing B.
  • a phantom line 14c illustrates a configuration of another example of the casing A.
  • the toner container 110 is disposed at a lower side.
  • the toner container 110 is provided therein with toner conveyer means (not shown).
  • the casing B is extended and is engaged with coupling pawl 27 formed on the ends of the toner container 110 of the casing A.
  • the process cartridge has the developing means.
  • the present invention is applicable to the process cartridge not having the developing means.
  • the present invention is applied to the residual toner container for the cleaning means.
  • Figure 5 is a side sectional view of a process cartridge according to this embodiment
  • Figure 6A is a perspective view of an upper casing
  • Figure 6B is a perspective view of a lower casing.
  • the upper and lower casings A and B are joined not only by the engagement between pawls and openings but also screws. In the present embodiment, however, the casings A and B can be joined only by engagement between pawls and openings.
  • the same reference numerals as in the foregoing embodiments are assigned to the elements having the corresponding functions, and the detailed description thereof are omitted for simplicity.
  • the casing A and the casing B are securedly joined by engagement between pawls 27b and the openings 29 in place of the screws 29 in the above-described embodiment.
  • four pawl 27b are formed on the bottom outside surface 14a1 of the residual toner container 130 formed at the left side of the casing A.
  • the casing B is provided with four openings 29 in the wall overlapped with the bottom surface 14a1 of the casing A.
  • the pawls 27b of the casing A and the openings 29 of the casing B are engaged with each other at the residual toner container 130 side, so that the casings A and B are joined together.
  • Designated by a reference 27c is in inclined surface of the pawl 27b, and 29 is an engaging end of the opening 29.
  • the pawls 27 at the toner container 110 side and the pawls 27b at the residual toner container 130 side are inclined outwardly, in other words, they are inclined away from each other.
  • the elasticity of the casings A and B of plastic material, more particularly, the elasticity of the pawls 27 and 20b cooperates to enhance the fastening engagement when they are engaged with the associated openings 28 and 29.
  • the process cartridge can be easily disjoined.
  • the upper and lower casings A and B are joined by the pawls 27 and 27b.
  • the process cartridge 14 is put on a disjoining device 200. Then, rods 201 and 202 are pushed to push the pawls 27 and 27b.
  • the upper casing A can be easily disjoined from the lower casing B.
  • the casings A and B can be disjoined from each other by properly pushing the pawls 27 and 27b. However, in this case, it is preferable to push the plural pawls simultaneously, and therefore, it is easier if the device 200 is used.
  • a further embodiment of the process cartridge will be described.
  • additional sealing members are employed to further prevent the leakage of the developer to the outside of the cartridge.
  • FIG 8 is a sectional view of the process cartridge according to this embodiment.
  • the process cartridge 201 contains an image bearing member in the form of a photosensitive drum 202 and process means disposed therearound.
  • the process means include a cleaning device 203, a developing device 204 and a charger 205 supported on a cartridge frame 201a. They constitute a unit which is detachably mountable to a main assembly of the image forming apparatus, as a unit.
  • the charger 205 is in the form of a well-known corona charger, but it may be replaced with a contact type charger as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,851,960.
  • the cleaning device 203 comprises a cleaning blade 230 for removing the residual toner (residual developer) from the surface of the photosensitive drum 202, a toner receiving sheet 231 for preventing leakage of the residual toner to an outside, and a residual toner container 232 for containing the residual toner.
  • the residual toner container 232 is constituted by connecting through sealing members 213 the cleaning container 203a, the blade holder 230a and the cartridge frame 201a.
  • the sealing members 213 are effective to prevent leakage of the toner through the joint portions.
  • the developing device 204 comprises a developing sleeve 240 rotatable in a constant direction and effective to supply the toner (developer) from its outer periphery to the photosensitive drum 202, a regulating blade 241 for regulating a thickness of a layer of the developer on the developing sleeve 240, and a toner container 242 for containing the toner and for supplying the developer to the developing sleeve 240.
  • the toner container 242 is constituted by the toner container 212 and the developer container 204 which are coupled by screws or the like with a sealing member 214 therebetween so that they can be disjoined and cleaned.
  • the sealing member 214 is effective to prevent leakage of the toner through the joint portion.
  • the photosensitive drum 202 is uniformly charged by a charger 205 and is exposed to image light, so that an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum 202.
  • the electrostatic latent image reaches the developing device 204, where the latent image is supplied with the toner from the developing sleeve 240 of the developing device 204 so as to be developed into a toner image.
  • the toner image is transferred onto the transfer sheet through an unshown transfer charger or the like.
