EP0479958B1 - Elektromagnetisch betätigbares brennstoffeinspritzventil - Google Patents

Elektromagnetisch betätigbares brennstoffeinspritzventil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0479958B1
EP0479958B1 EP91905793A EP91905793A EP0479958B1 EP 0479958 B1 EP0479958 B1 EP 0479958B1 EP 91905793 A EP91905793 A EP 91905793A EP 91905793 A EP91905793 A EP 91905793A EP 0479958 B1 EP0479958 B1 EP 0479958B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel injection
valve
injection valve
valve according
connecting ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91905793A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0479958A1 (de
Inventor
Ferdinand Reiter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0479958A1 publication Critical patent/EP0479958A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0479958B1 publication Critical patent/EP0479958B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0614—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of electromagnets or fixed armature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0667—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature acting as a valve or having a short valve body attached thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/08—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle specially for low-pressure fuel-injection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
    • Y10S239/90—Electromagnetically actuated fuel injector having ball and seat type valve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetically actuated fuel injector according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • an electromagnetically actuated fuel injection valve is already known, in which a stop pin is arranged in a blind bore of the inner pole which is concentric with the longitudinal axis of the valve.
  • the opening path of the valve needle cooperating with a fixed valve seat, which has the armature at one end and the valve closing body at its other end, is limited by the valve needle bearing against the stop pin with its end face facing away from the valve closing body.
  • the valve needle has a large length, so that the fuel injector has a large construction volume.
  • the large mass of the valve needle also leads to poor dynamic behavior of the fuel injector. If the valve needle is inclined, it cannot be ruled out that there is a risk of deviating opening strokes and jamming of the valve needle due to the large length.
  • the electromagnetically actuated fuel injector according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage of a particularly compact design, since the stop pin protrudes into the through hole of the armature and acts directly on the valve closing body.
  • the light and compact design of the movable valve part thus enabled leads to good dynamic behavior and good endurance behavior of the fuel injector.
  • valve closing body consisting of valve closing body and armature being inclined being subjected to different opening strokes of the valve closing body is prevented by the stop pin lying directly against the valve closing body in the open position.
  • a connecting ring is arranged on the side of the magnet coil facing the armature, which is tightly connected at its inner opening to the inner pole. This ensures that no fuel can reach the solenoid between the inner pole and the connecting ring.
  • the connecting ring is tightly connected on its periphery to a valve jacket of the fuel injector, so that the magnet coil is completely sealed off from the fuel and does not come into contact with it.
  • the connecting ring has an L-shaped cross-section to form an annular chamber on the side of the magnet coil facing the armature, so that the radially extending side faces through a coil carrier part of the magnet coil and through an annular shoulder of the connecting ring and the axially extending ones Side surfaces are formed by the circumference of the connecting ring and by a longitudinal opening of the valve jacket.
  • a sealing ring is arranged in the annular chamber. In this way, a safe and reliable seal is formed between the connecting ring and the valve jacket and thus the solenoid against the fuel.
  • the connecting ring is formed from a non-magnetic material having a high specific electrical resistance, so that the influence of the connecting ring on the magnetic field is very small and the occurrence of additional eddy current losses is prevented.
