EP0484667A1 - Mehrzweckofen zur Wärmebehandlung von metallischen Werkstücken - Google Patents

Mehrzweckofen zur Wärmebehandlung von metallischen Werkstücken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0484667A1
EP0484667A1 EP91116243A EP91116243A EP0484667A1 EP 0484667 A1 EP0484667 A1 EP 0484667A1 EP 91116243 A EP91116243 A EP 91116243A EP 91116243 A EP91116243 A EP 91116243A EP 0484667 A1 EP0484667 A1 EP 0484667A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpieces
batch
cooling
chamber
heating chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91116243A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Theo Wörner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aichelin GmbH Germany
Original Assignee
Aichelin GmbH Germany
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aichelin GmbH Germany filed Critical Aichelin GmbH Germany
Publication of EP0484667A1 publication Critical patent/EP0484667A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F27B9/045—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere
    • F27B9/047—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere the atmosphere consisting of protective gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0024—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge of metallic workpieces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0046—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising one or more movable arms, e.g. forks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0065—Lifts, e.g. containing the bucket elevators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0075—Charging or discharging vertically, e.g. through a bottom opening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
    • F27D2003/125—Charging cars, lift trolleys
    • F27D2003/126—Charging cars, lift trolleys with long arms, charging forks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/007—Cooling of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0089—Quenching
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/06—Charging or discharging machines on travelling carriages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-purpose furnace for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, with a prechamber which can be exposed to a protective gas, with a closable heating chamber in which the metallic workpieces are subjected to a heat treatment, in particular a thermochemical treatment, with at least one cooling chamber for cooling the treated Workpieces, as well as with a transport device for transporting the workpieces between the chambers.
  • Such a multi-purpose oven is known from the applicant's company brochure "W 02 A, multi-purpose oven” from 1987.
  • the multi-purpose oven known from this has a prechamber which is provided with a loading opening which can be closed with a door.
  • the workpieces are placed in the form of a batch on a charging table in front of the loading opening and transferred from the charging table to the antechamber.
  • the batch is transferred to the heating chamber using a transport device. Due to the fact that an oxygen-free atmosphere could be achieved in the prechamber by the protective gas purging, there is no change in the gas atmosphere in the heating chamber when the batch is transferred from the prechamber to the heating chamber, in which the protective gas atmosphere also predominates.
  • the pre-chamber therefore acts as a lock between the oxygen-containing environment of the multi-purpose furnace and the heating chamber.
  • thermochemical treatments are known under the names carburizing, embroidering or nitriding and nitrocarburizing.
  • carburizing the outer layers of the metallic materials are coated with carbon, enriched with nitrogen and carbon when embroidering with nitrogen and nitrocarburizing.
  • the transport device moves into the still hot heating chamber and transfers the batch, still glowing, from the heating chamber to the cooling chamber so that the batch can be subjected to a cooling process.
  • the cooling is usually carried out in a quenching bath in which the batch at about 1000 ° C. is immersed very quickly.
  • the quench bath contains oil (approx. 100 ° C) or a molten salt (approx. 300 ° C).
  • the batch is lifted out of the quenching bath and, after dripping through the prechamber, it is moved out of the multi-purpose furnace.
  • cooling does not take place in a quenching bath, but in a cooling chamber that can be charged with a cooling gas.
  • the quenching process in the oil bath or the cooling process in the cooling chamber take place in a protective gas atmosphere, so that oxidation processes are excluded.
  • the transport device which is intended to transport the batch from the prechamber into and out of the heating chamber, consists of a back-stiff link chain accommodated in a closed channel, which pushes or pulls the batch over sliding surfaces. Sliding surfaces are used because there can be no bearings in the heating chamber at high temperatures.
  • the frictional forces between the corresponding sliding surface of the pre-chamber or the heating chamber and the surface of the batch resting on it must be overcome.
  • the slip factor is around 0.6.
  • a disadvantage of the multi-purpose furnace of the type mentioned is that very high forces are required to move heavy batches, which necessitate a correspondingly complex construction of the transport device.
  • a multi-purpose oven of the type mentioned at the outset with the rigid link chain transport device can no longer be used with reasonable construction costs for batch sizes which are in the range from 1 to and larger.
  • Such a vertical furnace is known from the applicant's company brochure "W 12 A” from 1982.
