EP0478744A1 - Verfahren zur reinigung von abgasen, insbesondere aus abfallverbrennungsanlagen. - Google Patents
Verfahren zur reinigung von abgasen, insbesondere aus abfallverbrennungsanlagen.Info
- Publication number
- EP0478744A1 EP0478744A1 EP91907737A EP91907737A EP0478744A1 EP 0478744 A1 EP0478744 A1 EP 0478744A1 EP 91907737 A EP91907737 A EP 91907737A EP 91907737 A EP91907737 A EP 91907737A EP 0478744 A1 EP0478744 A1 EP 0478744A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- adsorber
- gas
- regeneration
- exhaust gas
- adsorption
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for cleaning
- Oxygen-containing with S0 2 , HCl, NO ⁇ and at least one heavy metal and possibly other toxic gases, especially furans and dioxins, contaminated exhaust gases, in particular from waste incineration plants, using regenerable adsorption materials.
- the separation of the mercury in the gaseous state from the exhaust gas is problematic in the dry and wet processes. This separation is not possible with dry sorption processes, or at least not reliably possible with wet washing.
- PCDD / PCDF recombinates which, together with the undestroyed dioxins and furans, gradually lead to a concentration of these highly toxic pollutants in the exhaust gas.
- the landfill of the oven coke loaded with pollutants would remain, which, however, further increases the amount of waste products to be landfilled.
- DE 34 26 059 A1 discloses a process with which organic pollutants, in particular dioxins and furans, are to be removed from the flue gas by adsorption. It is assumed that other pollutants, such as SO and heavy metals, are also separated during this separation.
- the activated carbon or activated coke used for absorption is subjected to a normal regeneration with inert gases in the temperature range of about 350-750 ° C.
- the desorption gas withdrawn from the regeneration and contaminated with the pollutants is heated to a temperature of from over 1000 ° C. to about 1400 ° C. This is intended to exceed the cleavage temperature for the dioxins and furans, so that they are reliably decomposed.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for cleaning flue gases of the type specified above, in which no waste materials to be deposited are incurred and which can be carried out economically.
- the exhaust gas is passed through a first adsorber and thereby freed from S0 2 , the heavy metal and other toxic gases.
- the loading adsorbent material of the first adsorber becomes an oxygen-free one. subject to first regeneration *
- the gas released during the first regeneration is fed to a second oxygen-free adsorber, the heavy metal Hg adsorbing and thus being separated from the SO, which is not adsorbed.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF NH 3 is added to the exhaust gas before and / or during denitrification.
- the denitrification is expediently carried out using a special activated coke.
- the NO ⁇ is reduced catalytically under the influence of NH 3 , so that the gas introduced into the atmosphere is largely free of pollutants.
- the use of an activated coke regeneration reactor for denitrification has the advantage that the denitrification reactor takes on the function of a "police filter" if, due to a fault in the upstream reactors, exhaust gas contaminated with the already adsorbed pollutants should get into the denitrification reactor. This even applies to traces of dioxins and furans, which are adsorbed in the activated coke of the denitrification reactor.
- the dioxins and furans which are possibly adsorbed are destroyed during the regeneration from time to time.
- the rest of the regeneration gas which may then be loaded with HCL and SO, can be introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the first filter. If a small amount of activated coke is continuously discharged from the denitrification reactor, this benefits the denitrification performance of the activated coke bed, since the shifting results in aerodynamic advantages.
- the adsorption material loaded with pollutants is fed to a thermal regeneration.
- the H 2 SO A present in the pore structure of the adsorption material, in particular activated coke is converted back to S0 2 and removed in the rich gas, which is a mixture of inert heating gas and the pollutants which have been converted back to gas, if in a preferred embodiment the loaded adsorption material is heated by a hot inert gas.
- the desorbed mercury is also contained in gaseous form in the rich gas.
- the inert heating gas preferably passes through in countercurrent at an inlet temperature of over 550 ° C., in particular at 650 ° C.
- the heating gas In order to set the heating gas to the desired temperature, it can be mixed with the rich gas emerging from the regeneration at about 325 ° C.
- the Reich ⁇ by varying amount of gas fed back and the inert gas admixed w ill, the most favorable value for the material recycling S0 2 content be set in the rich gas.
- the heating gas convectively heats up the adsorptive material loaded with pollutants - which, thanks to the good heat transfer when the heating gas is countercurrent, leads to relatively short desorption times and low energy consumption.