  • the photosensitive drum 202 is cleaned by the cleaning blade 230 so that the residual toner is removed from the photosensitive drum 202.
  • the photosensitive drum 202 is prepared for the next image forming operation.
  • the residual toner removed by the cleaning blade 230 is collected into the residual toner container 232 of the cleaning device 203 by way of the receiving sheet 231 contacted to the photosensitive drum 202.
  • the sealing members of this embodiment are provided by injecting from a nozzle 215 two-liquid urethane rubber material R to a coupling surface 201b ( Figure 9) of the cartridge frame 201a and to a coupling surface 212a ( Figure 10) of the toner container 212.
  • the material R is a foaming material, and therefore, it is foamed and solidified into elastomer on the coupling surfaces 201b and 212a approximately 20 sec. - 10 min. after the injection.
  • the material R extends from point (a) along arrows 216 and 217 and returns to the point (a), thus constituting a closed loop.
  • the injection starts at point (b) and proceeds along the direction of arrows 218 and 219 and returns to the original point (b).
  • the coupling surfaces 201b and 212a are provided beforehand with grooves 211 as shown in Figure 11. Therefore, the material R ultimately becoming the sealing member flows into the groove and then is solidified into an elastic elastomer. Therefore, the sealing member is not easily removed or easily deviated.
  • the cartridge frame 201a and the toner container 212 are coupled with the cleaning container 203a and the developing container 204a, respectively, by which the toner leakage through the connecting portions can be properly prevented.
  • the height h ( Figure 11) of the elastomer members 213 and 214, after solidification, is larger than the clearance C ( Figure 8) after the containers are coupled, and therefore, the sealing members are pressed down to the height which is equal to the clearance C, thus filling the clearance.
  • the material R injection or dispensing from the injection nozzle, the injection speed, the injection rate can be completely automatically controlled, so that the sealing members can be formed along the connecting surface with certainty. Therefore, the system conveniently meets the complicated shape as shown in Figure 9.
  • the foaming polyurethane rubber is used as the sealing member material R.
  • the material is not limited to this, and another material such as soft rubber or plastic material such as silicone rubber or another elastomer (elastic high polymer material) may be used with the same advantageous effects.
  • the sealing members are provided by solidifying liquid elastomer such as foaming polyurethane rubber or the like to seal the coupling portion of plural members such as the developing device 204 in the process cartridge, the toner container of the cleaning device 203 and the residual toner container. Therefore, the toner seal can be easily accomplished in the coupling portions of the containers having complicated structure. In addition, the closed loop can be easily formed, and therefore, the toner leakage through a sealing member connecting portion can be prevented.
  • solidifying liquid elastomer such as foaming polyurethane rubber or the like to seal the coupling portion of plural members such as the developing device 204 in the process cartridge, the toner container of the cleaning device 203 and the residual toner container. Therefore, the toner seal can be easily accomplished in the coupling portions of the containers having complicated structure.
  • the closed loop can be easily formed, and therefore, the toner leakage through a sealing member connecting portion can be prevented.
  • FIG. 12 there is shown a process cartridge according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • the process cartridge is constituted by an upper frame A and a lower frame B in this Figure, the same reference numerals as in Figure 8 are added to the elements having the corresponding functions.
  • the process cartridge of Figure 12 has the upper and lower frames A and B which are coupled by pawls 250 and screws 251.
  • the pawls 250 of the upper frame A are elastically engaged with associated openings 251 formed in the lower frame B, by which the upper frame A and the lower frame B are coupled.
  • the upper and lower frames A and B sandwich sealing members 213b and 214b.
  • the toner container 242 is constituted by coupling the upper and lower frames A and B and by coupling the upper frame A and a blade holder 241a for supporting a regulating blade 241.
  • the coupling portions are provided with a sealing member 214a to prevent leakage of the toner.
  • the residual toner container 232 of the cleaning device 203 is constituted by coupling the upper and lower frames A and B and by coupling the upper frame A and a cleaning holder 230a for supporting a cleaning blade 230.
  • the coupling portion is provided with a sealing member 213a to prevent the toner leakage.
  • Figure 14 shows the view in the direction I in Figure 13.
  • the two-liquid urethane rubber material R is dispensed from the nozzle 215 to the coupling surfaces between the upper and lower frame portions of the toner container and the residual toner container. Since the material is of foaming nature, it foams and becomes elastomer on the coupling surfaces 201b and 212a in approximately 30 sec. - 10 min. after injection or dispense.
  • the injection path starts at (a) and extends in the directions of arrows 216 and 217 to return the position (a), so that a closed loop is formed.