  • the vertical retort furnaces shown therein which are also referred to as vertical shaft furnaces, usually have a hollow cylindrical body with a solid, closed base.
  • the hollow cylindrical body is provided on its upper side with a cover which can be swiveled sideways for loading or emptying the furnace.
  • the batch which is to be subjected to heat treatment, is inserted into the furnace from above using a lifting device. After the lifting gear has been extended and the closing cover has been closed, the interior of the furnace is flushed out with protective gas and the heat treatment process is then carried out.
  • the interior of the furnace is therefore both antechamber and heating chamber.
  • the lid is opened and the still glowing or hot batch is lifted out of the furnace in the vertical direction by means of the lifting device and fed to a quenching bath in an air atmosphere.
  • the quench bath Even if the quench bath is located directly next to the vertical shaft furnace, it still takes a few minutes until the manhole cover is opened, the load is gripped by the hoist, lifted vertically out of the furnace and moved to the quench bath.
  • oxidation processes take place on the batch, which is still hot up to 1000 °. For example, it has been found that such oxidation processes cause cracks to form on the gearwheels, which can then lead to breakage of the entire gearwheel or of individual teeth during operation. Because the batch comes into heat-exchanging contact with ambient air of about room temperature, individual edge areas can cool down as far as inner areas to such an extent that tension or distortion occur in the workpieces.
  • batches in the range of 10 tons and more can be treated in a single heat treatment process, whereby the batches can have dimensions of several meters in height, width and depth, due to the atmospheric oxygen contact between transfers from the heating chamber to the cooling chamber or to Quench bath and cooling during delivery do suffer from the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to remedy this situation and to further develop a multi-purpose furnace of the type mentioned at the outset such that very large and heavy batches, in particular in the range of one ton and heavier, can be heat-treated, in particular simple and rapid transfer into and should be achieved from the heating chamber.
  • the object is achieved in that the transport device has a horizontally and vertically movable crane arranged in the antechamber.
  • the object of the invention is therefore completely achieved, since even very heavy and large loads can be moved with little friction by means of a crane, in any case much less friction than by moving by means of rigid link chains.
  • the crane Due to the horizontal and vertical displaceability, the crane can carry out the necessary transport movements inside the furnace, ie in the absence of the oxygen-containing air atmosphere, ie the respective gripping, lifting, lowering and moving of the batch.
  • the vertical displaceability enables the batch, suspended from the crane, to be lowered very quickly, for example into a quenching bath, and lifted out of it again. Because the crane is arranged in the antechamber, in which the temperatures are higher than the room temperature but relatively low compared to the heating chamber (approx.
  • the rotating and moving parts present in a crane can such as wheels, rollers and cable pulls, remain ready for operation in the long term because, on the one hand, they are not exposed to high temperatures and, moreover, they do not come into contact with the carburizing, nitriding or nitrocarburizing atmospheres.
  • the crane can remain in the relatively cold zone (approx. 200 ° C) of the furnace during the heat treatment process in the heating chamber. Only to remove the hot batch, after opening the heating chamber, the crane has to be moved so far that it can take the batch. This can be done very easily and very quickly.
  • the voluminous and heavy batch can be fed to the cooling chamber through the prechamber filled with protective gas at approx.
  • the multi-purpose furnace can then be opened and the batch removed.
  • the entire treatment processes take place in the interior of the multi-purpose furnace in the protective atmosphere, so that oxidation processes with the disadvantageous crack formation can be excluded.
  • the crane has a horizontally movable trolley, which is fixedly connected to a vertically running guide, along which a vertically movable workpiece carrier is attached.
  • the trolley which can be constructed very simply by means of an appropriately rigid and stable frame, for example by welding appropriately rigid supports, can move weights in the range of 10 tons horizontally without any particularly constructive expenditure.
  • the guide running vertically on the trolley can then be designed to be correspondingly robust, i.e. vertically extending beams welded to the trolley, to which a workpiece carrier is movably attached.
  • the workpiece carrier can then be designed as a boom at the same time, so that it serves as a carrier during transport and for depositing or gripping the batch to be transported. This can also be achieved using structurally simple means in a robust construction.
  • the trolley is arranged over at least one in the interior of the multi-purpose oven Traction element can be moved horizontally back and forth, the at least one traction element itself being driven via a drive arranged outside the interior of the multi-purpose furnace.
