EP0484703A2 - Fusible électrique - Google Patents

Fusible électrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0484703A2
EP0484703A2 EP91117605A EP91117605A EP0484703A2 EP 0484703 A2 EP0484703 A2 EP 0484703A2 EP 91117605 A EP91117605 A EP 91117605A EP 91117605 A EP91117605 A EP 91117605A EP 0484703 A2 EP0484703 A2 EP 0484703A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuse
housing
cap
base
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91117605A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0484703B1 (fr
EP0484703A3 (en
Inventor
Norbert Asdollahi
Jörg Deckert
Christine Degener
Claus Friedrich
Bernd Dr. Fröchte
Heinrich Pferdekämper
Detlef Plegge
Karl Dr. Poerschke
Klaus Stärk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wickmann Werke GmbH
Original Assignee
Wickmann Werke GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wickmann Werke GmbH filed Critical Wickmann Werke GmbH
Publication of EP0484703A2 publication Critical patent/EP0484703A2/fr
Publication of EP0484703A3 publication Critical patent/EP0484703A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0484703B1 publication Critical patent/EP0484703B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/041—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges characterised by the type
    • H01H85/0411—Miniature fuses
    • H01H85/0415—Miniature fuses cartridge type
    • H01H85/0417—Miniature fuses cartridge type with parallel side contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/43—Means for exhausting or absorbing gases liberated by fusing arc, or for ventilating excess pressure generated by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/47—Means for cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical fuse with a fusible conductor arranged in a housing which melts when the fuse is switched off, the temperature and pressure in the interior of the housing rising suddenly.
  • the housing is explosively destroyed. If the housing consists, for example, of a base and a cap which overlaps the base and is fastened to the base, the cap is blown off the base when the internal pressure of the housing rises above a certain limit.
  • the switching capacity of a fuse depends largely on the internal pressure of the housing, which results when a corresponding cut-off current is reached and which can be absorbed by the housing without risk of destruction.
  • this object is achieved in that the housing is provided with an overpressure safety device through which at least part of the gas volume can be discharged to the outside.
  • the invention consequently treads a new path in that destruction of the housing, when high peak values of the internal pressure occur when the fuse is switched off, is avoided by discharging at least a part of the gas volume from the fuse chamber to the outside, by means of an excess pressure fuse.
  • the safety chamber is suddenly closed by the overpressure safety device, so that the gas pressure drops drastically immediately and part of the gas volume is released to the outside. This measure is to be preferred to uncontrolled destruction of the fuse in the event of very high shutdown currents.
  • At least one opening in the housing of the fuse is provided as overpressure protection in such a way that a sufficient proportion of gas volume can escape through the opening when the fuse is switched off.
  • the opening is created in the housing where the escape of a gas volume fraction can be accepted.
  • the fuse housing has one or more openings right from the start, which ensure sufficient internal pressure limitation of the fuse even when the shutdown current is high.
  • the fuse has a pressure-tightly sealed housing chamber, but in a suitable one A predetermined breaking point is ensured that, in the event of the occurrence of harmful pressure peak values, openings in the housing form immediately at a predetermined point, through which openings a sufficient proportion of the gas volume can escape to relieve the pressure in the securing chamber.
  • the opening has a baffle element, e.g. a baffle plate, opposite, such that the outflowing gases are deflected and also cooled.
  • the deflection should initially keep the gases in the area of the safety when they exit.
  • the openings are preferably closed on the inside by an element, e.g. through an insert made of ceramic paper or foil, which acts as a filter, coolant and valve or flow resistance when the gas escapes. This also prevents metal vapors, which can form when the fuse element melts, from escaping unhindered into the surroundings of the fuse.
  • an element e.g. through an insert made of ceramic paper or foil, which acts as a filter, coolant and valve or flow resistance when the gas escapes. This also prevents metal vapors, which can form when the fuse element melts, from escaping unhindered into the surroundings of the fuse.
  • the invention provides that the openings in the housing wall are defined as recesses whose thin-walled closure can be opened by the gas pressure when the fuse is switched off.
  • Another design of the fuse according to the invention is that the openings, which form an overpressure protection at high pressure loads, when the fuse is switched off by housing expansions, in particular between ribs and locking grooves connected by locking elements Housing parts are formed with different expansion behavior.
  • the different expansion behavior is based on the design and can be found, for example, where a fuse such as a miniature fuse consists of a base which is overlapped by a cap which is attached to the base. There, the wall of the cap is subject to a much higher expansion than the comparatively massive base when high pressures occur.
  • the housing of the fuse has a relief chamber on the side of the openings.
  • the openings from the main chamber to the relief chamber should be closed by a corresponding element, namely, for example, by an insert made of ceramic paper or foil, the effect of which has already been mentioned above.
  • part of the gas volume can pass through the openings into the relief chamber, as a result of which cooling of the gas volume that is transferred and thus a corresponding pressure relief is brought about.
  • the invention has particular relevance for miniature fuses in which the gas volume enclosed in the chamber of the fuse housing is particularly small and is therefore suddenly heated up by the heat released when the fusible element melts and is therefore subjected to a corresponding pressure increase. Therefore, an advantageous development or use of the invention is characterized in that the housing consists in a known manner of a base and a cap which form a chamber in which the pins carrying the fuse element are arranged, and that the existing or in the event of an overload forming openings are arranged in the cap of the fuse.
  • the relatively thin-walled cap is suitable for production Such openings, and the space in the vicinity of the fuse, in which gas volume fractions can flow, is usually above the fuse or to the side thereof.