  • the surfaces receiving the material R are formed into grooves beforehand, and therefore, the material R easily flows into the grooves, and then solidified into an elastomer. Therefore, the sealing member is not easily removed or deviated. In this manner, with the solidified sealing members 213 and 214 on the upper frame A, it is coupled with the lower frame B, so that the sealing members 213 and 214 function to prevent leakage of the toner from the toner container and from the residual toner container.
  • the height h ( Figure 11) of the sealing members 213 and 214, after solidification, is higher than the clearances C1, C2, C3 and C4 ( Figure 12) after the frames are coupled, and therefore, the elastomer is pressed to the heights equal to the clearances C1 - C4, thus filling the clearances.
  • the injecting path, speed and rate can be completely automatically controlled, so that the sealing member can be provided along the coupling surfaces with certainty.
  • the injecting portions are concentrated on one of the frames, and therefore, the injecting or dispensing operation can be completed after only one positioning of the frames. This is advantageous in that the number of manufacturing steps can be significantly reduced.
  • the material R may be soft rubber of soft plastic or the like.
  • liquid elastomer is dispensed to the coupling surface.
  • the description will be made as to the system for mixing the two-liquid-active material (liquid elastomer) and ejecting it through a nozzle 215.
  • liquid A and liquid B are contained in containers A60 and B61. They are metered by precise metering pumps 262 and 263 to a mixing and stirring station 264 so that the mixture ratio thereof are proper for the two-liquid reaction.
  • the liquid A and liquid B are uniformly mixed by the motor. It requires at least 30 sec approximately for the mixed liquid to solidify into an elastic elastomer, and therefore, the mixed liquid is ejected through a nozzle 215 of the ejector 265 in the middle of the reaction.
  • the mixing and stirring station 264, the ejector 265 and an injection head including a nozzle 215 are moved along X-, Y-, and Z-axes to meet the configuration of the containers or the like, while the liquid elastomer is being ejected.
  • the metering by the metering pumps 262 and 263, the mixing and stirring speeds, movement of the ejecting head along the three axes, the ejecting speed or the like, are properly controlled in accordance with program set in a controller of an unshown industrial robot. Therefore, the injecting operation is carried out automatically.
  • the materials used are as follows.
  • a liquid elastomer mainly comprising polyurethane material is heated by a heater to 70 °C - 100 °C in a container 266. It is supplied by a pump to a foam mixing machine 268. In the foam mixing machine 268, the liquid supplied from the container 266 is mixed with N2 gas so as to be foamed. Before the liquid elastomer is solidified, it is ejected to the member such as the toner container or the like through the nozzle 215 of the ejection 270.
  • an unshown industrial robot is used, so that the controller thereof properly controls the mixture of the N2 gas, the supply of the material, the movement in the three axes directions of the injecting head and the injection speed or the like. Therefore, the injecting or dispensing operations are automatical.
  • the elastomer in this embodiment preferably has an elongation of 100 - 200 %, a hardness (Asker C) hardness of 4 - 15, compression-restoration of not less than 90 %.
  • the sealing member is constituted by solidifying the dispensed liquid elastomers for the plural connecting portions of the process cartridge developer container, and therefore, the leakage of the developer can be prevented more positively than conventional, and in addition, the present invention is advantageous in that the sealing can meet complicated connecting portions.
  • the process cartridge described in the foregoing may contain an image bearing member and at least one of process means actable directly or indirectly on the image bearing member. More particularly, the process cartridge may contain as a unit an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging means, developing means and/or cleaning means.
  • the cartridge thus constituted is detachably mountable to an image forming apparatus such as copying machine or laser beam printer.
  • the process cartridge is divisible into frames, one of which contains an image bearing member and process means actable thereon, and the other of which contains a toner container having toner particles and/or residual toner container. They are assembled by putting them together, and thereafter, they may be disassembled.
  • the present invention provides the following advantageous effects:
  • the process cartridge having the nature of easy assembling and an image forming apparatus usable therewith, can be provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Configuration And Component (AREA)
  • Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
EP91402953A 1990-11-06 1991-11-05 Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité Expired - Lifetime EP0485271B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95202631A EP0692745B1 (fr) 1990-11-06 1991-11-05 Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité
EP95202635A EP0692746B1 (fr) 1990-11-06 1991-11-05 Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP301779/90 1990-11-06
JP30177990 1990-11-06
JP54446/91 1991-03-19
JP3054446A JP2877540B2 (ja) 1991-03-19 1991-03-19 画像形成装置に着脱自在なプロセスカートリッジ