  • This measure has the advantage that only the pulling element is provided in the interior of the furnace, which horizontally moves the trolley back and forth.
  • the actual drive such as electric motors, together with the necessary wiring, are arranged outside the interior, so that these components are not exposed to the protective gas atmosphere, which is about 200 ° hot, and also to the vapors generated during the quenching process. This also contributes to the robustness, simplicity and service life of the drive device.
  • the traction element is designed as an endless element, in particular as an endless link chain, which runs around two fixed rollers, a driven roller being connected to a shaft which is guided gastightly through a wall of the furnace and is connected to a drive shaft of the outside of the Furnace arranged drive is connected.
  • This measure has the advantage that only the peripheral element is arranged in the interior of the furnace, which element can be designed, for example, as a very robust metal link chain.
  • the one driven roller, around which the chain runs, is guided through gas-tight bearings through a wall of the furnace and is connected to the drive elements or the energy supply located outside the interior.
  • the workpiece carrier hangs over a first loose roller attached to it a lifting element, in particular in the form of a chain, which runs over two fixed rollers located on both sides of the loose roller and arranged at the upper end of the guide.
  • This measure has the advantage that the necessary vertical movement of the workpiece carrier is accomplished by robust construction parts. Due to the robust design of the lifting element as a link chain, it is possible to hold batches of 10 tons and more safely and to move them up and down in the vertical direction.
  • the design of the suspension of the workpiece carrier as a loose roller between the two fixed rollers at the upper end of the vertical guide allows, despite the robust and stable design, a very rapid lowering of the workpiece carrier, which is particularly desirable when the batch is lowered into a quenching bath.
  • the lifting element is driven by a drive arranged outside the interior of the furnace.
  • This measure in turn has the advantage that only the robust lifting element is accommodated in the interior of the multi-purpose furnace, whereas heat-sensitive and steam-sensitive parts, such as electric motors, corresponding cables, switches and the like, are arranged outside the furnace chamber.
  • the lifting element runs over a fourth driven fixed roller which is connected to a gas-tight shaft which is guided through a wall of the furnace and which is connected to a drive shaft of the drive arranged outside the furnace.
  • This measure has the advantage, as already mentioned in connection with the traction element, that the lifting element can be moved in the interior in a structurally simple manner and is also connected gas-tight to the drive located on the outside.
  • the lifting element rotates a further, provided with a counterweight fifth loose roller, which is arranged such that it is its deepest Assumes position when the first loose roll occupies its highest position or vice versa.
  • This measure has the advantage that on both sides of the driven roller, which moves the lifting element back and forth, approximately the same weights are carried by each loose roller, namely on the one hand the workpiece carrier including the batch and on the other hand the counterweight, so that the drive in each case only that force must be applied to balance the different weights on both sides.
  • a first cooling chamber for cooling the workpieces by means of a cooling gas and a second cooling chamber arranged next to the latter are in the form a quench bath, in particular in the form of an oil bath, and a guide rail extends over the quench bath, along which the trolley can be moved horizontally.
  • this measure has the advantage that the batch coming from the heating chamber can be brought into either the first or the second cooling chamber by means of the transport device by means of a simple horizontal movement process. Depending on the type of treatment, cooling in a gas atmosphere or cooling in a quenching bath can then be carried out.
  • the measure has the advantage that the quenching bath, which is of course also of a correspondingly large size in the case of appropriately large batches to be cooled and is surrounded by a stable wall, can simultaneously represent a stable abutment for the horizontal guidance of the trolley.
  • the guide rails can then be mounted, for example, directly on the upper edge of the wall surrounding the quenching bath, over which the entire weight of the transport device, including the batch carried by it, can then be distributed.
  • the prechamber is at a first middle level and has a loading opening which can be closed gas-tight via a loading door, and the cooling chambers are arranged on a second, lower level, below the prechamber.
  • This measure has the advantage that the crane that runs in the prechamber located above the cooling chambers only has to be moved horizontally over these in order to load the batch in to bring the position from which it can be brought into the chamber or handed over. Since the prechamber is filled with protective gas, it is ensured that no oxidation process can take place during the transfer process from the heating chamber into the respective cooling chamber, and the batch can be brought into place via the corresponding cooling chamber very quickly.