  • the connecting ring is formed from a ceramic material which is both non-magnetic and has a high specific electrical resistance.
  • the armature is connected directly to the valve closing body designed as a ball, so that there is a particularly light and compact movable valve part which can be produced in a simple manner.
  • a low mass of the movable valve part enables good dynamic behavior and good endurance behavior of the fuel injector.
  • a flange is formed on the end of the inner pole facing the valve closing body, which flange its periphery is tightly connected to the connecting ring.
  • the stepped inner pole which only has the blind hole for receiving the stop pin, enables a small cross section of the inner pole, limited to the magnetic requirements, so that a high magnetic force occurs when the solenoid coil is excited, with the resulting small coil diameter and a large pole area of the inner pole.
  • the stepped inner pole also contributes to the compact design of the fuel injector.
  • At least one non-magnetic one that determines the stroke of the valve closing body Spacer is arranged.
  • the at least one non-magnetic spacer enables simple adjustment of the stroke of the valve closing body and thus the dynamic fuel quantity of the fuel injector sprayed during the opening and closing stroke of the valve closing body, without the risk that the magnetic circuit is influenced by the spacer.
  • the spacer is made of a ceramic material that is non-magnetic.
  • annular housing cover is arranged above the magnetic coil in the radial direction between the valve casing and the inner pole, which is connected on the outside to the valve casing and on the inside with the inner pole, so that there is a safe upper termination of the fuel injector.
  • the housing cover is formed from deep-drawn ferritic sheet metal and has punched bushings for contact tabs contacting the solenoid coil, so that the housing cover can be constructed simply and inexpensively.
  • the annular housing cover has a U-shaped cross section, the bottom of which faces the solenoid.
  • a tubular filling part is arranged on the circumference of the stop pin protruding from the blind hole of the inner pole, which serves to guide the return spring and reduces the space through which fuel flows upstream of the spray openings.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a fuel injector designed according to the invention.
  • the electromagnetically actuated fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of mixed-compression spark-ignition internal combustion engines has a stepped inner pole 1 made of ferromagnetic material, which is partially surrounded by a magnet coil 2 in a coil section 9.
  • a flange 4 is formed, which has a blind hole 6 concentric with a longitudinal valve axis 5 having.
  • the stepped shape of the inner pole 1 enables a small cross-section of the coil section 9 of the inner pole 1, which is limited to the magnetic requirements, so that the diameter of the magnet coil 2 can be kept small and the fuel injector can thereby be made compact.
  • the magnet coil 2 with its coil support part 7 is surrounded by a valve jacket 8 which extends in the axial direction beyond the flange 4 of the inner pole 1.
  • a valve jacket 8 which extends in the axial direction beyond the flange 4 of the inner pole 1.
  • an annular housing cover 10 is arranged above the magnetic coil 2 in the radial direction between the inner pole 4 and the valve jacket 8, the housing cover 10 being connected on the outside to the valve jacket 8 and on the inside to the inner pole 1, for example by welding or soldering is, so that there is a safe upper termination of the fuel injector.
  • the housing cover 10 is, for. B. formed from deep-drawn ferritic sheet metal and has punched bushings 11, through the contact tabs 12 which, starting from an electrical connector 14 electrically contact the solenoid 2. With a bottom 15, the annular housing cover 10, which has a U-shaped cross section, faces the magnet coil 2 or the coil carrier part 7.
  • a nozzle carrier 18 protrudes with an upper flange section 19 into an end of a longitudinal opening 20 of the valve jacket 8 which is formed concentrically with the valve longitudinal axis 5 and faces away from the housing cover 10 .