  • Another development of the invention consists in a rectangular shape of the housing from the base and the cap which overlaps the base and as fastening elements e.g. Has locking elements.
  • This type of miniature fuse is of particular interest because the smaller end faces are less bulging than the larger side faces in the event of a rapid increase in pressure inside the chamber.
  • the different curvature of the front and side surfaces between these side surfaces and the corresponding counter surfaces of the base can form an opening gap through which a gas volume fraction can escape can.
  • only the end faces of the cap and the corresponding end counter surfaces of the base are connected to one another in particular by a snap fastening. This facilitates the formation of an opening gap on the long sides of the rectangle.
  • the cooling of the escaping gas portion can be reinforced on the gap walls by inserting cooling elements.
  • the cap which is round or angular in cross-section, to have an opening on its side opposite the base, which opening can be closed with a cover which is to be fastened in particular with locking elements as overpressure protection.
  • relief openings are formed in the event of overpressure on the top of the fuse, namely between the latching elements, by means of which the cap and its cover are fastened.
  • a housing of a miniature fuse consists of two plastic parts, namely a base 2 and a cap 3, which forms a chamber 7 with the base 2 and is fastened to the base 2 in the position shown, for example by gluing and / or a snap connection.
  • the base 2 is penetrated in a known manner by two spaced-apart metal connecting pins 4, as shown in the drawing, and at the upper ends 5 of the connecting pins 4 there is a fusible conductor 6 in the chamber 7 in a suitable manner (for example by soldering or welding) ) attached.
  • openings 8 there are a plurality of openings 8 at the top of the cap 3, which are closed on the inside by an insert 9 made of ceramic paper or a thin film.
  • the openings 8 serve to relieve the pressure on the housing when pressure peaks occur, which can result when the fuse is switched off, namely when the melting element 6 melts.
  • a portion of the gas volume of the chamber 7 can escape to the outside through the insert 9 and the openings 8.
  • the insert 9 acts as a coolant and filter or valve, which is connected upstream of the openings 8 and which absorbs energy in connection with a filter and cooling function.
  • the cap 3 in deviation from the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1 has a relief chamber 10 on its upper side.
  • a part of the gas volume can pass from the chamber 7 through the insert 9 and the openings 8 into the relief chamber 10.
  • the relief effect is, depending on the peak pressure value achieved, less than in the case of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, because the volume and thus the absorption capacity of the relief chamber 10 can only be relatively small.
  • the cooling effect and the energy absorption, on the other hand, are of the same order of magnitude.
  • the main advantage of this embodiment is that the gas-tight seal of the housing 1 from the environment is maintained even in the event of peak loads, so that no gases flow to the outside.
  • the miniature fuse shown in Figure 3 has the same basic structure as the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the main difference of this embodiment is that a central opening 8 is provided on the top of the cap 3 of the miniature fuse, which a baffle element 11 in Distance is opposite.
  • outflowing gases are, as the arrows in the drawing show, between the surface 12 of the cap 3 and the impact element 11, here a baffle plate, deflected and discharged laterally, a cooling effect occurring.
  • the baffle element 11 can be fastened in any way at a distance above the surface 12 of the cap 3, for example by support elements 13 formed in one piece with the baffle element 11, which are glued to the surface 12 of the cap 3 and form a sufficient passage of the escaping gases.
  • a ring with corresponding recesses or openings directed to the side can also be used as the support element.
  • the exemplary embodiment of a miniature fuse shown in FIG. 4 does not have any openings in the housing 1, but instead openings 8 ′, as indicated in FIG. 4, only form as relief openings when internal pressure peak values are reached that do Risk of detonating housing 1.
  • recesses 14 are provided at a certain point, namely in the present case on the upper side of the cap 3 in the housing wall thereof, which correspondingly form thin-walled predetermined breaking points and can be opened to form the openings 8 'when certain internal pressure values are exceeded.
  • an insert can be used as shown in the exemplary embodiments 1 and 2. The same possibility exists for the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the use of certain latching fastenings between housing parts such as base 2 and cap 3.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the ribs 15 and latching nut 16 used here is selected such that a continuous opening 8 ′′ is formed when the cap wall occurs when it occurs of internal pressure peaks is stretched so that the locking grooves 16 lift off the ribs 15.
  • the design and dimensioning of the locking connection is to be carried out so that an effective pressure relief of the chamber of the fuse takes place without the engagement of the ribs 15 in the locking grooves 16 being completely eliminated.
  • the arrows drawn in FIG. 6 illustrate the flow path of a gas volume portion released to the outside.
  • the miniature fuses in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4, of which only a sectional view is shown, can either, and preferably, have a circular cross section, so that the fuses have a cylindrical shape overall, or they are box-shaped, such as the illustration in Figure 7 is intended to illustrate.
  • the pressure relief effects that can be achieved in the case of fuses with a rectangular cross section have already been described in the first part of the description.
  • FIG. 8 shows a miniature fuse, the cap 3 of which has an upper opening 17 which can be closed by means of a plastic cover 18 with a locking connection made of ribs 15 and locking grooves 16. In this way, the relief effect shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be achieved in the event of peak internal pressure values.
  • cooling elements 19 can be inserted in the base 2, at least along part of the opening gap 8 ′′.
  • the cooling elements 19 consist of materials with particularly good thermal conductivity and high specific heat capacity. They are intended to reinforce the cooling caused when a gas portion escapes on the wall of column 8 ′′.
EP91117605A 1990-11-05 1991-10-16 Fusible électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0484703B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9015208U DE9015208U1 (fr) 1990-11-05 1990-11-05
DE9015208U 1990-11-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0484703A2 true EP0484703A2 (fr) 1992-05-13
EP0484703A3 EP0484703A3 (en) 1993-03-24
EP0484703B1 EP0484703B1 (fr) 1997-01-02