- the adsorbent material loaded with pollutants is heated with a heating gas at about 650 ° C. and the residence time of the adsorbent material in the. first regeneration stage of more than half an hour, preferably more than one hour, the dioxins and furans adhering to the adsorbent material are completely destroyed. Since the regeneration is carried out free of oxygen, no PCDD / PCDF recombines can form.
- the regenerated adsorption material can be returned to the first adsorber for reuse.
- the small quantities of adsorptive material consumed are supplemented by freshly supplied adsorbent material.
- the processing of the pollutants extracted from the flue gas is accordingly carried out with the adsorbers in such a way that all pollutants can be recovered as valuable materials.
- the activated coke which is preferably used is passed in a cycle between constant adsorption and regeneration.
- concentration by the combustion of contaminated coal or the like cannot take place, since the combustion of adsorption materials is not intended.
- the adsorption material loaded with the heavy metal, in particular mercury, is drawn off from the second adsorber and is preferably fed to a special regeneration for the recovery of the heavy metals.
- a regeneration for example, the mercury from the activated coke is desorbed with the aid of a heating gas with an inlet temperature of over 550 ° C., in particular at 650 ° C.
- the desorption gas is condensed so that the heavy metals are obtained in metallic form in this way. After the condensate has been cleaned, reusable mercury is available, for example.
- the regenerated activated coke can be used again for adsorption.
- the pollutants in the waste gas of the waste incineration plant are not only reliably separated from the waste gas, but the pollutants are largely converted into marketable products. Landfilling is not necessary.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF This also applies to the airborne dust that occurs during dedusting. This can be heated to a temperature of ⁇ 1200 ° C. At this temperature, the heavy metals evaporate and heavy metal salts are formed. These substances can be filtered off and then smelted. The fiber is vitrified to inert material, which, for. B. can be used in road construction.
- the Hg contained in the exhaust gas from the heating of the flying dust is problematic.
- this exhaust gas is mixed with the raw gas from the waste incineration plant.
- the mercury ends up in a landfill with the other reaction products.
- the exhaust gas can be passed through a quencher enriched with H 3 in front of the first adsorber after passing through a first filter for separating fly dust.
- the S0 3 forms ammonium salts with the NH, which are adsorbed in the first adsorber.
- the NH 3 is added to the exhaust gas before the filter provided for the separation of flying dust. The ammonium salts formed in this way can then be removed from the exhaust gas with the dust and thermally destroyed during the processing of the dust.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a method for cleaning exhaust gases and recovering valuable materials
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration for a plant for recovering valuable materials that is operated separately from a special cleaning plant.
- a pre-cleaned gas 8 emerges from the adsorber 6, from which the HCl is used in a process step 9 for the production of hydrochloric acid or NaCl.
- the gas 10 which contains almost only NO x and has a temperature below 70 ° C., is heated to approximately 120 ° C. by means of a heat exchanger 11.
- the heat exchanger 11 is connected to the heat exchanger 5 via a line 12.
- an admixture 13 of NH 3 takes place in the form of ammonia water.
- the gas 10 mixed with NH 3 is fed to a denitrification reactor 14 which is filled with activated coke 15. Behind the denitrification reactor 14 there is a blower 16 which draws in the gas 1, 8, 10 and guides clean gas 17 to a chimney (not shown here).
- the line 12 which connects the two heat exchangers 5 and 11 to one another, has a branch 18, via which a partial heat
- REPLACEMENT LEAF can be passed for process step 9 for the production of hydrochloric acid or Na.
- Rich gas 24 emerges from the regenerator 20, in which S0 2 and H are contained.
- the rich gas 24 is passed through a second adsorption 25, whereby 24 Hg is adsorbed from the rich gas.
- the second adsorption 25 is carried out with activated coke 26, on which the mercury is deposited.
- the gas 27 leaving the second adsorber 25 has SO 2 in a concentrated form, so that sulfur products can advantageously be produced therefrom.
- the separated with the electrostatic filter 3 from the exhaust gas 1 flight dust 4 is fed to a melting furnace 32. Behind the melting furnace 32 suitable heavy metals 33 and z. glass-like granules 34 which can be used for road construction
- the active coke 26 loaded in the third adsorption 36 is brought into the second regenerator 29 and regenerated.
- HCl and HF on the other hand pass through the adsorber 6 so that the pre-cleaned gas 8 contains only HCl and HF apart from N0 X.