  • the nozzle holder 18 facing away from the magnet coil 2 has a nozzle body 22 which, with the nozzle holder 18 facing away from the magnet coil 2 End face 23 z. B. is connected by welding.
  • the nozzle body 22 has, for. B. two spray orifices 26, which are formed downstream of a fixed valve seat 27.
  • the armature 30 is directly connected to a spherical valve closing body 31, for example by welding or soldering, which is connected to the valve seat 27 interacts.
  • the compact and very light movable valve part consisting of the tubular armature 30 and the valve closing body 31 designed as a ball not only enables good fuel behavior and good endurance behavior of the fuel injector, but also a particularly short and compact design of the fuel injector.
  • a guide ring 33 which is made of a non-magnetic, for example ceramic material, is arranged on the end facing away from the nozzle body 22 on a holding shoulder 32 of the receiving opening 21 , so that the magnetic field of the fuel injector is not affected.
  • the guide ring 33 is connected to the holding shoulder 32 of the nozzle carrier 18 by means of soldering, for example.
  • the circumference of the armature 30 is provided with a wear protection layer at least in the area touched by the guide ring 33 during the lifting movement of the movable valve part.
  • the guide ring 33 is narrow in the axial direction and has a guide opening 39 which is concentric with the valve longitudinal axis 5 and through which the armature 30 projects with little play.
  • the tubular armature 30 has in its stepped through bore 34 at its end facing away from the inner pole 1 a spring shoulder 35 on which one end of a return spring 36 is supported, the other end of which rests against an end face 37 of the flange 4 of the inner pole 1.
  • a stop pin 38 is arranged, which projects into the through hole 34 of the armature 30.
  • the valve closing body 31 bears against an end face 41 of the stop pin 38, so that the opening stroke of the valve closing body 31 is limited in a simple manner.
  • not only the valve closing body 31, but also at least the end face 41 of the stop pin 38 have a hardened surface with a high surface quality.
  • the spherical valve closing body 31 is slidably mounted in a sliding bore 40 formed upstream of the valve seat 27 in the nozzle body 22.
  • the wall of the sliding bore 40 is interrupted by fuel channels 42, which allow fuel flow from the receiving bore 21 to the valve seat 27.
  • a connecting ring 43 is arranged in the radial direction between the inner pole 1 and the valve jacket 8 and is made of a non-magnetic material having a high specific electrical resistance, for example an austenitic steel or a ceramic material is. So the influence of the connecting ring 43 on the magnetic field of the fuel injection valve can be kept very low and prevent the occurrence of additional eddy current losses.
  • the connecting ring 43 is concentric with the circumference, for example by soldering of the valve longitudinal axis 5 extending longitudinal opening 20 of the valve jacket 8 and at its inner opening 45 tightly connected to the circumference of the flange 4 of the inner pole 1. This prevents the magnet coil 2 from coming into contact with the fuel.
  • At least one non-magnetic spacer 48 is arranged in the axial direction between the connecting ring 43 and the flange section 19 at the end of the nozzle carrier 18 facing the magnet coil 2.
  • the axial dimension 49 of the spacer 48 determines the stroke of the valve closing body 31 and thus the dynamic fuel quantity of the fuel injection valve sprayed off during the opening and closing process.
  • a carrier ring 52 is arranged directly on the flange section 19, which for assembly is mounted over a retaining shoulder 28 which is formed on the circumference of the nozzle body 18 at its end facing the end face 23 is formed in two parts in the axial direction.
  • the carrier ring 52 has a fuel filter 53, via which fuel can flow from a fuel source to transverse openings 54 which penetrate the wall of the nozzle carrier 18 in such a way that fuel flow into the interior space enclosed by the receiving bore 21 to the valve seat 27 is made possible.
  • At least part of the valve jacket 8 and completely the housing cover 10 are enclosed by a plastic sheath 50, to which the electrical connector 14 is also formed, via which the electrical contacting and thus the excitation of the solenoid coil 2 takes place.