  • the heating chamber is at a third upper level and is provided at the lower end with a floor which can be lowered or raised by means of a first elevator, which floor can be lowered to such an extent that workpieces on the workpiece carrier arranged in the antechamber Floor can be put down or workpieces lying on it can be removed.
  • the lowerable floor transports the hot batch from the third higher upper level via the first elevator by lowering the floor to a level such that when the workpiece carrier is moved sideways, the workpiece carrier can grab the batch, lift it up and laterally remove it, and then feed them to the low-level cooling chambers.
  • the crane then only serves to move the batch horizontally at the middle level of the antechamber and, if necessary, to lower it into the cooling chambers below or to lift it out of the latter.
  • the bottom of the heating chamber which can be lowered via the first elevator, then ensures that the batch, which can be placed on the floor by the workpiece carrier, from the middle level of the antechamber can be brought to the higher level of the heating chamber.
  • the guide and the drives of the crane can be arranged so far away from the heating chamber that heat transfers from the heating chamber are excluded.
  • the first elevator can be designed, for example, as a chain elevator that moves the heavy batch together with the bottom of the heating chamber in a vertical direction, ie raises or lowers it.
  • the first cooling chamber comes to rest under the heating chamber, a region of the antechamber lying between the lower end of the heating chamber and the upper end of the first cooling chamber, a floor which can be raised or lowered by a second elevator being provided in the first cooling chamber which can be raised to such an extent that workpieces can be placed on the floor or workpieces resting thereon can be removed from the workpiece carrier horizontally movable in the antechamber.
  • This measure has the advantage that the lifting or lowering base in the first cooling chamber, in which the batch is cooled by means of a gaseous medium, enables the heating chamber to be transferred quickly and easily.
  • the crane then serves to take over the batch, for example, from the lowered bottom of the heating chamber and then to set it down again on the raised bottom of the first cooling chamber, thereby serving as an intermediate storage for the heat-treated workpieces. With this construction, it is then sufficient to provide the trolley with horizontal movement only in the area of the quenching bath.
  • the crane performs the horizontal movements of the batch inside the Multi-purpose oven and immersion or lifting in the oil quench bath.
  • the batch is moved between the middle level of the antechamber and the heating chamber above it by means of the first elevator of the floor of the heating chamber.
  • the vertical movement of the batch from the middle level of the antechamber into the first cooling chamber is accomplished by means of the second elevator.
  • the first cooling chamber can be separated from the pre-chamber in a gas-tight manner.
  • This measure has the advantage, in particular in connection with the measure mentioned above, that after a batch has been transferred from the heating chamber via the crane to the lowerable bottom of the cooling chamber and has been sunk into the latter, the cooling chamber is closed and then a gaseous cooling medium is introduced can be. In the meantime, a further batch can be introduced from the outside at the level of the antechamber above, the furnace then closed, flushed with protective gas and the batch placed by the crane on the lowered floor of the heating chamber. The bottom of the heating chamber then moves upwards, the heating chamber is closed and a new heat treatment process can be initiated in the heating chamber, during which the cooling process takes place in the closed first cooling chamber arranged on the lower level. After opening the cooling chamber and lifting the bottom, the batch can then be removed from the multi-purpose oven. In this embodiment, a total of three transport devices are necessary, namely the crane, the first and the second elevator, but this additional construction effort is noticeable in shorter cycle times.
  • a multi-purpose oven 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 has a housing 12 which encloses an interior 13.
  • the interior 13 is divided into a prechamber 14, a first cooling chamber 16, a second cooling chamber 18, which contains an oil bath 20, and a heating chamber 22.
  • a transport device 24 which has a crane 26, a first elevator 28 for a lowerable or elevatable floor 30 of the heating chamber 22 and a second elevator 32 for a raised or lowerable floor 34 of the first cooling chamber 16.
  • a loading opening 46 is provided at about half its height, which can be closed gas-tight by a loading door 44.
  • the loading door 44 can, as shown in FIG. 1 by an arrow 47, be raised so far that the loading opening 46 is opened.
  • a charging machine 50 known per se is arranged Immediately in front of the wall 42, i.e. 1, to the left of wall 42.
  • the charging machine 50 has a carriage 56 which can be displaced in a horizontal plane via rails 52, 54, as is indicated in FIG. 2 by a double arrow 55.
