EP0463521B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour commander le fonctionnement d'appareils électriques manuels - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour commander le fonctionnement d'appareils électriques manuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0463521B1
EP0463521B1 EP91109839A EP91109839A EP0463521B1 EP 0463521 B1 EP0463521 B1 EP 0463521B1 EP 91109839 A EP91109839 A EP 91109839A EP 91109839 A EP91109839 A EP 91109839A EP 0463521 B1 EP0463521 B1 EP 0463521B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupling
output shaft
speed
tool
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91109839A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0463521A1 (fr
Inventor
Armin Breitenmoser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CEKA Elektrowerkzeuge AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
CEKA Elektrowerkzeuge AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CEKA Elektrowerkzeuge AG and Co KG filed Critical CEKA Elektrowerkzeuge AG and Co KG
Priority to AT91109839T priority Critical patent/ATE103227T1/de
Publication of EP0463521A1 publication Critical patent/EP0463521A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0463521B1 publication Critical patent/EP0463521B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/147—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for electrically operated wrenches or screwdrivers

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for controlling the operation of handheld electrical devices according to the preamble of claim 1 or a device which fulfills the same purpose according to the preamble of claim 4.
  • the invention relates specifically to the field of so-called screwdrivers as electrical handheld devices and is also explained in detail below with reference to a screwdriver, although it is understood that the basic concept of the invention is not limited to the screwdriver area, but advantageously also with any other electrical handheld devices, in particular Drills, rotary hammers and the like can be used.
  • screwdrivers to transmit the torque applied by an electric drive motor to provide at least one form-fitting coupling, for example and preferably a claw coupling.
  • This claw coupling separates the positive connection between a gearbox on the drive motor side, if present, and the tool spindle when, for example, the tool spindle gradually slides axially forward in operative connection with a depth stop until the claws of the claw coupling separate from one another when a predetermined screwing depth is reached loosen and thereby end the screwing process.
  • This area of controlling the transmission of the torque in screwdrivers also includes the power-driven screwing tool in accordance with European patent application 90102260.8, in which the towing clutch responding when the limit torque is reached on the drive shaft-side coupling part of the claw coupling comprises at least one opening in the form of a guide pocket directed axially outward to the screwing tool , the recess base of which runs obliquely to the drive shaft longitudinal axis.
  • the guide pocket engages with a cross pin that is non-rotatable on the drive shaft to form the towing coupling.
  • Another disadvantage is that due to the high idling speed maintained, not only a high clutch wear must be expected during clutch engagement, but also the service life of the other parts such as bearings, switches and the like. is reduced if the device is normally operated continuously at high speed in continuous operation, the resultant considerable noise being annoying and unpleasant.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to remedy this and an electric hand tool, especially screwdriver, drill, hammer drill and the like. To make available, on the one hand, a maximum screwing performance is possible, on the other hand but it is ensured that in the area of the positive coupling (claw coupling) there are no problems due to extreme differential speeds between the coupling parts.
  • the invention solves this problem with the characterizing features of claim 1 and claim 4 and has the advantage that it is automatically ensured that the differential speed between the coupling parts is significantly reduced at the moment of engagement, even when the operator insists on maintaining the device in a fully switched-on state to maintain rapid progress in handling the hand tool. It is essential that the operator's intentions are not worked directly, so that the operator does not get the feeling that their own pace of work or the maximum possible screwing power is deliberately slowed down.
  • the invention only ensures that at the moment of coupling for the device or for the coupling parts concerned there are optimal working conditions which, on the one hand, prevent tooth-on-tooth standing, which would prevent the coupling process, but, on the other hand, ensure that soft and engaged in the smooth transition and immediately after reaching a positive position of the claws with full force to the desired working speed, which for example can also correspond to the maximum speed of the device, is accelerated.
  • the reduced idling speed which always occurs when the positive coupling (claw coupling) is released, significantly improves the service life of the other parts, i.e. bearings, switches, drive motors, collectors, also because none of the coupling area Shocks and vibrations are more to be expected.
  • the low speed difference during the coupling process ensures a reduction in noise because now the individual parts can no longer rattle past each other at a high volume, but instead the coupling process proceeds smoothly and without problems.