Related Child Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95202635A Division EP0692746B1 (fr) 1990-11-06 1991-11-05 Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité
EP95202631.8 Division-Into 1991-11-05
EP95202635.9 Division-Into 1991-11-05
EP95202631A Division EP0692745B1 (fr) 1990-11-06 1991-11-05 Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité

Publications (3)

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EP0485271A2 true EP0485271A2 (fr) 1992-05-13
EP0485271A3 EP0485271A3 (en) 1992-09-09
EP0485271B1 EP0485271B1 (fr) 1997-07-23

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EP95202631A Expired - Lifetime EP0692745B1 (fr) 1990-11-06 1991-11-05 Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité
EP95202635A Expired - Lifetime EP0692746B1 (fr) 1990-11-06 1991-11-05 Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité
EP91402953A Expired - Lifetime EP0485271B1 (fr) 1990-11-06 1991-11-05 Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité

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EP95202631A Expired - Lifetime EP0692745B1 (fr) 1990-11-06 1991-11-05 Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité
EP95202635A Expired - Lifetime EP0692746B1 (fr) 1990-11-06 1991-11-05 Unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images utilisant une telle unité

Country Status (6)

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EP (3) EP0692745B1 (fr)
KR (2) KR970001198B1 (fr)
CN (4) CN1040045C (fr)
DE (3) DE69126947T2 (fr)
HK (2) HK1011754A1 (fr)
SG (1) SG79187A1 (fr)

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EP0576758A2 (fr) * 1992-06-30 1994-01-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Système de formation d'images avec cartouche de traitement à installation facile
EP0584417A1 (fr) * 1992-06-30 1994-03-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Unité de traitement, appareil de formation d'image comprenant une telle unité et procédé d'assemblage du dispositif de nettoyage
EP0586044A2 (fr) * 1992-09-04 1994-03-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Unité de traitement, procédé d'assemblage de cette unité et appareil de formation d'images
EP0586041A2 (fr) * 1992-09-04 1994-03-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Unité de traitement, procédé d'assemblage de cette unité et appareil de formation d'images
EP0632342A2 (fr) * 1993-06-30 1995-01-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Méthode de reconditionnement d'unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images l'utilisant
EP0634707A2 (fr) * 1993-07-14 1995-01-18 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Elément de scellage, méthode de reconditionnement d'unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images
EP0683439A3 (fr) * 1994-05-19 1996-06-05 Canon Kk Fabrication d'une unité de traitement et unité de traitement.
US5623328A (en) * 1990-04-27 1997-04-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge and image forming system on which process cartridge is mountable
US5652647A (en) * 1992-09-04 1997-07-29 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge, method for assembling process cartridge and image forming apparatus
CN1037128C (zh) * 1992-09-04 1998-01-21 佳能株式会社 静电复印处理暗盒及装配该处理暗盒的成像设备
US5828928A (en) * 1990-04-27 1998-10-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge mountable in an image forming system and a method for assembling a cleaning device
EP0917022A2 (fr) * 1997-11-14 1999-05-19 Xerox Corporation Unité de traitement
EP1096338A1 (fr) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Refabrication d'une unité de traitement
US6273300B2 (en) 1996-06-19 2001-08-14 Valois S.A. Device for fastening of a distribution component on a container, and product distribution device with such a fastening device
US6983113B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2006-01-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Recycling method using a modified part and image forming apparatus manufactured using the recycling method
CN101633226A (zh) * 2008-07-23 2010-01-27 三星电子株式会社 用于成像设备的单片密封构件及其制造方法