Family

ID=6859060

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91117605A Expired - Lifetime EP0484703B1 (fr) 1990-11-05 1991-10-16 Fusible électrique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5179436A (fr)
EP (1) EP0484703B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3182699B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE9015208U1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2408277A1 (fr) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-18 Schurter AG Élément fusible

Families Citing this family (28)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5287079A (en) * 1992-11-09 1994-02-15 Cooper Industries, Inc. Sub-miniature plastic fuse
US6542063B2 (en) 2001-01-31 2003-04-01 Nippon Seisne Cable, Ltd. Electric fuse
DE10153814A1 (de) * 2001-11-05 2003-05-15 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Sicherungsgehäuse
JP2004253218A (ja) * 2003-02-19 2004-09-09 Nippon Seisen Kk 小型ヒューズ
US6762670B1 (en) * 2003-04-10 2004-07-13 Chun-Chang Yen Fuse apparatus with explosion-proof structure
US20100060406A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2010-03-11 Smart Electronics Inc. Small-sized surface-mounted fuse and method of manufacturing the same
US20080143471A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-19 Chun-Chang Yen Fuse assembly
US20090108980A1 (en) * 2007-10-09 2009-04-30 Littelfuse, Inc. Fuse providing overcurrent and thermal protection
US8179224B2 (en) * 2008-04-17 2012-05-15 Chun-Chang Yen Overcurrent protection structure and method and apparatus for making the same
JP5300128B2 (ja) * 2008-11-14 2013-09-25 矢崎総業株式会社 自動車用ヒューズ
US8576041B2 (en) * 2008-12-17 2013-11-05 Cooper Technologies Company Radial fuse base and assembly
KR101038401B1 (ko) * 2009-04-21 2011-06-03 스마트전자 주식회사 소형퓨즈 및 그 제조방법
US20100277269A1 (en) * 2009-04-29 2010-11-04 Chun-Chang Yen Structure of base of fuse
US9117615B2 (en) * 2010-05-17 2015-08-25 Littlefuse, Inc. Double wound fusible element and associated fuse
US20120133480A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-31 Chun-Chang Yen Overload protection combination structure for a base of a fuse
JP5711991B2 (ja) * 2011-02-14 2015-05-07 矢崎総業株式会社 ヒューズユニット
FR2982705B1 (fr) * 2011-11-16 2013-11-15 Ece Dispositif de protection d'un circuit electrique alimente par un courant alternatif integrable dans un contacteur.
US20130342305A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2013-12-26 Jui-Chih Yen Structure of positioning cover of miniature fuse device
US9892880B2 (en) 2014-05-22 2018-02-13 Littelfuse, Inc. Insert for fuse housing
US9607799B2 (en) * 2014-05-22 2017-03-28 Littelfuse, Inc. Porous inlay for fuse housing
JP2016134317A (ja) * 2015-01-20 2016-07-25 デクセリアルズ株式会社 ヒューズ素子及び回路モジュール
JP6782122B2 (ja) * 2016-08-24 2020-11-11 デクセリアルズ株式会社 保護素子、回路モジュール及び保護素子の製造方法
US10325746B2 (en) * 2016-11-15 2019-06-18 Littelfuse, Inc. Ventilated fuse housing
JP7339071B2 (ja) * 2019-08-29 2023-09-05 デクセリアルズ株式会社 保護素子、バッテリパック
EP4008018A1 (fr) 2019-09-13 2022-06-08 Tridonic GmbH & Co. KG Fusible à piste conductrice
WO2021048090A1 (fr) * 2019-09-13 2021-03-18 Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg Fusible à piste conductrice
GB2613907A (en) * 2021-12-18 2023-06-21 Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd Lightweight electric fuse
US20230230791A1 (en) * 2022-01-18 2023-07-20 Littelfuse, Inc. Fuse design