  • the invention therefore succeeds in reliably eliminating problems which occur especially with the so-called "professional devices" which are normally actually operated continuously in continuous operation.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to detect the clutch position and to give the start-up command to an, if desired, adjustable working speed or maximum speed at the moment of the coupling process of the positive coupling of a speed control for the electric drive motor of the device.
  • the tool spindle is pressed on, i.e. when the screwing-in process begins, it can always be safely engaged and, secondly, it does not have to be started up from a complete standstill, but with full acceleration with the drive motor already idling, so that there is practically no work delay.
  • the invention also optimizes the screwing-in process itself, since at the first moment of start-up there is still a lower speed, which is well suited to first allowing the screw to be gripped, for example predrilling an initial thread, in order then to be screwed in further at high speed.
  • FIG. 1 of a clutch position-controlled screwdriver is of a novel design in that the drive motor 11 of the screwdriver 10 is located in the handle of the screwdriver, which in the meantime has been designed like a pistol grip, as is the case with such devices.
  • the electric drive motor consists in the usual way of the A-bearing plate 11a, the B-bearing plate 11b, a stator 12 framed by the bearing plates and a rotor 13 with a rotor shaft 14 which rotates within the stator magnetic field and which on both sides in bearings 15a, 15b End shields 11a, 11b is mounted.
  • the motor has yet another special feature, which is that the brush holder of the electric motor is designed as an inner, rotatable switching ring which works together with a punching plate and cooperates with an outer adjusting ring 16 through a housing recess, so that it is twisted by the adjusting ring 16 on the pistol handle of the device 10 is possible to freely select the desired direction of rotation of the screwdriver by turning the outer adjusting ring 16, it also being possible to switch the device off by means of a central adjusting ring position.
  • the rotor shaft 14 protrudes with a stub shaft 14a beyond the A-bearing 15a and in the exemplary embodiment shown drives a bevel gear 18 coaxial with the tool spindle 17 - it goes without saying that between the bevel gear 18 and the motor output shaft there is still a gear or other Device components can be interposed if desired. It also goes without saying that the bevel gear 18 does not necessarily have to sit on the device output shaft 17 (device spindle), as is the case in the exemplary embodiment shown; here, the bevel gear 18 is supported in a freely rotating manner via a needle bearing 19 by the device output shaft 17, which is itself supported in a further needle bearing 19 '.
  • the bevel gear 18 simultaneously forms the one coupling part of a form-fitting coupling 20, which is preferably designed as a claw coupling with claws 21b extending axially forward, while the other coupling part 22 is fixed with a claw ring 21a opposite the claws 21b is connected to the device output shaft 17.
  • the device output shaft 17 is biased, for example by spring pressure or in some other suitable manner to the outside, that is to the left in the plane of the drawing, so that the two claw rings 21a, 21b of the claw coupling 20 are kept at a distance from one another and the device output shaft 17 is therefore also at any speed rotating and the bevel gear 18 driving motor 11 stands still.
  • the user of the device can enter the Insert tool holder, not shown (screwdriver bit), a new screw, whereupon when using the device by pressing the screw onto the material into which it is to be screwed, the device output shaft 17 is also pushed back, so that the coupling parts 18 and 22 are moved towards each other or on another way, when the screw is pressed, the positive coupling (claw coupling) is closed.
  • a distance sensor is provided at a suitable point, which is designed so that it can determine at what point in time or at what position distance the dog clutch 20 has effectively engaged, i.e.
  • a speed acceleration signal is sent to a speed control circuit 23 which, according to FIG. 3, can consist of a speed control 23a and, for example, a phase control 23b controlled by the latter for the motor drive.
  • the distance sensor can be designed in any way; it only has to be such that when the dog clutch is closed, that is to say when the device output shaft 17 is rotated, it generates such a signal that it can be interpreted and evaluated by the speed control circuit as a speed acceleration signal.
  • the distance sensor can be a simple mechanical switch, which triggers, for example, as a microswitch when the device output shaft 17 in the illustrated embodiment has moved so far to the rear, that is, to the right in the drawing plane, that the switch is actuated.