- the exclusion of HCl and HF is achieved by the fact that the countercurrent flow of the exhaust gas 1 by the by migrating down Aktivkoksbett the S0 2, HCI and HF displaces the adsorber slowly from the top again and again, so that ultimately no HCl and HF can be adsorbed by the activated coke .dauerhaft.
- the regenerated activated coke 7, which is free of pollutants, is exchanged with loaded. Activated coke 7 again fed to the adsorber 6.
- the rich gas 24 leaving the regenerator 20 essentially contains S0 2 and Hg. This rich gas 24 is fed to the second adsorption 25, which is operated free of oxygen. Due to the oxygen-free operation, none can with the S0 2
- the mercury-containing active coke 26 of the second adsorption 25 is operated in the second regeneration 29, which is also oxygen-free
- the mercury is desorbed.
- the desorption gas is then condensed to obtain Hg in metallic form. After cleaning the condensate, usable mercury is available
- the activated coke 26 regenerated in the second regeneration 29 is fed back to the second adsorption 25 at least partly in exchange with the loaded active coke 26.
- the exhaust gas 1 becomes behind the waste incineration plant 2 with the help of the electrostatic filter 3. Dust 4 separated. This is heated in the melting furnace 32 to a temperature of about 1200 ° C or higher.
- the heavy metals contained in the flying dust 4 evaporate and form heavy metal salts which can be fed to smelting.
- the dietary fibers are vitrified into a glass-like granulate 34. Due to its volatility, the mercury adhering to the flying dust does not form any heavy metal salts in the melting furnace 32 and is discharged from the melting furnace 32 with the exhaust gas 35. In the exhaust gas 35 there are also dioxins and furans, which were not destroyed due to a short residence time in the melting furnace 32, possibly also PCDD and PCDF recombines.
- the second regeneration 29 and the adsorbers 25 and 36 are relatively small and compact in relation to the regeneration 20 and the adsorber 6, since the amounts of activated coke used in them and the gas volume flows that are passed through the adsorbers 25 and 36 are in relation to the volume flow of the Exhaust 1 are small.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF Pollutants are separated by multiple adsorption and regeneration and salable products can be produced from them.
- FIG. 2 The illustration in FIG. 2 is based on the same method steps as are described with reference to FIG. 1. An essential difference, however, is that the actual waste incineration plant 2 with the downstream cleaning plant for the exhaust gas 1 is not directly connected to a recycling plant 40.
- the loaded activated coke * of one or more waste incineration plants 2 and of other exhaust gas purification plants 41 and, for example, of a small power plant 42, a decontamination of floors 43, an industrial boiler 44 or industrial process gas 45 are fed to the recycling plant 40.
- the recycling plant 40 is thus shared by several smaller plants, in which the construction of a recycling plant 40 is not worthwhile from an economic point of view.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4012887A DE4012887A1 (de) | 1990-04-23 | 1990-04-23 | Verfahren zur reinigung von abgasen, insbesondere aus abfallverbrennungsanlagen |
DE4012887 | 1990-04-23 | ||
PCT/DE1991/000314 WO1991016122A1 (de) | 1990-04-23 | 1991-04-13 | Verfahren zur reinigung von abgasen, insbesondere aus abfallverbrennungsanlagen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0478744A1 true EP0478744A1 (de) | 1992-04-08 |
EP0478744B1 EP0478744B1 (de) | 1996-08-14 |
Family
ID=6404898
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91907737A Expired - Lifetime EP0478744B1 (de) | 1990-04-23 | 1991-04-13 | Verfahren zur reinigung von abgasen, insbesondere aus abfallverbrennungsanlagen |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0478744B1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR920702632A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE141182T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU7651291A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2059281A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4012887A1 (de) |
HU (1) | HU210398B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1991016122A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007020146A1 (de) | 2007-04-26 | 2008-10-30 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Reinigung und Oxidation eines Chlorwasserstoff enthaltenden Gases |
