EP0480890B1 - Mur à planter en terre armé et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Mur à planter en terre armé et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0480890B1
EP0480890B1 EP91830422A EP91830422A EP0480890B1 EP 0480890 B1 EP0480890 B1 EP 0480890B1 EP 91830422 A EP91830422 A EP 91830422A EP 91830422 A EP91830422 A EP 91830422A EP 0480890 B1 EP0480890 B1 EP 0480890B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
geogrid
layer
soil
biomat
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91830422A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0480890A1 (fr
Inventor
Franco Chiccoloni
Antonino Schiliro' Rubino
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
COMES SpA
Original Assignee
COMES SpA
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Publication date
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Priority to AT91830422T priority Critical patent/ATE101891T1/de
Publication of EP0480890A1 publication Critical patent/EP0480890A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0480890B1 publication Critical patent/EP0480890B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reinforced soil vegetative wall and to a method for realizing the same.
  • the invention relates to a wall of the said type, suitable for creating more or less steep walls or embankments where it is necessary to reinforce the structure of the soil within the full respect of the characteristics of the landscape.
  • the innovatory characteristics described in said patent consist in the fact that the front walls of the support grids have an inclination corresponding to that of the steep escarp, in the fact that among the superposed support grids reinforcement members in a geotextile material are arranged, fixed by fasteners, and in the fact that said reinforcement members cover the inserts in correspondence with the horizontal walls of the grids.
  • a process for realizing the said arrangement that provides the realization of a support floor; the arrangement of a first reinforcement thereon; the incorporation of a support grid with the geotextile insert already coupled; the introduction of soil into the grid, compacting it; the realization of another support floor to execute the preceding stages again, and the turning green of the escarp.
  • the structure described in said patent turns out to be very complex in that it provides, besides the geotextile material, a reinforcement indispensable to be able to obtain the necessary strength characteristics.
  • the Applicant with the soluticn suggested according to the present invention intends obviating all the mentioned drawbacks realizing a vegetative wall having a very simple structure, that allows the realization of efficacious anchorages with a reduced length, without having to employ external reinforcements.
  • vegetative wall according to the present inventicn ensures a staticity equal to that deriving from the structures in concrete.
  • This type of solution combines the strength typical of two different materials: the soil and the extruded geogrid.
  • a comparatively great amount of the cheaper and more resistant to compression - soil - is improved in its strength characteristics by the combination with a comparatively small amount of a more costly and much more traction stress resistant material, such as the extruded geogrid.
  • a synergy is so realized between the strength to compression and to traction of the two materials, which improves the global characteristics of the composite material, as occurs with concrete and steel.
  • the extruded geogrid in a plastic material, will have, preferably, openings with a maximum size between 7 and 16 cm and an empty area greater than the 50% of the total.
  • Said presown biomat, in a long decay nonwoven fabric preferably will have the following features:
  • the vegetative wall 1 in reinforced soil comprises a series of superposed horizontal layers 2, each one made up of an extruded geogrid 3, upon which a presown biomat 4 is arranged.
  • an inert material layer 5 of about 15 to 20 cm is distributed onto the base.
  • a temporarary front caisson work is then erected and the geogrid 3 is tentered on the inert material 5, so as to recover it for all the length and the presown biomat 4 is internally deposited onto the same geogrid 3.
  • each layer 2 and therefore the filler material amount to be utilized will be everytime calculated as a function of the characteristics of the slope and of the soil.
  • the extruded geogrid 3 in a plastic material is a particular plane structure made up of a regular arrangement of members resistant to traction, which structure is endowed with openings of a size sufficient to allow the jointing of the surrounding soil, so as to accomplish the functions of reinforcement and/or separation.
  • An extruded geogrid 3 is dimensionally stable, with rigid threads and fixed joints, and this ensures the integrity of the structure and of the geometry of the grid 3 during the laying and the tamping of the soil.
  • the geogrids 3 most used by far have openings with a maximum size comprised between 7 and 16 cm, and an empty area greater than the 50% of the total.
  • the resistance capacity of the geogrid 3 is "utilized" at the moment in which the soil particles push jointing themselves between the longitudinal loop members; the latter transfer the stress, through the junctions, to the adjacent transverse members, which resist to the traction stress.
  • the transfer of the load through the junctions is the mechanism by which the geogrid 3 causes the reinforcement action in the surrounding soil.
  • the extruded geogrid 3 compared with the traditional geotextiles, has shown that: it reacts well to "creep" - a strain under load in time - a phenomenon to which traditional geotextiles, for which, as already mentioned, it is necessary to provide strengthening reinforcements (electrowelded nets; iron rods; tie rods), are on the contrary subject; and it possesses a high resistance to both chemical and physiical agents, such that practically it can be considered very durable in time.