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US5826132A (en) * 1997-11-14 1998-10-20 Xerox Corporation Variable size, replaceable toner sump pans for print cartridges
JP2000250310A (ja) * 1999-02-26 2000-09-14 Brother Ind Ltd 画像形成装置、感光体カートリッジ及び現像カートリッジ
EP1288739A3 (fr) 2001-08-24 2006-04-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Méthode de recyclage et appareil de formation d'images utilisant cette méthode
WO2003069414A1 (fr) * 2002-02-05 2003-08-21 Print-Rite . Unicorn Image Products Co., Ltd. Of Zhuhai Cartouche de revelateur
EP1637933B1 (fr) * 2004-08-06 2010-07-28 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Connexions électriques ou mécaniques aux cartouches d'élément photosensible, à l'unité de développement, à l'unité de traitement
JP5110866B2 (ja) * 2006-12-13 2012-12-26 株式会社リコー プロセスカートリッジと画像形成装置
JP4821884B2 (ja) * 2009-05-29 2011-11-24 ブラザー工業株式会社 画像形成装置の構成ユニットおよび現像ユニット
CN101893838B (zh) * 2010-05-05 2012-06-06 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 处理盒
CN101916063B (zh) * 2010-07-22 2013-03-20 珠海赛纳打印科技股份有限公司 一种感光元件盒
JP7009133B2 (ja) * 2017-09-21 2022-01-25 キヤノン株式会社 現像剤補給容器