  • the carriage 56 rests on the rails 52, 54 via a frame (not shown here), which in turn has two cross rails 58 and 60, which extend transversely between the rails 52, 54, thus perpendicular to these.
  • the carriage 56 has, on its side facing the wall 42 of the multi-purpose furnace 10, five projecting forks 62, the front end area of which serves to carry a batch 64 of workpieces.
  • transverse rails 58, 60 or the lower edge of the forks 62 lie at such a height that when the loading door 44 is open, by moving the carriage 56, the forks 62 and the charge 64 received thereon can be pushed into the prechamber 14, as shown in FIG. 1 is indicated by an arrow 65.
  • the antechamber 14 is delimited in the area immediately behind the loading door 46 by an upper wall 67 of the first cooling chamber 16, which is provided with an opening 68.
  • the upper wall 67 represents an upper end of the first cooling chamber 16, which is arranged directly below the pre-chamber 14 in the previously mentioned area immediately behind the loading opening 46.
  • a lower wall 69 of the heating chamber 22 represents an upward boundary of the antechamber 14 in the area behind the loading opening 46.
  • a vertical wall 70 which extends over the entire width of the housing 12 (see FIG. 2) and runs parallel to the wall 42, separates the first cooling chamber 16 from the second cooling chamber 18.
  • Another vertical wall 72 which also extends over the entire width of the housing 12, represents a rear boundary of the second cooling chamber 18. In the illustration of FIG. 1, the rear of the multi-purpose oven therefore corresponds to the right side.
  • An oil bath 20 is received in the second cooling chamber 18 and is connected to a tank located outside the housing 12 by means not shown here.
  • Circulation pumps are also provided, which circulate the oil bath 20, as is known per se.
  • Heating devices can also be provided in order to bring the oil bath 20 to a certain predetermined temperature, for example 95 ° or 150 ° C.
  • a salt bath can also be provided, it being possible for the liquid to be formed by a molten salt at approximately 300 ° C.
  • An upper wall 76 in the area above the oil bath 20 forms a closure of the housing 12 upwards, the wall 76 being approximately at the level of the wall 69, which represents the lower closure of the heating chamber 22.
  • the wall 76 lies approximately 5 m above a base 36 on which the housing 12 rests.
  • a guide rail 80 on which a trolley 82 rests, extends between the walls 70, 72, which form a left and a right boundary of the oil bath 20 in the illustration in FIG. 1.
  • the trolley 82 runs over wheels on its underside in the profiled guide rail 80.
  • the trolley 82 is connected on its side facing a wall 116 at a point 84 to a chain 86.
  • the wall 116 in the representation of FIG. 1 represents a rear vertical end wall of the housing 12, viewed in the direction of view of the loading opening 46 towards the interior 13, this represents the left end wall of the housing 12.
  • the chain 86 connected to the trolley 12, which is designed as an endless chain, runs around two rollers 88 and 90 lying on the same horizontal level.
  • the roller 88 comes to rest approximately at the upper end of the wall 70, the roller 90 at the upper end of the wall 72.
  • the roller 90 is a driven roller which is pushed onto a driven shaft 92 which extends through the wall 116 and is connected to a drive 120 arranged on the outside of the wall 116 (see FIG. 2).
  • the shaft 92 guided in a gas-tight bushing, is guided through the wall 116.
  • the chain 86 which is firmly connected to the trolley 82 via the point 84, moves it to the right in the illustration in FIG. 1. If the shaft 92 is rotated counterclockwise, the chain 86 rotating over the roller 88 moves the trolley 82 to the left.
  • the trolley 82 can be moved horizontally back and forth over the entire length of the guide rail 80 spanning the oil bath 20, as is indicated by a double arrow 93.
  • the trolley 82 On the inside opposite point 84, that is to say the side facing the viewer in FIG. 1, the trolley 82 is firmly connected to a vertically extending guide rail 96.
  • the guide rail 96 is designed as a profiled steel beam which is welded to the trolley 82.
  • the guide rail 96 is also still welded to the trolley 82 via diagonal struts, which are provided for reasons of stability, but are not shown in the drawing for reasons of clarity.
  • the guide rail 96 is welded to a T-piece 98, which is provided with a fixed roller 100 and 102 at its two outer ends.
  • the distance between two imaginary vertical tangents at opposite circumferential points of the rollers 100 and 102 is such that this corresponds approximately to the diameter of a first loose roller 104 which is attached to a workpiece carrier 106.