DE102007020444A1 (de) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-06 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Oxidation eines Chlorwasserstoffenthaltenden Gasgemisches |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4120277A1 (de) * | 1991-06-19 | 1992-12-24 | Krupp Polysius Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von abgasen aus ofenanlagen |
DE4127075A1 (de) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-02-18 | Nymic Anstalt | Verfahren zum reinigen von belasteten abgasen von verbrennungsanlagen |
DE4342669A1 (de) * | 1993-12-15 | 1995-06-22 | Bfi Entsorgungstech | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verwertung eines bei einer Vergasung von Kohlenstoff enthaltenden Materialien anfallenden Gases und darin enthaltener Verunreinigungen |
DE4425471A1 (de) * | 1994-07-19 | 1996-01-25 | Fpr Holding Ag | Verfahren zum Reinigen von Abgasen |
DE4431558C2 (de) * | 1994-09-05 | 2002-01-17 | Krupp Uhde Gmbh | Verfahren zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Verbrennungsabgasen |
DE10338752B9 (de) * | 2003-08-23 | 2006-06-29 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung von polyhalogenierten Verbindungen in Verbrennungsanlagen |
CN103611516B (zh) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-09-02 | 中电投远达环保工程有限公司 | 可连续走料的活性焦烟气脱硫再生装置及其控制方法 |
CN108219857B (zh) * | 2018-02-02 | 2021-04-06 | 绍兴亮点信息科技有限公司 | 一种焦炉烟尘治理工艺 |
CN109794135A (zh) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-05-24 | 北京科技大学 | 基于余热利用的烟气多污染物吸附脱除及资源化方法 |
CN109794137B (zh) * | 2019-01-15 | 2021-04-16 | 北京科技大学 | 一种吸附净化并富集回收烟气氮氧化物的方法及系统 |
CN110755999B (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-02-05 | 山东大学 | 一种全流程流态化活性焦脱汞回收工艺及系统 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3426059A1 (de) * | 1984-07-14 | 1986-01-16 | Hugo Petersen Gesellschaft für verfahrenstechnischen Anlagenbau mbH & Co KG, 6200 Wiesbaden | Verfahren zur abscheidung und beseitigung von organischen schadstoffen, insbesondere von polychlorierten dibenzodioxinen (pcdd) aus rauchgasen |
DE3601917A1 (de) * | 1986-01-23 | 1987-07-30 | Taetzner Wolfgang | Verfahren fuer die reinigung von rauchgasen |
DE3706131A1 (de) * | 1987-02-26 | 1988-09-08 | Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag | Verfahren zur entfernung von schadstoffen aus rauchgas |
DE3723381A1 (de) * | 1987-07-15 | 1989-01-26 | Krantz H Gmbh & Co | Verfahren zum entfernen von staub und flugasche sowie schwefeloxiden und stickstoffoxiden aus rauchgasen |
DE3844422A1 (de) * | 1988-12-30 | 1990-07-05 | Steag Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abtrennen unerwuenschter bestandteile aus einem abgas |
DE3919124A1 (de) * | 1989-06-12 | 1990-01-18 | Haji Javad Mehdi Dr Ing | Verfahren zur abscheidung von polyzylkischen kohlenwasserstoffen und schwermetallen aus abgasen |
-
1990
- 1990-04-23 DE DE4012887A patent/DE4012887A1/de active Granted
-
1991
- 1991-04-13 HU HU914082A patent/HU210398B/hu unknown
- 1991-04-13 WO PCT/DE1991/000314 patent/WO1991016122A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1991-04-13 CA CA002059281A patent/CA2059281A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-04-13 AU AU76512/91A patent/AU7651291A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-04-13 DE DE59108071T patent/DE59108071D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-13 AT AT91907737T patent/ATE141182T1/de active
- 1991-04-13 KR KR1019910701880A patent/KR920702632A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-04-13 EP EP91907737A patent/EP0478744B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9116122A1 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007020146A1 (de) | 2007-04-26 | 2008-10-30 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Reinigung und Oxidation eines Chlorwasserstoff enthaltenden Gases |
DE102007020444A1 (de) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-06 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Oxidation eines Chlorwasserstoffenthaltenden Gasgemisches |
EP1992592A2 (de) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-19 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Verfahren zur Oxidation eines Chlorwasserstoff enthaltenden Gasgemisches |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59108071D1 (de) | 1996-09-19 |
HU914082D0 (en) | 1992-03-30 |
KR920702632A (ko) | 1992-10-06 |
DE4012887C2 (de) | 1992-07-16 |
ATE141182T1 (de) | 1996-08-15 |
CA2059281A1 (en) | 1991-10-24 |
AU7651291A (en) | 1991-11-11 |
DE4012887A1 (de) | 1991-10-31 |
WO1991016122A1 (de) | 1991-10-31 |
EP0478744B1 (de) | 1996-08-14 |
HU210398B (en) | 1995-04-28 |
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