EP0468577A2 - Installation à productivité élevée pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique en général - Google Patents

Installation à productivité élevée pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique en général Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0468577A2
EP0468577A2 EP91201869A EP91201869A EP0468577A2 EP 0468577 A2 EP0468577 A2 EP 0468577A2 EP 91201869 A EP91201869 A EP 91201869A EP 91201869 A EP91201869 A EP 91201869A EP 0468577 A2 EP0468577 A2 EP 0468577A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plant
conjugate
mould parts
press
die
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91201869A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0468577A3 (en
EP0468577B1 (fr
Inventor
Lodovico Bardelli
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Mass SpA
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Mass SpA
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
    • B28B5/04—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping in moulds moved in succession past one or more shaping stations

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a plant for manufacturing ceramic tiles in general.
  • the invention is suitable for forming so-called pressure-glazed tiles, or more generally multi-component tiles such as so-called grained tiles, although there is nothing to prevent it being used for forming materials which do not require glazing, such as fine porcelained stoneware and the like.
  • moulds of various types are used, all comprising the following components.
  • An intermediate plate or die plate with at least one forming cavity for containing atomized clay (with the possible addition of an upper layer of powered ceramic glaze), a lower plate provided upperly with a die to define the bottom of said at least one cavity, and an upper plate provided on its underside with a die which cooperates with the lower die when forming the tiles.
  • the first two ie the die plate and lower plate, are positioned on the bed of a convenient ceramic press, whereas the third element or upper plate is associated with the vertically movable cross-member of the press.
  • At least one carriage situated to the side of the press is used to load the clay (and possibly an overlying layer of powdered ceramic glaze) into the mould forming cavity or cavities.
  • Said at least one carriage is driven with horizontal to-and-fro motion parallel to the upper face of said die plate, such that during its forward travel it fills said cavity or cavities, whereas during its withdrawal travel it levels off the material previously deposited in said cavity or cavities.
  • said charging system has operating limits which cannot be overcome, this being in strict contrast with modern manufacturing cycles, which are characterised by a very high production rate.
  • the carriage also has to be driven at relatively low speed to enable it to discharge the previously formed tile, and also because tiles which has just been formed are particularly sensitive to impact and vibration, especially when of large format.
  • the main object of the present invention is to satisfy said requirement within the context of a rational and reliable structure.
  • a plurality of identical mould parts (each carrying identical forming cavities) are provided which after charging are moved into the pressing station, are then removed from this latter, and are then unloaded to commence a new cycle.
  • the pressing station can be operated at a rate never before attained, in view of the fact that the charging of the forming cavity and the discharge of the tiles are effected within said pressing station, which consists for example of a usual hydraulic press.
  • tiles can be obtained having unusual aesthetic or ornamental effects, such as tiles with decorative mosaic motifs, or generally tiles carrying differently coloured inserts which are incorporated into and firmly bonded to the base material (clay) of the tile.
  • FIGS. 1A and 2 show a hydraulic ceramic press, indicated overall by 1, from the bed 2 of which there rise two robust cylindrical columns 3 on which a vertically movable cross-member is slidingly mounted. This latter is not shown for reasons of clarity, and also because it is of known type.
  • first ceramic mould part also not shown as it can be of any known type provided it is suitable for "mirror” or "movable die plate” forming.
  • said first mould part is of the same form as the counter-die illustrated and described in Italian patent application 46813 A/89 filed in the name of the present applicant.
  • said counter-die is provided with cavities in which respective exposed-face dies, ie those forming the exposed face of the tiles, are mounted to occupy a first position in which they enable the clay contained in the cavities of the underlying die to be transferred into the cavities of the counter-die, and a second position in which they deposit the formed tiles on the lower dies.
  • anvil 5 or three or more anvils can be provided.
  • Two mutually parallel, horizontal slide tracks 6 in the form of cylindrical bars are provided on one side and the other of said anvils 5 parallel to the longitudinal edges of the bench 4 ( Figure 1A).
  • Each track 6 comprises two opposing end portions 7 fixed to the bench 4 by pillars 8, and a central portion 9 supported by a pair of hydraulic dampers 10.
  • Said tracks 6 are provided to allow the support and sliding (in the direction A indicated in Figure 1A) of a plurality of identical movable mould parts 11 conjugate with the mould part associated with the movable cross-member of the press 1.
  • Each movable mould part 11 comprises a plate 12 (Figure 1A) provided lowerly with two support seats 13 ( Figures 6, 7) for engagement with the guides 6 in freely resting and freely sliding engagement.
  • the plate 12 comprises two adjacent forming cavities 14 closed lowerly by respective reverse- face dies 15, ie those which form the rear or laying face of the tiles.
  • Each die 15 is received in the respective cavity 14 as a freely sliding fit, and is guided relative to the plate 12 by the means described hereinafter with reference to Figures 2, 5, 6 and 7.
  • Each plate 17 comprises at least two outer lateral blocks 18 provided with respective vertical through holes through which corresponding guide rods 19 slidingly pass, these latter extending from the overlying plate 12.
  • a support 20 ( Figure 7) fixed to the underside of the plate 12 and provided on that face facing the respective plate 17 with a permanent magnet 21.
  • said device drives the mould parts 11 with stepwise motion such that said mould parts 11 (suitable spaced apart as shown in Figure 1A) stop one after another exactly above the anvils 5.
  • plan outline of these latter is smaller than the outline of the cavity 14, as can be seen in Figure 1A, the cavities 14 being filled with at least one material (as described hereinafter) before arriving at the press 1.