  • the distance sensor it is also possible to design the distance sensor as a non-contact sensor, for example as an inductive or capacitive proximity switch, as a photo cell, in the form of a so-called Hall detector or as a pneumatic switch, the actual installation location of the distance sensor being arbitrary, for example, as in In the drawing, the distance sensor 24 specified there lies at the end of the device output shaft 17 or, for example, can be arranged in the region of the coupling as at 24 '(shown in broken lines).
  • a speed control 23a receives the yes / no signal "engaged” or “not engaged” from the sensor 24, 24 '.
  • the speed control 23a can consist of a simple resistor combination or other circuit elements which evaluate the corresponding signal of the distance sensor 24, 24 'and correspondingly control a phase control 23b which then in turn, ideally via a triac 25 which switches in both half-wave directions of the supplying mains voltage Motor 11 applied accordingly.
  • phase control 23b in connection with the speed control 23a is designed such that whenever the clutch is disengaged, the Electric drive motor rotates at a predetermined idling speed U min (see FIG. 2); if the sensor 24, 24 'sends the signal "coupled" at time t1, then the speed control 23a switches up the motor 11 via the phase control 23b, so that it runs up to a predetermined working speed or to U max , so that the motor runs in time t1-t2 applies the torque required for the screwing process.
  • the screwing process is continued at maximum speed U max for a predetermined period of time (dashed lines) and then the speed drop does not take place back to the preset idling speed until time t2 '.
  • the return to the low-noise idling speed U min occurs in that the coupling 20 is released again at the end of the screwing process, which is determined by the distance sensor and converted into a corresponding signal, as a result of which the leading edge control regulates back to the idling speed level.
  • this release of the coupling 20 determined by the distance sensor can take place in that a mechanical stop (depth stop) attached to the screwdriver at a predetermined point in time, for example also when a maximum torque is reached, due to the axial displacement of the device output shaft to the right 17, the dog clutch 20 opens again, which, after the screw has been displaced via the distance sensor, brings about an immediate automatic switchover to the reduced idling speed.
  • depth stop mechanical stop
  • This idle speed is also assumed by the speed control circuit 23 when the on / off switch 26 Mains separation is switched on - in any case, this represents a preferred setting of the device, it being understood that both the preferred idling speed U min and the desired working speed U max can be selected via further external actuators, for example potentiometer knurled wheel actuation 27 (FIG. 1) .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Portable Power Tools In General (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour commander le fonctionnement d'appareils électriques manuels en particulier des visseuses, des perceuses à main, des perceuses à percussion et analogues, avec un arbre de sortie de l'appareil entraîné par un moteur électrique par l'intermédiaire d'un embrayage, arbre qui coulisse axialement, procédé dans lequel l'embrayage se forme lors d'une action de pression axiale sur l'arbre de sortie, - procédé caractérisé en ce que la position respective de l'arbre de sortie de l'appareil ou la position d'embrayage est contrôlée par un capteur de distance (24, 24'), qui amène au moteur d'entraînement (11) un signal d'accélération de la vitesse de rotation quand l'embrayage provoquant un entraînement en rotation de l'arbre de sortie de l'appareil, est fermé.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas où le capteur de distance (24, 24') n'est pas actionné le circuit de commande (23) de la vitesse de rotation commande le moteur d'entraînement (11) pour commander une vitesse de rotation de ralenti réglable (Umin).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre de sortie de l'appareil (17) soumis par un ressort à une précontrainte vers l'extérieur fait passer automatiquement en position ouverte l'embrayage à griffes et fait passer dans sa position non activée le capteur de distance (24, 24') contrôlant la position de l'arbre de sortie ou la position de l'embrayage, de telle sorte que le moteur d'entraînement fonctionne à une vitesse de rotation de ralenti dans le cas où il n'y a pas de pression de fonctionnement s'exerçant sur l'arbre de sortie de l'appareil.