  • the workpiece carrier 106 runs by means of a guide wheel 107 in the U-profiled guide rail 96, so that the workpiece carrier 106 can be moved in the vertical direction along the guide rail 96.
  • the workpiece carrier 106 is provided with five horizontally projecting forks 108, the contour and contact surface of which roughly corresponds to the gabein 62 of the carriage 56 of the charging machine 50, but are offset slightly laterally with respect to this, so that they can interlock, as will be described in more detail below.
  • FIG. 1 shows the "rearmost” fork 108, that is to say the fork which is closest to the trolley 82 or the wall 116 located behind it.
  • the workpiece carrier 106 which is the mirror image of the workpiece carrier, is then likewise received in a rail which is arranged in a mirror image of the profiled guide rail 96 and which is in turn connected to a mirror image of the trolley 82. This then runs in a guide rail 80 'arranged in mirror image to the guide rail 80, as is indicated in FIG. 2.
  • the mirror-image components are connected via cross beams 109 and 116 to form a rigid frame.
  • the first loose roller 104 hangs on a chain 122 that runs over the fixed rollers 100, 102 of the T-piece 98.
  • One end of chain 122 is fixedly attached in an eyelet 124 to the underside of wall 76.
  • the eyelet 124 is arranged approximately in the illustration of FIG. 1 at the left end of the upper wall 76, in the area in which the wall 78 of the lifting hearth furnace rises above it.
  • a fixed driven roller 110 is arranged in a right rear end region, over which the chain 122 runs.
  • the roller 110 is pushed onto a shaft 112 (see broken illustration of FIG. 2) which is guided through the wall 116 in a gas-tight bush 114, and the shaft 112 is with the drive shaft of a drive 118 arranged on the outside of the wall 116 connected.
  • the chain 122 coming from the driven roller 110, rotates a second loose roller 126 and is returned to an eyelet 130, with which it is firmly connected.
  • the eyelet 130 is fixedly attached to the underside of the top wall 76.
  • the second loose roller 126 is provided with a counterweight 128 which corresponds approximately to the weight of the workpiece carrier 106 together with a batch 64.
  • the axes of rotation of the fixed rollers 100, 102 on the T-piece 98, the first loose roller 104 on the workpiece carrier 106, the fixed driven roller 110 and the second loose roller 126 all run parallel.
  • rollers 100, 102, 104, 110 and 126 are all in a vertical plane, so that the chain 122 also extends in a vertical plane.
  • the position of the first loose roller 104 with respect to the second loose roller 126 is such that, as shown in FIG. 1, the first loose roller 104 occupies its highest position, the second loose Roll 126 occupies its lowest position.
  • the drive 118 which drives the roller 110
  • the trolley 82 is moved back and forth in the horizontal direction by means of the drive 120
  • the chain 122 rotates the non-driven rollers 102, 104 and 100, i.e. the workpiece carrier 106 is held at the same height level, but is shifted horizontally in the process.
  • the drive 120 is at a standstill and the drive 118 actuates the roller 110 in such a way that it is rotated counterclockwise in the illustration in FIG. 1, the first loose roller 104 and the workpiece carrier 106 are lowered, with the second loose roller 126 simultaneously together with the counterweight 128 is raised.
  • the multi-purpose oven described in Figures 1 to 6 operates as follows: A batch 64 of workpieces to be treated is moved in front of the loading opening 46 by means of the charging machine 50, as is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. After opening the loading door 44, the carriage 56 of the charging machine 50 is shifted into the interior 13 until the batch comes to rest in the middle of the first area of the antechamber 14, that is to say approximately in the middle above the first cooling chamber 16. The crane 26 is then moved to the left in the illustration in FIG. 1 that the forks 108 of the workpiece carrier 106 reach under and receive the batch 64.
  • the carriage 56 of the charging machine 50 is then pulled out of the multipurpose oven 10, the loading door 44 is closed and the interior 13 is subjected to a protective gas until all the air which has penetrated from the outside when the batch 64 is introduced into the interior 13 is flushed out is.
  • protective inlet lines (not shown) are provided, as well as sensors which respond to oxygen, as is known per se, in order to ensure that a complete protective gas atmosphere is present in the interior 13.
