EP0482309B1 - Vorrichtung zum beidseitigen Beschichten einer Materialbahn - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum beidseitigen Beschichten einer Materialbahn Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0482309B1
EP0482309B1 EP91113557A EP91113557A EP0482309B1 EP 0482309 B1 EP0482309 B1 EP 0482309B1 EP 91113557 A EP91113557 A EP 91113557A EP 91113557 A EP91113557 A EP 91113557A EP 0482309 B1 EP0482309 B1 EP 0482309B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
coating material
application
coating
press
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91113557A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0482309A1 (de
Inventor
Reinhard Knop
Volker Fäthke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jagenberg AG
Original Assignee
Jagenberg AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jagenberg AG filed Critical Jagenberg AG
Publication of EP0482309A1 publication Critical patent/EP0482309A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0482309B1 publication Critical patent/EP0482309B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
    • B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
    • B05C1/0826—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line the work being a web or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
    • B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
    • B05C1/12—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line the work being fed round the roller
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/04—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material to opposite sides of the work

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for coating a material web on both sides, in particular a paper or cardboard web, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Devices with a pair of press rolls are known for applying glue (starch, CMC, synthetic glue) or pigment dispersions to paper or cardboard webs on both sides, the web being guided through the press nip.
  • glue starch, CMC, synthetic glue
  • An application and metering system is arranged on each of the press rolls, which first applies a metered film of coating material to each press roll, which is then transferred to the web in the press nip.
  • a generic device is described in DE-GM 84 14 413.
  • a nozzle chamber which is open towards the press roll is used as the application and metering system and has a metering element which can be pressed against the press roll at its outlet end is completed.
  • a metering rod is used as the metering element, which has circumferential grooves which were produced by wrapping it with a wire.
  • the amount of coating material applied to a roller can be influenced via the groove cross section.
  • Other known metering elements are doctor bars with a smooth surface, doctor blades or doctor strips. With these elements, the application weight can be varied using the contact pressure.
  • EP-A-0 186 620 it is known on printing presses to determine the film thickness of a mixture of oily material and water on a cylinder of the inking unit by means of infrared absorption. Based on the measurement, a predetermined film thickness is set on the cylinder which is dependent on the printing speed and ambient temperature.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a generic device so that the amount of coating material applied by each system can be determined for separate adjustment and / or control of the application and metering systems.
  • the amount of coating material taken up by the web is determined not directly on the web, but on each of the press rolls before being transferred to the web. This enables the quantitative determination of the coating material delivered to the web by each application and metering system.
  • Another advantage is that when using dosing elements that are subject to wear - z. B. wire-wound doctor rods -, monitoring of wear is possible in order to be able to exchange worn out dosing elements early. Because of the wear, the quantity applied to the respective press roll changes; when a certain limit value is reached, the metering elements can be changed so that damage to the roll surface due to wire breakage, etc. is avoided.
  • the second measuring device on each press roll according to claim 2 each measures the amount of coating material not taken up by the material web before the rolls are newly coated. This enables an even more precise determination of the amount of coating material actually taken up by the material web, in particular in the case of types of paper or cardboard in which the transfer from a press roller to the web cannot be exactly predetermined.
  • Measuring devices for determining the amount of water on the press rolls according to claim 3 are sufficient in many applications to be able to set or control the coating device exactly.
  • the proportion of solid constituents applied to the web can be calculated with sufficient accuracy from the composition of the coating material.
  • Measuring systems based on infrared absorption have been found to be particularly advantageous. They use the effect that molecular compounds, e.g. B. OH and CH, absorb light energy at precisely defined wavelengths. For this purpose, a light beam emitted by a halogen lamp is emitted onto the measuring surface to be tested (coated press roll surface). The reflected radiation is collected and evaluated. So a quantity of substance on the roller surfaces can be measured directly and the proportion absorbed by the web, e.g. B. determine the amount of water or solids.
  • molecular compounds e.g. B. OH and CH
  • Fig. 1 shows roughly schematically a coating device according to the invention in side view.
  • the coating device shown in the drawing is integrated in a paper machine. It consists of two identical press rolls 1, 2, between which a press nip 3 is formed.
  • the paper web 4 to be coated is fed to the press nip 3 from above so that the press roll 1 is wrapped around a little.
  • the web 4 is deflected by a guide roller 5 to a drying device, not shown.
  • the press rolls 1, 2 are rubberized on their surface. Outside the area of the press nip 3, an application and metering system 6, 7 is arranged on each press roll 1, 2, which can be pivoted onto the respective press roll 1, 2 in the area not wrapped by the web 4.
  • Each of the application and metering systems 6, 7 has an application chamber 6.1, 7.1 which is open towards the respective press roll and into which the coating material is fed under pressure.
  • each application chamber 6.1, 7.1 is closed off by a metering element 6.2, 7.2, which strips off the excess coating material applied to the press roll 1 or 2 to the desired film thickness.
  • a metering rod with a structured surface that is to say elevations and depressions, is preferably used as the metering element, with which metering can be carried out volumentrically.
  • Such doctor rods are known. You assign z. B. circumferential grooves that are generated by wrapping with a wire.
  • doctor rods with a smooth surface, doctor blades or doctor strips can also be used as dosing elements.
  • a measuring system based on the absorption of infrared radiation is preferably used.
  • infrared radiation is generated by a halogen lamp, a spectrum of which is selected with filters and radiated onto the surface to be tested.
  • the reflected radiation is collected and evaluated by a concave receiver.
  • filters infrared radiation is preferably radiated onto the roller surfaces in a spectrum that contains wavelengths that are absorbed by OH compounds.
  • the water content of the coating material that is located on the roller surfaces can be determined quantitatively.
  • the coating material is delivered to the web 4 in the press nip 3.
  • the proportion of solids can be calculated from the composition of the coating material.
  • the device is calibrated at the beginning. For this purpose, different amounts are applied to the press rolls 1, 2 with the same water or solids content and the amounts taken up by the web are then measured; e.g. B. by weighing or moisture measurement directly on the web. With the calibration curve determined in this way, the amount of coating material taken up can be calculated directly from the amount on the roller surfaces during operation.
  • a further measuring device is arranged on each press roll 1, 2 in the area behind the press nip 3 and in front of the respective application and metering system 6, 7, with which the amount of coating material remaining on the roller surfaces after the transfer to the web 4 and before the new coating is determined.
  • the amount of coating material taken up by the material web 4 can thus be determined as the difference between the two respective measured values.
  • the amount of coating material applied to the web 4 by each application and metering system 6, 7 can be determined separately. This enables an even coating on both sides, in particular the even application of pigments on each side of the web.
  • the device according to the invention offers the possibility of monitoring the wear of metering elements. Due to the wear, the order quantity given to the respective press roll changes. With metering elements with a structured surface, the application quantity drops because the passage cross-section is reduced when worn. When a certain limit value is reached, the dosing elements can be exchanged early in order to avoid damage to the roller surface due to wire break etc.