  • the choice of the type and of the amount of geogrid 3 to be utilized is a function of the characteristics of the soil and of the characteristics of the slope.
  • the inner friction angle and the specific weight of the filler soil 6 assumes a peculiar importance; among the characteristics of the slope the height of the slope, the angle of inclination of the outer face, the breaking depth, the overload, etc., are pointed out.
  • the filler material 6 of the layers formed by the geogrid 3 can be of the most different types and even possess poor geomechanical characteristics (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
  • the biomat 4 is made up of a long decay nonwoven fabric mat, comprised of biodegradable fibres made cohesive mechanically by stretching, without employing bonding agents or sizes or sewings, and/or of filaments and a plastics net (Fig. 2).
  • the aforesaid material possesses the following characteristics:
  • the choice of the seeds to be inserted into the mat 4 is based in particular upon the biotechnical aptitudes of the vegetable.
  • Euriecal,perennial species with deep and wide hypogeal apparatuses will be chosen, in order to aggregate the filler material and the geogrids 3 in a compact mass.
  • the characteristics of the placement station such as the climate and the autochtonous vegetation, turn out to be not less important for the choice of the vegetable.
  • the vegetation will reach an optimum- development and the external face will turn out to be entirely turned green and the various constructive handworks will turn out to be obstructed to the view.
  • the vegetation once reached the omeostasis, will be able to live, progress and autonomously reproduce, without any external intervention.
  • the outerest portion of the layers 2 will be occupied by vegetable soil 7 (Fig. 2) so as to create the optimum habitability and nutrition conditions for the development of the vegetation.
  • the easy radication scions or rhyzoms 8, interposed between the layers 2, will ensure, with their developed and deep root apparatus, an aggregation and a further consolidation of the earthy particles, of the filler material 6 and of the geogrid 3 in a stable and compact mass.
  • the vegetative wall according to the present invention allows a support and consolidation embankment to be realized having even considerable slopes, and therefore reduced depth encumbrances, with a completely turned green outer face.
  • the resulting structure besides not requiring a further ordinary maintenance, resists seismic stresses, is perfectly draining and is comprised of unalterable materials.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Mur à planter en terre renforcée, ayant une face frontale inclinée au regard de l'horizontale, realisé par de couches superposées (2), chaque couche ayant une face frontale, inclinée d'un angle correspondant à l'inclinaison de la face frontale du mur, dans lequel chacune desdites couche comprend une geo-grille extrudée (3), placée vis à vis des couches et ayant de parties pliées supérieure et inférieure; une bio-natte pre-semée (4) placée dans ladite geo-grille, au moins en correspondance de sa face frontale; terre végétative (7) arrangée dans la zone frontale de la couche, en proximité de la geo-grille (3) et de la bio-natte (4); et un matériel de remplissage placé derrière ladite terre végétative, caractérisé en ce que ledit mur végétatif comprend une pluralité de files de rhizomes et/ou de boutures, chacune couche étant placée entre la partie la plus extérieure de la partie supérieure, pliée vers l'intérieur, de la geo-grille de chacune couche et la partie la plus extérieure de la partie inférieure, pliée vers l'intérieur, de la couche superposée suivante.
  2. Mur végétatif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite geo-grille extrudée a de ouvertures de dimension maximum entre 7 et 16 cm et un'air vide plus grand du 50% du total.
  3. Mur végétatif selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite bio-natte presemée, d'étoffe non tissue à longue décadence, present le caractéristiques suivantes:
    - poids 750 ÷ 5% g/m²
    - composition:
    fibres vegetales et cellulose   85% en poids
    engrais   3% en poids
    rétenteur liquid   5% en poids
    mélange de graines   7% en poids
  4. Procédé pour la réalization d'un mur végétatif en terre renforcée selon une des revendications précédentes, comprenant les phases de:
    - creusage de deblai du remblai à ouvrager, qui assure une profondeur minime du projet;
    - distribution et roulage d'un matériel inerte jusque à un épaisseur de 15 à 20 cm a la base du creusage;
    - éréction d'un platelage frontal provisoire, ayant la function de confinement, incliné selon les donnés du projet;
    - étalement de la geo-grille extrudé sur l'entiere matériel inerte précédemment comprimé, sur un longueur susceptible d'assurer la suivante couverture du même;
    - mise à contact intime de la bio-natte sur la partie entiere de la geo-grille à plier;
    - stratification du matériel de remplissage et compactage à rouleau du même sur la geo-grille, avec la mise contemporaine de terre végétative dans la partie de la couche, la plus voisine à la face même;
    - pliage de la geo-grille sur le matériel de remplissage selon l'inclinaison de la face extérieure et conformément aux calculs du projet et couchage légere du même dans la partie la plus intérieure, afin de fermer la première couche horizontale;
    - mise d'un file de boutures et/ou de rhizones sur la geo-grille précédemment pliée, dans la partie la plus extérieure;
    - réalisation de la deuxième couche avec la mise de la geo-grille et l'exécution suivante des phases précédentes jusqu'a l'hauteur du projet.
EP91830422A 1990-10-12 1991-10-09 Mur à planter en terre armé et son procédé de fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0480890B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91830422T ATE101891T1 (de) 1990-10-12 1991-10-09 Begruenbare verstaerkte erdwand und verfahren zu deren herstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT4836090 1990-10-12
IT48360A IT1242074B (it) 1990-10-12 1990-10-12 Muro vegetativo in terra rinforzata e procedimento per la sua realizzazione