  • the crane 26 then moves together with the batch 64 to the right that the floor 30, which closes the heating chamber 22 on the lower side, can be lowered so far that the batch 64 can be lowered on the top of the lowered floor 30 by horizontal movement of the crane 26 can be lowered, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the base 30 is provided with two diametrically opposite, radially projecting projections 146, 148 (see FIG. 2), which are each connected to a chain 149 or 151 of the first elevator 28.
  • the chains 149 and 151 run in vertical chain guides 150 and 152 before they are wound onto driven wheels 154 and 156, respectively.
  • the drive wheels 154 and 156 are arranged on the top of the wall 69 on which the cylindrical housing 78 of the hearth furnace rests.
  • the chains 149 and 151 are unwound from the drive wheels 154, 156, wherein they are guided vertically by the chain guides 150, 152.
  • the chain guides 150, 152 are arranged outside the housing 78 of the lifting hearth base, that is to say they are located outdoors. Seals (not shown in detail here) are provided at the passage points of the chain guides 150, 152, so that no protective gas can escape.
  • the inside of the cylindrical wall 78 of the hearth base and the side of the lowerable base 30 facing the heating chamber 22 are lined with fireclay 134, as is known per se.
  • the heating chamber 22 is connected to a gas guide 142, which ensures that appropriate treatment gases can be introduced into the heating chamber 22.
  • the gas duct 142 also serves to circulate the amount of gas received in the heating chamber 22, so that a good heat exchange takes place between the heater 144 arranged in the heating chamber 22 and the charge 64.
  • the batch 64 shown in FIG. 4 consists of large gearwheels with a diameter of approximately 1.5 m and has a weight of approximately 10 tons.
  • the heat treatment takes place at 750 ° C for several hours.
  • an appropriate gas atmosphere is set in the heating chamber, for example an ammonia-hydrogen-hydrocarbon mixture.
  • the process described in connection with FIG. 3 proceeds in reverse, ie the floor 30 is lowered with the hot batch 64 recorded thereon to such an extent that the crane 26 can remove the batch 64 from the floor 30 and then transports it over the Oil bath 20.
  • the drive 118 of the roller 110 By actuating the drive 118 of the roller 110, the latter is rotated, as a result of which the workpiece carrier 106, together with the hot batch 64 received thereon, is very quickly lowered into the oil bath 20, as is shown in FIG. 5.
  • This process can also be carried out very quickly in the case of the large and heavy batch 64, so that the batch 64 is completely immersed in the oil bath 20 within a few seconds, as a result of which there is then no distortion caused by unevenly quenched Areas of large gears can occur.
  • the vapors rising during the quenching process can then rise into the heating chamber 22 and be discharged from the multi-purpose furnace 10 via the gas duct 142, as is indicated in FIG. 5 by the flow arrows 162.
  • FIG. 5 shows that the floor 30 has been raised in the meantime, but the cover 138 shown in FIG. 4 has not been applied, so that the vapors can flow through the heating chamber 22.
  • the workpiece carrier 106 is raised again and held over the oil bath 20 until the liquid has drained off. Subsequently, the loading door 44 is opened and an empty carriage 56 of the charging machine 50 is pushed into the antechamber 14 to such an extent that the heat-treated, cooled, drained batch 64 can be placed on the forks 62 by the workpiece carrier 106. The charging machine 50 is then pulled out of the multi-purpose oven 10 and fed to a further treatment station, in particular a washing station.
  • a new batch can then be fed to the multi-purpose furnace 10.
  • FIG. 4 Another operation of the multi-purpose oven 10 is shown in FIG. Starting from the situation in FIG. 4, the batch 64 was taken over by the crane 26 after the heat treatment had been carried out by lowering the floor 30 and the floor 30 was then moved up again.
  • the second elevator 32 is designed as a hydraulic elevator, but can also be designed as a chain elevator.
  • the hot batch 64 was placed on the floor 34 by the crane 26, it was lowered again and the first cooling chamber 14 was closed by means of the lid 164.
  • a gaseous cooling medium is introduced into the first, now closed cooling chamber 16 via a fan 158 and the hot charge 64 is cooled via the gaseous cooling medium, as is symbolically indicated in FIG. 6 by the flow arrows 164.
  • a further batch 64 ′ can be introduced into the furnace 10, as was described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 6 A situation is shown in FIG. 6 in which the batch 64 ′ is being set down by the crane 26 onto the lowered floor 30, as is indicated by an arrow 166.