  • the descent of the plate 12 ends when its upper face is substantially coplanar with the upper face of the die 15, after which the cross-member is raised.
  • the formed tiles are substantially at the level of the upper face of the plate 12.
  • the line of mould parts 11 moves through a further step so that the position occupied by the previously pressed mould part 11 is taken by the immediate next mould part.
  • a suitable device removes the formed tiles.
  • Figure 1B shows a bench 40 the opposing ends of which are connected to the bench 4 by convenient transfer means indicated by 66 and 99 respectively.
  • Each track 60 comprises two opposing end portions 70 and a central portion 90, the former being fixed to the bench by pillars 80, and the latter being supported by a pair of hydraulic dampers 100.
  • each block 50 there is lowerly associated a height adjustment device 16, which is fixed below the bench 40.
  • Said device 16 is preferably of the type illustrated and described in Italian patent application 46814 A/90 filed in the name of the present applicant, to which reference should be made for further details.
  • Said bars 23 are partially contained in respective seats with an open ring cross-section, so that they project slightly beyond the upper face of the block 50 ( Figures 6, 7), where they provide a limited contact support for the dies 15. The reasons for this will be apparent hereinafter.
  • a hopper 25 which is associated at its top with a silo 26 and is provided at its bottom with a discharge port with an adjustment gate 27.
  • a discharge port there is also associated with said discharge port on its downstream side an automatically height-adjusted scraper 28 for removing material particles present on the upper face of the plates 12 in transit.
  • a suction unit is preferably provided in combination with the scraper 18 to remove excess material present on the plates 12.
  • the hopper 25 can contain either atomized clay or clay mixed with ceramic glaze or a mixture of materials having considerably different particle sizes, for example a mix of the type used for producing so-called grained tiles. Downstream of said hopper 25 there can be provided further hoppers, one of which is indicated schematically by 250 in Figure 1 B, and which are used as required, and/or as specified hereinafter.
  • the hopper 250 can contain a ceramic finishing mix to be deposited on the base clay previously fed into the cavities 14 by the hopper 25.
  • the same hopper 250 or another hopper downstream of this latter can contain a powdered ceramic glaze to enable the invention to be used in the manufacture of so-called pressure-glazed tiles.
  • the hoppers downstream of the hopper 25 could be dispensed with if simple support tiles are to be manufactured, ie tiles to be glazed after firing, or grained tiles to be smoothed after firing, or fine porcelained sandstone tiles which do not need to be smoothed or glazed.
  • the invention besides offering high productivity by virtue of the fact that the production rate of the press 1 is in no way dependent on the charging of the forming cavities or the discharge of the formed tiles, also offers considerable versatility in its use, enabling it to produce both tiles of the aforesaid type and tiles with unusual aesthetic and ornamental characteristics. This will be apparent hereinafter.
  • the permanent magnets 24 are provided for this purpose, however they can be replaced by suitable electromagnets.
  • the devices 16 are controlled by an electronic control unit which enables them to be adjusted as required, ie according to the tiles to be produced.
  • the mould parts 11 can be either fed directly to the press 1 or subjected to further operations at the compacting device 101.
  • the compacting device comprises two columns 102 ( Figure 1 B) on which a cross-member 103 ( Figure 4) comprising a lower punch 104 is slidingly mounted.
  • the punch 104 has a plan outline which is larger than that of the cavities 14, in correspondence with which it comprises at least one lower projection 29 ( Figure 4) which can be of any shape.
  • Figure 4 shows the configuration of the invention on termination of said compacting stage.
  • the power of the compacting device 101 is less than that of the press 1, ie it is sufficient to compact the material 31 to the extent that the impressions 30 retain their shape during the subsequent forward movement of the plate 12.
  • a feed unit 32 ( Figure 1 B) applies identically shaped inserts (not shown) to the impressions 30.
  • Said inserts (formed separately as small tesseras compatible with the material 31) have a different colour or tonality from that of the material 31, and can all be of the same colour or different colours.
  • Several devices 32 arranged in series can be provided, the degree of compaction of said preformed inserts being for obvious reasons substantially the same as that achieved by the device 101.
  • other new products can also be obtained, such as mosaic tiles.
  • This can be achieved for example by providing a feed unit similar to the unit 32 which feeds a series of small preformed tesseras of identical or non-identical shape directly into the cavities 14 against the dies 15 in either regular or non-regular distribution.
  • a layer of suitable material such as atomized clay or another material compatible with the constituent material of the tesseras is then deposited in the same cavities 14, to lightly cover the tesseras and fill the spaces between them.
  • the mould parts filled in this manner then reach the press 1, and the product obtained after firing is smoothed to produce the mosaic effect provided by said inserts.
  • said feed unit similar to the unit 32 is preferably positioned upstream of the clay hopper 25.
  • a bell-shaped member can be provided connected to a suction vessel and arranged to rest against the temporarily stationary underlying plate 12, at which point a high vacuum is instantaneously induced to pull the dies 15 and the overlying material 31 upwards.
  • the inner lower face of said bell-shaped member would be provided with projections similar to the projections 29.
  • the blocks 50 positioned downstream of the device 101 are particularly convenient, both because they enable the range of application of the invention to be increased, as is apparent from the aforegoing, and because the downstream part of the press table 40 can be equipped with further devices similar to those present in the upstream part of this table, such further devices being normally excluded but being used during the maintenance and adjustment of the corresponding upstream devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
EP91201869A 1990-07-26 1991-07-15 Installation à productivité élevée pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique en général Expired - Lifetime EP0468577B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT4686490 1990-07-26
IT04686490A IT1242962B (it) 1990-07-26 1990-07-26 Impianto ad elevata produttivita' per la formatura di piastrelle ceramiche in genere