  4. Dispositif pour commander le fonctionnement d'appareils électriques manuels, en particulier des perceuses, des perceuses à main, des perceuses à percussion, et analogues, avec un arbre de sortie entraîné par un moteur électrique par l'intermédiaire d'un embrayage (20), arbre qui coulisse axialement et d'un commutateur de commande de la vitesse de rotation pour le moteur électrique, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on prévoit un capteur (24, 24') contrôlant l'état (ouvert-fermé) de l'embrayage, capteur qui, quand l'embrayage est fermé et quand de cette façon est établie une liaison fermée d'entraînement depuis le moteur d'entraînement électrique jusqu'au bit d'outil, envoie un signal d'inversion, circuit de commande de la vitesse de rotation (23), de telle sorte que le moteur électrique est fortement accéléré par le circuit de commande de la vitesse de rotation et est maintenu à une vitesse de rotation (Umax) de fonctionnement prédéfinie.
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'embrayage est un embrayage à griffes (20), dont la première partie (18) est entraînée par le moteur d'entraînement (11) du moins indirectement et dont la deuxième partie coulisse axialement en même temps que l'arbre de sortie de l'appareil (17) et en position de fonctionnement se trouve, quand, l'arbre de sortie de l'appareil (17) est pressé en arrière, en liaison opérationnelle par interpénétration par la forme avec la première partie de l'embrayage.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil électrique manuel est une visseuse (10) et une butée mécanique est disposée sur la tête de la visseuse, butée qui, quand le processus de vissage persiste, permet l'ouverture peu à peu de l'embrayage (embrayage à griffes 20) avec un déplacement progressif vers l'avant de l'arbre de sortie de l'appareil (17), le capteur de distance (24, 24'), quand l'embrayage est ouvert, faisant passer le moteur d'entraînement (11) sur la vitesse de rotation de ralenti par l'intermédiaire du circuit de commande de la vitesse de rotation (23).
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4, 5, et 6, caractérisé en ce que le capteur de distance est un interrupteur mécanique, un micro-interrupteur, un commutateur de proximité sans contact, un capteur optique, un détecteur de Hall, un interrupteur pneumatique, ou un appareil analogue.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre de sortie de l'appareil (17) est soumis à l'action d'une force élastique provoquant un retour en arrière automatique et un relâchement de l'embrayage.
  9. Dispositif selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil électrique manuel est constitué à la manière d'une poignée de pistolet avec le moteur d'entraînement dans la zone de la poignée de pistolet, en ce que le moteur d'entraînement présente une bague interne de commutation déterminant le sens de rotation et la position marche/arrêt, bague qui est en liaison opérationnelle mécanique avec une bague extérieure de réglage (16) sur le boîtier, de telle sorte que la bague de réglage soit insérée comme commutateur rotatif sur le carter formant poignée à la fois pour servir à inverser le sens de rotation et à faire fonctionner le système de marche/arrêt.
EP91109839A 1990-06-22 1991-06-15 Procédé et dispositif pour commander le fonctionnement d'appareils électriques manuels Expired - Lifetime EP0463521B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91109839T ATE103227T1 (de) 1990-06-22 1991-06-15 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung des betriebs von elektrohandgeraeten.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4019895A DE4019895C2 (de) 1990-06-22 1990-06-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung des Betriebs von Elektrohandgeräten
DE4019895 1990-06-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0463521A1 EP0463521A1 (fr) 1992-01-02
EP0463521B1 true EP0463521B1 (fr) 1994-03-23

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP91109839A Expired - Lifetime EP0463521B1 (fr) 1990-06-22 1991-06-15 Procédé et dispositif pour commander le fonctionnement d'appareils électriques manuels

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5156221A (fr)
EP (1) EP0463521B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2614371B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE103227T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4019895C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2052301T3 (fr)

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CN113081155B (zh) * 2015-09-03 2024-07-16 史赛克公司 带有包括可滑动的探针的一体化深度计的动力手术钻机
CN106671031A (zh) * 2015-11-10 2017-05-17 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 动力工具的减振装置及其方法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2614371B2 (ja) 1997-05-28
DE4019895A1 (de) 1992-01-02
US5156221A (en) 1992-10-20
ATE103227T1 (de) 1994-04-15
DE4019895C2 (de) 1999-04-08
EP0463521A1 (fr) 1992-01-02
DE59101221D1 (de) 1994-04-28
ES2052301T3 (es) 1994-07-01
JPH04226869A (ja) 1992-08-17

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