  • the plastic sheathing 50 can be achieved by pouring or overmolding with plastic.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which the same and equivalent parts are identified by essentially the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • the connecting ring 43 arranged on the side of the magnet coil 2 facing the nozzle carrier 18 has an L -shaped cross-section and is tightly connected at its inner opening 45 to the circumference of the flange 4 of the inner pole 1, for example by soldering. With its annular shoulder 64, the connecting ring 43 rests on the end face 65 of the spacer 48 facing the magnet coil 2.
  • the connecting ring 43 is e.g. made of an austenitic steel or a ceramic material, so that the influence of the connecting ring 43 on the magnetic field is very small due to the non-magnetic, high electrical resistance material of the connecting ring 43.
  • An annular chamber 66 is formed in the axial direction between the coil carrier part 7 of the magnet coil 2 and the spacer 48 by means of the connecting ring 43 which has the outward L-shaped cross-sectional shape.
  • the radially extending side surfaces of the annular chamber 66 are formed by an end face 68 of the coil carrier part 7 and by an end face 69 of the annular shoulder 64 of the connecting ring 43 facing the magnet coil 2, and the axially extending side faces by the circumference of the connecting ring 43 and through the longitudinal opening 20 of the valve jacket 8 .
  • a sealing ring 70 is arranged in the annular chamber 66 between the valve jacket 8 and the connecting ring 43, so that a simple, safe and reliable sealing of the magnetic coil 2 is ensured.
  • a tubular, for example hollow cylindrical filler part 75 is arranged on the circumference of the stop pin 38 protruding from the blind hole 6 of the inner pole 1.
  • the filling part 75 is, for example, by means of a reduction in cross section 76 of the selection pin 38 is held on the stop pin 38 and is produced, for example, by extrusion-coating the stop pin 38 with a plastic.
  • the filling part 75 it is also possible for the filling part 75 to be held on the stop pin 38 by means of a latching or snap connection.
  • the filling part 75 serves to reduce the volume filled with fuel upstream of the valve seat 27.
  • the nozzle body 22 is mounted from the side facing away from the holding shoulder 60 in the receiving bore 21 of the nozzle carrier 18 in such a way that an end face 61 of the nozzle body 22 facing away from the valve closing body 31 bears against the holding shoulder 60 and is connected thereto, for example by welding.
  • the dynamic fuel quantity sprayed off during the opening and closing stroke is adjusted by changing the stroke of the valve closing body 31 by means of at least one spacer 48 arranged in the axial direction between the connecting ring 43 and the flange section 19 of the nozzle carrier 18.
  • valve jacket 8 engages around the flange section 19 at its end facing away from the housing cover 10 and with its reduced cross section having end portion 77 is firmly and reliably connected by flanging with the flange portion 19.
  • the flange section 19 is designed to taper towards the transverse openings 54 in the direction of the longitudinal valve axis 5.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention with the stop pin 38 which is arranged centrally in the inner pole 1 and protrudes into the through hole 34 of the tubular armature 30 and against which the valve closing body 31 rests in the open position of the fuel injector, enables a particularly short and compact design of the fuel injector.
  • the direct connection of the tubular armature 30 with the valve closing body 31 designed as a ball leads to a particularly compact and lightweight movable valve part consisting of armature 30 and valve closing body 31, so that the fuel injection valve has good dynamic behavior and good endurance behavior.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
EP91905793A 1990-04-30 1991-03-22 Elektromagnetisch betätigbares brennstoffeinspritzventil Expired - Lifetime EP0479958B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4013832A DE4013832A1 (de) 1990-04-30 1990-04-30 Elektromagnetisch betaetigbares brennstoffeinspritzventil
DE4013832 1990-04-30
PCT/DE1991/000250 WO1991017356A1 (de) 1990-04-30 1991-03-22 Elektromagnetisch betätigbares brennstoffeinspritzventil