  • the prechamber 14 was previously included Inert gas flushed.
  • the crane 26 is moved back to the right and the floor is raised, as indicated by the arrow 133.
  • a new heat treatment process can then already be started in the heating chamber 22, during which the cooling process of the batch 64 is still taking place in the cooling chamber 16.
  • opening the cover 160 opens the first cooling chamber 16, which is sealed off from the pre-chamber 14, the floor 34 is raised so that the batch 64, which has cooled in the meantime, can be gripped directly by the charging machine 50 and discharged from the multi-purpose oven can.
  • the loading door 44 is then closed again and the prechamber 14 or the first cooling chamber 16 is flushed out with protective gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
EP91116243A 1990-10-25 1991-09-24 Mehrzweckofen zur Wärmebehandlung von metallischen Werkstücken Withdrawn EP0484667A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4033893 1990-10-25
DE19904033893 DE4033893C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-10-25 1990-10-25

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EP0484667A1 true EP0484667A1 (de) 1992-05-13

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1149923A1 (en) * 2000-04-27 2001-10-31 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for quenching metallic material
FR2922883A1 (fr) * 2007-10-25 2009-05-01 Univ Rennes 1 Etablissement Pu Installation et procede de synthese de verres.
KR101683486B1 (ko) * 2015-11-13 2016-12-07 주식회사 삼영이엔지 수직형 급냉 열처리장치
CN117265231A (zh) * 2023-09-13 2023-12-22 南通顺祥钢结构有限公司 一种热处理设备

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19543266A1 (de) * 1995-11-20 1997-05-22 Schulze Reinhard Einrichtung zur Mikrowellenbeaufschlagung von Materialien oder Stückgütern
CN117144106B (zh) * 2023-08-15 2024-05-28 河南欧迪艾铸造有限公司 一种汽车平衡轴支架adi材料热处理制备装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1702524A (en) * 1929-02-19 Apparatus foe
GB899793A (en) * 1960-03-04 1962-06-27 Ass Elect Ind Improvements in and relating to furnaces
DE2132578A1 (de) * 1971-06-30 1973-01-11 Pacific Scientific Co Vorrichtung zum heizen und abschrecken von gegenstaenden mit transporteinrichtung
FR2537260A1 (fr) * 1982-12-02 1984-06-08 Traitement Sous Vide Four multicellulaire pour le traitement thermique, thermochimique ou electrothermique de metaux sous atmosphere rarefiee

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3150448A1 (de) * 1981-12-19 1983-06-30 Günter 5880 Lüdenscheid Pfaffenhöfer Dreikammer-vakuumofen
DE3233361C2 (de) * 1982-09-08 1987-02-05 Vsesojuznyj naučno-issledovatel'skij, proektno-konstruktorskij i technologičeskij institut elektrotermičeskogo oborudovanija, Moskau/Moskva Kontinuierlich zu betreibender Elektroofen zur Wärmebehandlung von Stahlgegenständen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1702524A (en) * 1929-02-19 Apparatus foe
GB899793A (en) * 1960-03-04 1962-06-27 Ass Elect Ind Improvements in and relating to furnaces
DE2132578A1 (de) * 1971-06-30 1973-01-11 Pacific Scientific Co Vorrichtung zum heizen und abschrecken von gegenstaenden mit transporteinrichtung
FR2537260A1 (fr) * 1982-12-02 1984-06-08 Traitement Sous Vide Four multicellulaire pour le traitement thermique, thermochimique ou electrothermique de metaux sous atmosphere rarefiee

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1149923A1 (en) * 2000-04-27 2001-10-31 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for quenching metallic material
US6492631B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2002-12-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for quenching metallic material
FR2922883A1 (fr) * 2007-10-25 2009-05-01 Univ Rennes 1 Etablissement Pu Installation et procede de synthese de verres.
KR101683486B1 (ko) * 2015-11-13 2016-12-07 주식회사 삼영이엔지 수직형 급냉 열처리장치
CN117265231A (zh) * 2023-09-13 2023-12-22 南通顺祥钢结构有限公司 一种热处理设备
CN117265231B (zh) * 2023-09-13 2024-04-23 南通顺祥钢结构有限公司 一种热处理设备

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