Landscapes

  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
EP91113557A 1990-10-22 1991-08-13 Vorrichtung zum beidseitigen Beschichten einer Materialbahn Expired - Lifetime EP0482309B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4033521A DE4033521C2 (de) 1990-10-22 1990-10-22 Vorrichtung zum beidseitigen Beschichten einer Materialbahn
DE4033521 1990-10-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0482309A1 EP0482309A1 (de) 1992-04-29
EP0482309B1 true EP0482309B1 (de) 1995-05-17

Family

ID=6416787

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91113557A Expired - Lifetime EP0482309B1 (de) 1990-10-22 1991-08-13 Vorrichtung zum beidseitigen Beschichten einer Materialbahn

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0482309B1 (es)
AT (1) ATE122586T1 (es)
DE (2) DE4033521C2 (es)
ES (1) ES2075278T3 (es)
FI (1) FI98709B (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104437997A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2015-03-25 浙江华祥皮革有限公司 一种涂布机的浆料存放台

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4243518C2 (de) * 1992-12-22 1996-03-28 Feldmuehle Ag Stora Vorrichtungen zum Auftrag von Flüssigkeit auf beide Seiten einer Materialbahn und Verfahren zum Auftrag einer Flüssigkeit auf eine Materialbahn mit diesen Vorrichtungen
DE4402744C2 (de) * 1994-01-31 1997-10-16 Voith Gmbh J M Vorrichtung zum Auftragen von Streichfarbe auf eine Faserstoffbahn
DE19527902B4 (de) * 1995-07-29 2004-02-26 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Auftragsystem für eine Vorrichtung zum Beschichten einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn
EP0757129B1 (de) * 1995-07-29 2001-12-05 Jagenberg Papiertechnik GmbH Auftragsystem für eine Vorrichtung zum Beschichten einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn
DE19627456A1 (de) * 1996-07-08 1998-01-15 Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh Auftragwerk zum direkten Auftragen eines flüssigen oder pastösen Mediums auf eine laufende Materialbahn, insbesondere aus Papier oder Karton
DE29714193U1 (de) * 1997-08-08 1997-10-16 Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH, 89522 Heidenheim Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung einer laufenden Warenbahn
DE19958109A1 (de) * 1999-12-02 2001-06-07 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Vorrichtung zum indirekten Auftragen eines flüssigen oder pastösen Auftragsmediums auf eine laufende Materialbahn, insbesondere aus Papier oder Karton
DE102004039162B4 (de) * 2004-08-11 2013-03-14 Horst Sprenger Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Papier- und Kartonbahnen
CN102302994B (zh) * 2011-08-26 2013-08-28 安徽南澳地毯有限公司 一种地毯用上胶匀整装置
CN115228707B (zh) * 2022-06-22 2023-12-19 杭州林伟工贸有限公司 一种焊接网表面防腐喷塑装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3190261A (en) * 1960-09-28 1965-06-22 Lab For Electronics Inc Control system
DE3145099A1 (de) * 1981-11-13 1983-06-01 Agepan Holzwerkstoffe KG, 6601 Heusweiler Vorrichtung zum auftragen von leim in einer holzwerkstoffplattenfertigung
DE8414413U1 (de) * 1984-05-11 1987-11-19 J.M. Voith Gmbh, 7920 Heidenheim Vorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit auf eine laufende Bahn
DE3585875D1 (de) * 1984-12-24 1992-05-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Verfahren zum steuern der dicke des aus einem fluessigen gemisch von fetten koerpern und wasser bestehenden films in druckmaschinen.
US4957770A (en) * 1989-01-27 1990-09-18 Measurex Corporation Coating weight measuring and control apparatus and method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104437997A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2015-03-25 浙江华祥皮革有限公司 一种涂布机的浆料存放台
CN104437997B (zh) * 2014-09-30 2017-01-11 浙江华祥皮革有限公司 一种涂布机的浆料存放台