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0480890A1 EP0480890A1 (fr) 1992-04-15
EP0480890B1 true EP0480890B1 (fr) 1994-02-23

Family

ID=11266098

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91830422A Expired - Lifetime EP0480890B1 (fr) 1990-10-12 1991-10-09 Mur à planter en terre armé et son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0480890B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE101891T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69101235D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1242074B (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995002091A1 (fr) * 1993-07-09 1995-01-19 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Procede simplifie pour la stabilisation de sols
US5658096A (en) * 1994-02-17 1997-08-19 Sytec Bausystm Ag Embankment element for stabilizing or supporting a slope
ES2179710B1 (es) * 1999-06-30 2004-04-01 Teconma, S.A. Muro verde y procedimiento de utilizacion del mismo.
US6893193B2 (en) * 2002-01-30 2005-05-17 B. Lanka Santha Self-anchoring fiber block system
JP6161924B2 (ja) * 2013-03-14 2017-07-12 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 耐震性防潮堤盛土のり面の緑化工法
US9315962B2 (en) 2014-02-24 2016-04-19 B. Lanka Santha Fiber block planting system
IT201600127800A1 (it) * 2017-01-31 2018-07-31 Geoflum Eng Srl Paramento per strutture di rinforzo per terreni, rilevati e fronti di scavo.
US10280578B2 (en) 2017-08-21 2019-05-07 B. Lanka Santha Fiber block system
US10648149B1 (en) 2019-09-26 2020-05-12 B. Lanka Santha Fiber block system
US11965301B2 (en) 2021-11-23 2024-04-23 B. Lanka Santha Fiber sheet system

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0197000A1 (fr) * 1985-03-05 1986-10-08 Fritz Landolt Aktiengesellschaft Elément pour réaliser des pentes raides à planter

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2590291B1 (fr) * 1985-11-21 1988-08-19 Guintoli Freres Moyens de stabilisation des talus en remblai a forte inclinaison
FR2628771B1 (fr) * 1988-03-18 1992-06-12 Inst Textile De France Materiau tridimensionnel pour le renforcement des sols
GB2221134B (en) * 1988-07-30 1992-09-16 Macewan Robert Smillie Laying lawns
US4960349A (en) * 1988-12-05 1990-10-02 Nicolon Corporation Woven geotextile grid

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0197000A1 (fr) * 1985-03-05 1986-10-08 Fritz Landolt Aktiengesellschaft Elément pour réaliser des pentes raides à planter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Polymer Grid Reinforcement., 1985, Thomas Telford Limited, London. * page 200, left column, line 62 - right column, line 28, figures 5-10* page 193, right column, line 1 - page 195, right columnm line 16 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69101235D1 (de) 1994-03-31
IT9048360A1 (it) 1992-04-12
EP0480890A1 (fr) 1992-04-15
ATE101891T1 (de) 1994-03-15
IT9048360A0 (it) 1990-10-12
IT1242074B (it) 1994-02-08

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