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US5828928A (en) * 1990-04-27 1998-10-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge mountable in an image forming system and a method for assembling a cleaning device
US5623328A (en) * 1990-04-27 1997-04-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge and image forming system on which process cartridge is mountable
EP0576758A2 (fr) * 1992-06-30 1994-01-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Système de formation d'images avec cartouche de traitement à installation facile
EP0584417A1 (fr) * 1992-06-30 1994-03-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Unité de traitement, appareil de formation d'image comprenant une telle unité et procédé d'assemblage du dispositif de nettoyage
US5669042A (en) * 1992-06-30 1997-09-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming system having means to support at least one component of a process cartridge
EP0576758A3 (fr) * 1992-06-30 1994-03-09 Canon Kk
US5619309A (en) * 1992-09-04 1997-04-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge, method for assembling process cartridge and image forming apparatus
US5617579A (en) * 1992-09-04 1997-04-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge, method for assembling process cartridge and image forming apparatus
EP0586044A3 (en) * 1992-09-04 1995-08-16 Canon Kk Process cartridge, method for assembling process cartridge and image forming apparatus
EP0586044A2 (fr) * 1992-09-04 1994-03-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Unité de traitement, procédé d'assemblage de cette unité et appareil de formation d'images
US5500714A (en) * 1992-09-04 1996-03-19 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge, method for assembling process cartridge and image forming appararatus
US6308028B1 (en) 1992-09-04 2001-10-23 Canon Kk Process cartridge having a particular electrical contact arrangement and image forming apparatus using such a process cartridge
CN1037128C (zh) * 1992-09-04 1998-01-21 佳能株式会社 静电复印处理暗盒及装配该处理暗盒的成像设备
US5543898A (en) * 1992-09-04 1996-08-06 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge, method for assembling process cartridge and image forming apparatus
US5689774A (en) * 1992-09-04 1997-11-18 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge and image forming apparatus using such a process cartridge
EP0586041A2 (fr) * 1992-09-04 1994-03-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Unité de traitement, procédé d'assemblage de cette unité et appareil de formation d'images
US5652647A (en) * 1992-09-04 1997-07-29 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge, method for assembling process cartridge and image forming apparatus
EP0586041A3 (en) * 1992-09-04 1994-09-21 Canon Kk Process cartridge, method for assembling process cartridge and image forming apparatus
EP0632342A2 (fr) * 1993-06-30 1995-01-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Méthode de reconditionnement d'unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images l'utilisant
EP0632342A3 (fr) * 1993-06-30 1995-12-13 Canon Kk Méthode de reconditionnement d'unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images l'utilisant.
US6118958A (en) * 1993-07-14 2000-09-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Sealing member, sealing member mounting method, developing apparatus, process cartridge, process cartridge remanufacturing method and image forming apparatus
EP0634707A2 (fr) * 1993-07-14 1995-01-18 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Elément de scellage, méthode de reconditionnement d'unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images
EP0634707A3 (fr) * 1993-07-14 1996-07-31 Canon Kk Elément de scellage, méthode de reconditionnement d'unité de traitement et appareil de formation d'images.
AU675615B2 (en) * 1994-05-19 1997-02-06 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge remanufacturing method and process cartridge
US5870654A (en) * 1994-05-19 1999-02-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge remanufacturing method and process cartridge
EP0683439A3 (fr) * 1994-05-19 1996-06-05 Canon Kk Fabrication d'une unité de traitement et unité de traitement.
US6273300B2 (en) 1996-06-19 2001-08-14 Valois S.A. Device for fastening of a distribution component on a container, and product distribution device with such a fastening device
EP0917022A2 (fr) * 1997-11-14 1999-05-19 Xerox Corporation Unité de traitement
EP0917022A3 (fr) * 1997-11-14 2000-05-17 Xerox Corporation Unité de traitement
EP1096338A1 (fr) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Refabrication d'une unité de traitement
US6473577B1 (en) 1999-10-29 2002-10-29 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process cartridge remanufacturing method
US6983113B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2006-01-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Recycling method using a modified part and image forming apparatus manufactured using the recycling method
CN101633226A (zh) * 2008-07-23 2010-01-27 三星电子株式会社 用于成像设备的单片密封构件及其制造方法
EP2156936A1 (fr) * 2008-07-23 2010-02-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Élément d'étanchéité monolithique pour appareil de formation d'images et son procédé de fabrication
US8254804B2 (en) 2008-07-23 2012-08-28 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Monolithic sealing member for image forming apparatus and method of manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69132193D1 (de) 2000-06-15
DE69132193T2 (de) 2000-09-28
HK1011755A1 (en) 1999-07-16
CN1062795A (zh) 1992-07-15
EP0692745A3 (fr) 1996-11-20
EP0692746B1 (fr) 2000-09-06
CN1099879A (zh) 1995-03-08
CN1114432A (zh) 1996-01-03
CN1125855A (zh) 1996-07-03
DE69132410T2 (de) 2001-02-15
DE69132410D1 (de) 2000-10-12
KR920010370A (ko) 1992-06-26
KR970001198B1 (ko) 1997-01-29
KR970001199B1 (en) 1997-01-29
EP0692745B1 (fr) 2000-05-10
DE69126947D1 (de) 1997-08-28
EP0485271B1 (fr) 1997-07-23
EP0692746A2 (fr) 1996-01-17
CN1060271C (zh) 2001-01-03
CN1066546C (zh) 2001-05-30
CN1040045C (zh) 1998-09-30
EP0692745A2 (fr) 1996-01-17
HK1011754A1 (en) 1999-07-16
EP0485271A3 (en) 1992-09-09
DE69126947T2 (de) 1997-11-20
CN1066271C (zh) 2001-05-23
SG79187A1 (en) 2001-03-20
EP0692746A3 (fr) 1996-11-20

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