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0468577A2 true EP0468577A2 (fr) 1992-01-29
EP0468577A3 EP0468577A3 (en) 1992-07-22
EP0468577B1 EP0468577B1 (fr) 1995-04-19

Family

ID=11259909

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91201869A Expired - Lifetime EP0468577B1 (fr) 1990-07-26 1991-07-15 Installation à productivité élevée pour la fabrication de carreaux en céramique en général

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0468577B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE121339T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69109007T2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1242962B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992010349A1 (fr) * 1990-12-12 1992-06-25 Drazil, Jaromir, Vaclav Procede et appareil servant a fabriquer un article moule et produit fabrique selon le procede
EP0985503A1 (fr) * 1998-09-09 2000-03-15 Ronflette S.A. Dispositif pour la mise en forme et la décoration de céramique à l'état sec

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR566936A (fr) * 1923-06-01 1924-02-22 Presse hydraulique automatique à grand rendement pour carreaux
FR744274A (fr) * 1933-04-14
FR1501676A (fr) * 1965-11-30 1967-11-10 Procédé pour le pressage de carreaux de ciment, de céramique ou d'autres matériaux, présentant un dessin décoratif sur leur surface exposée
US4417864A (en) * 1980-05-21 1983-11-29 Mitsuishi Fukai Tekkosho, Ltd. Vacuum type brick forming machine
DE3335147A1 (de) * 1983-03-28 1984-10-04 Sociedad Arequipena de Patentes y Marcas S.A., Industrial, Ciudad de Panama Vorrichtung zur herstellung von gussplatten
CH670990A5 (en) * 1986-05-14 1989-07-31 Fritz Sterki Decorative tile prodn. method - has metal profiles placed on floor and coloured cement poured into mould

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR744274A (fr) * 1933-04-14
FR566936A (fr) * 1923-06-01 1924-02-22 Presse hydraulique automatique à grand rendement pour carreaux
FR1501676A (fr) * 1965-11-30 1967-11-10 Procédé pour le pressage de carreaux de ciment, de céramique ou d'autres matériaux, présentant un dessin décoratif sur leur surface exposée
US4417864A (en) * 1980-05-21 1983-11-29 Mitsuishi Fukai Tekkosho, Ltd. Vacuum type brick forming machine
DE3335147A1 (de) * 1983-03-28 1984-10-04 Sociedad Arequipena de Patentes y Marcas S.A., Industrial, Ciudad de Panama Vorrichtung zur herstellung von gussplatten
CH670990A5 (en) * 1986-05-14 1989-07-31 Fritz Sterki Decorative tile prodn. method - has metal profiles placed on floor and coloured cement poured into mould

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992010349A1 (fr) * 1990-12-12 1992-06-25 Drazil, Jaromir, Vaclav Procede et appareil servant a fabriquer un article moule et produit fabrique selon le procede
EP0985503A1 (fr) * 1998-09-09 2000-03-15 Ronflette S.A. Dispositif pour la mise en forme et la décoration de céramique à l'état sec

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69109007D1 (de) 1995-05-24
IT9046864A0 (it) 1990-07-26
IT1242962B (it) 1994-05-18
IT9046864A1 (it) 1992-01-26
DE69109007T2 (de) 1995-12-14
ATE121339T1 (de) 1995-05-15
EP0468577A3 (en) 1992-07-22
EP0468577B1 (fr) 1995-04-19

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