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0482309A1 (de) 1992-04-29
FI98709B (fi) 1997-04-30
DE4033521C2 (de) 1994-12-01
FI914948A0 (fi) 1991-10-21
FI914948A (fi) 1992-04-23
ES2075278T3 (es) 1995-10-01
ATE122586T1 (de) 1995-06-15
DE59105512D1 (de) 1995-06-22
DE4033521A1 (de) 1992-04-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0482309B1 (de) Vorrichtung zum beidseitigen Beschichten einer Materialbahn
DE2343869A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur messung einer eigenschaft von folienartigem material
EP0000689A1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überwachung des Feucht-und Farbgleichgewichts bei Offsetdruckwerken
DE19605183A1 (de) Verfahren zur Regelung des Strichgewichtes-Querprofiles
DE69017495T2 (de) Röntgenstrahlfilter und Gerät zur Regelung des Gewichts einer Beschichtung.
DE3908386A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten von materialbahnen, insbesondere von papier- oder kartonbahnen
DE3732934A1 (de) Sensoreinrichtung
DE3217569C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Dosieren der Farbe bei Offsetdruckmaschinen
EP0458035B1 (de) Einrichtung zum Auftragen einer fliessfähigen Auftragsmasse auf laufende Warenbahnen
DE3826516A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum aufbringen einer paste auf ein bandfoermiges gittermaterial
DE19714645A1 (de) Walze für eine Vorrichtung zum Beschichten einer Materialbahn, insbesondere einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn
DE2724919C3 (de) Verfahren zum Messen physikalischer Eigenschaften dünner Körper mit HiUe von Ultrarot-Strahlung, z.B. zur Dickenmessung oder Feuchtigkeitsmessung
DE4237004A1 (de) Verfahren zur Online-Farbregelung von Druckmaschinen
DE202015009603U1 (de) Auftragswerk für Papier-, Karton- oder Tissuebahn
DE3920310A1 (de) Materialbahnspannungsmesser und materialbahnspannungsregler
DE9100291U1 (de) Vorrichtung zum beidseitigen Beschichten einer Materialbahn
DE8414413U1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit auf eine laufende Bahn
EP0268029A2 (de) Verfahren zur Messung von Beschichtungsmengen, insbesondere von Silikon-Beschichtungen auf Papier oder Kunststoffolie
DE4221395C2 (de) Verfahren zum zerstörungsfreien Bestimmen eines mit der breitenbezogenen Bruchkraft korrelierenden Kennwertes an einer laufenden Papierbahn
DE3738983C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Faserstrangs der tabakverarbeitenden Industrie
WO2013037926A1 (de) Messsystem und verfahren zum bestimmen und regeln von flächenbezogenen aufträgen
DE4436582C2 (de) Verfahren zur Regelung einer Feuchtmittelmenge für eine Druckform einer laufenden Offsetrotationsdruckmaschine
DE3410393A1 (de) Laborgeraet zur pruefung des wasseraufnahmevermoegens des feuchttack und des offset-verhaltens von druckfarbe
EP1255103A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren von Stoffdichtesensoren
DE102019103703A1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Beschichtung

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19920306

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19931007

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 122586

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19950615

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
ET Fr: translation filed
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59105512

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19950622

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19950713

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19950831

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19950831

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19950808

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2075278

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19970301

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19970301

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19990713

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19990720

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19990722

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19990722

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19990723

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19990826

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000813

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000813

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000814

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000814

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20000813

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 91113557.2

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20010911

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050813