Citations (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1684432A (en) * 1926-10-01 1928-09-18 Pierce Renewable Fuses Inc Renewable fuse
US2031457A (en) * 1934-02-27 1936-02-18 Gen Electric Fuse
GB701076A (en) * 1952-02-13 1953-12-16 Chase Shawmut Co Improvements in current-limiting electric cartridge fuses
US2734110A (en) * 1956-02-07 Magnetic blast fuses
US3678432A (en) * 1971-04-26 1972-07-18 Gen Electric Vented fuse module for underground power cable system
US3832666A (en) * 1973-07-27 1974-08-27 Itt Electric fuse
EP0048424A2 (fr) * 1980-09-23 1982-03-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fusible électrique de surintensité
US4483064A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-11-20 Bel Fuse, Inc. Process of multiple fuse construction
EP0154801A2 (fr) * 1984-03-10 1985-09-18 Wickmann-Werke GmbH Coupe-circuit miniature et méthode de sa fabrication
EP0164799A2 (fr) * 1984-06-04 1985-12-18 Littelfuse Tracor B.V. Fusible miniature
US4808962A (en) * 1987-11-30 1989-02-28 Yazaki Corporation Fuse

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US426156A (en) * 1890-04-22 Fuse-block
US1502881A (en) * 1918-05-13 1924-07-29 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Fuse
US2166174A (en) * 1934-04-26 1939-07-18 Pierce Renewable Fuses Inc Fuse
US2245345A (en) * 1938-05-06 1941-06-10 Franklin S Klein Electric fuse
DE3118943A1 (de) * 1981-05-13 1982-12-02 Wickmann-Werke GmbH, 5810 Witten Kleinstsicherung

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734110A (en) * 1956-02-07 Magnetic blast fuses
US1684432A (en) * 1926-10-01 1928-09-18 Pierce Renewable Fuses Inc Renewable fuse
US2031457A (en) * 1934-02-27 1936-02-18 Gen Electric Fuse
GB701076A (en) * 1952-02-13 1953-12-16 Chase Shawmut Co Improvements in current-limiting electric cartridge fuses
US3678432A (en) * 1971-04-26 1972-07-18 Gen Electric Vented fuse module for underground power cable system
US3832666A (en) * 1973-07-27 1974-08-27 Itt Electric fuse
EP0048424A2 (fr) * 1980-09-23 1982-03-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fusible électrique de surintensité
US4483064A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-11-20 Bel Fuse, Inc. Process of multiple fuse construction
EP0154801A2 (fr) * 1984-03-10 1985-09-18 Wickmann-Werke GmbH Coupe-circuit miniature et méthode de sa fabrication
EP0164799A2 (fr) * 1984-06-04 1985-12-18 Littelfuse Tracor B.V. Fusible miniature
US4808962A (en) * 1987-11-30 1989-02-28 Yazaki Corporation Fuse

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2408277A1 (fr) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-18 Schurter AG Élément fusible
US10755884B2 (en) 2010-07-16 2020-08-25 Schurter Ag Fuse element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3182699B2 (ja) 2001-07-03
DE9015208U1 (fr) 1991-01-17
JPH04322028A (ja) 1992-11-12
DE59108448D1 (de) 1997-02-13
EP0484703B1 (fr) 1997-01-02
EP0484703A3 (en) 1993-03-24
US5179436A (en) 1993-01-12

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