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0479958A1 EP0479958A1 (de) 1992-04-15
EP0479958B1 true EP0479958B1 (de) 1995-07-05

Family

ID=6405423

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91905793A Expired - Lifetime EP0479958B1 (de) 1990-04-30 1991-03-22 Elektromagnetisch betätigbares brennstoffeinspritzventil

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5222673A (ko)
EP (1) EP0479958B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2851426B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR100202218B1 (ko)
DE (2) DE4013832A1 (ko)
ES (1) ES2074711T3 (ko)
WO (1) WO1991017356A1 (ko)

Families Citing this family (19)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4137994C2 (de) * 1991-11-19 1999-06-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektromagnetisch betätigbares Einspritzventil mit einem Düsenträger und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Düsenträgers eines Einspritzventils
DE4310719C2 (de) * 1993-04-01 2002-09-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Magnetkreises für ein Ventil
JPH0849624A (ja) * 1994-06-01 1996-02-20 Zexel Corp 電磁式燃料噴射弁の燃料侵入防止装置
DE4432525A1 (de) * 1994-09-13 1996-03-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Magnetkreises für ein Ventil
US5625946A (en) * 1995-05-19 1997-05-06 Siemens Automotive Corporation Armature guide for an electromechanical fuel injector and method of assembly
US5626325A (en) * 1995-09-14 1997-05-06 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. High pressure control valve for a fuel injection system
US5704553A (en) * 1995-10-30 1998-01-06 Wieczorek; David P. Compact injector armature valve assembly
US5947442A (en) * 1997-09-10 1999-09-07 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Solenoid actuated valve assembly
GB2365494B (en) * 1997-12-19 2002-05-15 Caterpillar Inc A solenoid assembly
US6105884A (en) * 1999-09-15 2000-08-22 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Fuel injector with molded plastic valve guides
US6371383B1 (en) * 2000-09-05 2002-04-16 Siemens Automotive Corporation Weld joint design for an armature/ball assembly for a fuel injector
US20020070296A1 (en) * 2000-09-13 2002-06-13 Perry Robert B. Method of assembling a fuel injector
DE102005019837A1 (de) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffeinspritzventil und Verfahren zu dessen Montage
US20090057446A1 (en) * 2007-08-29 2009-03-05 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Low pressure fuel injector nozzle
US7669789B2 (en) * 2007-08-29 2010-03-02 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Low pressure fuel injector nozzle
US20090090794A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Low pressure fuel injector
US20090200403A1 (en) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-13 David Ling-Shun Hung Fuel injector
US9212639B2 (en) * 2012-11-02 2015-12-15 Caterpillar Inc. Debris robust fuel injector with co-axial control valve members and fuel system using same
DE102015224177A1 (de) * 2015-12-03 2017-06-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraftstoffinjektor mit Steuerventil

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US3001757A (en) * 1958-04-09 1961-09-26 Chrysler Corp Magnetic fuel injection nozzle
US3731880A (en) * 1971-10-08 1973-05-08 Gen Motors Corp Ball valve electromagnetic fuel injector
US4130095A (en) * 1977-07-12 1978-12-19 General Motors Corporation Fuel control system with calibration learning capability for motor vehicle internal combustion engine
IT1122430B (it) * 1979-08-03 1986-04-23 Alfa Romeo Spa Elettroiniettore a transitori rapidi
US4306683A (en) * 1980-07-21 1981-12-22 General Motors Corporation Electromagnetic fuel injector with adjustable armature spring
ATE17883T1 (de) * 1981-04-29 1986-02-15 Solex Uk Ltd Eine elektromagnetische f luessigkeitseinspritzvorrichtung und ein einzelpunktkraftstoffeinspritzsystem fuer eine verbrennungskraftmaschine.
US4621772A (en) * 1985-05-06 1986-11-11 General Motors Corporation Electromagnetic fuel injector with thin orifice director plate
DE3522225A1 (de) * 1985-06-21 1987-01-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit ausgleichsfeder
US4655396A (en) * 1985-09-25 1987-04-07 United Technologies Diesel Systems, Inc. Electromagnetic fuel injector
DE3704541A1 (de) * 1987-02-13 1988-09-01 Vdo Schindling Kraftstoff-einspritzventil
US4887769A (en) * 1987-06-26 1989-12-19 Hitachi, Ltd. Electromagnetic fuel injection valve
DE3833079A1 (de) * 1988-09-29 1990-04-05 Siemens Ag Einspritzventil mit elektrodynamischem antrieb
DE3841010A1 (de) * 1988-12-06 1990-06-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektromagnetisch betaetigbares ventil
US5054691A (en) * 1989-11-03 1991-10-08 Industrial Technology Research Institute Fuel oil injector with a floating ball as its valve unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2851426B2 (ja) 1999-01-27
DE59105921D1 (de) 1995-08-10
KR920702751A (ko) 1992-10-06
WO1991017356A1 (de) 1991-11-14
KR100202218B1 (ko) 1999-06-15
DE4013832A1 (de) 1991-10-31
JPH04507125A (ja) 1992-12-10
US5222673A (en) 1993-06-29
ES2074711T3 (es) 1995-09-16
EP0479958A1 (de) 1992-04-15

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