EP0450411A1 - Apparatus for guiding fibre material - Google Patents

Abstract

In an apparatus for guiding fibre material, such as cotton, as a lap roll, sliver or roving in a spinning machine, especially in a drawing unit, the fibre material bears at least briefly against a cylinder (10, 11, 12) having a casing (22) made of rubber or a similar plastic. This casing will at the same time be assigned a rub-cleaning device (30). The rub-cleaning device (30) has a rub-cleaning surface (31) which bears against the casing (22) and which, for example, is part of a rub-cleaning wing (32) rotating about a rotary axle (33). The rub-cleaning wing (32) is inclined towards the casing in the direction of rotation of the cylinder. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a device for guiding fiber material, such as cotton as lap wadding, tape or roving in a spinning device, in particular in a drafting system, wherein the fiber material lies at least briefly in a cylinder with a jacket made of rubber or a similar plastic.

In various machines of the spinning mill, cotton is fed as a wadding, tape or later as a bundle of fibers or thread, in many cases it is guided by cylinders which have a rubber jacket. This applies in particular to drafting systems such as those used in combing machines, flyer and ring spinning machines. In these drafting systems, cylinders with a rubber jacket are spaced apart from one another and run together with counter-cylinders, which are usually driven and are made, for example, of steel with appropriate profiling.

The spinning material is guided between the blanket cylinder and the steel cylinder, the successive pairs of cylinders running at different speeds. As a result, the fiber material is stretched between the individual cylinder pairs, the clamping distance between the cylinder pairs being greater than the fiber length of the fiber material. Different strands of the material are brought together and combined after the drafting system. For example, in a ring spinning machine, different fibers come from Lunten and are stretched in the drafting system, the individual fibers being oriented lengthways and running approximately parallel at the exit after the drafting system. The drawn fibers are then passed on to the spinning ring.

The problem with modern spinning machines is that the speed at which the cylinders have to run increases with the further development. For example, the outlet speed in a drafting system of a draw frame is 1000 m / min, in that of a comber 300 m / min. In a combing machine, the speed drops to 100 to 150 m / min, while in a flyer it is, for example, 40 m / min. The ring spinning machine ultimately "only" runs at about 25 m / min.

It is understandable that especially in the rubber jackets of the cylinders an electrostatic charge can take place and, for example, sticky layers of honeydew or wax build up on the surface. There are also chemical residues on the surface of the rubber rollers used to control vermin in cotton plantations. It's understandable, that these deposits lead to unevenness on the surface of the cylinder. Furthermore, the surface of the jacket is worn away by the fiber material, this wear being counteracted by a transverse displacement of the fiber bundle during its running by means of a displaceable thread guide. However, this is usually not sufficient, so that the rubber has to be sanded at intervals so that the fiber material does not stick to certain points and wind up. A rubber cylinder of a ring spinning machine, for example, has a lifespan of 12,000 to 24,000 hours, during which 10 grinding passes take place. With each sanding, about 0.2 - 0.3mm of the rubber is removed. With the very fast drafting system in one line, the life of the rubber cylinders is only 1,500 to 2,500 hours, and the grinding interval is 150 to 250 hours. The rubber rollers of a drafting system of a combing machine have a lifespan of 15,000 to 20,000 hours with a grinding interval of 1,500 to 2,000 hours. The service life of blanket cylinders in a combing machine is similar; for a flyer it is between 15,000 and 25,000 hours. It is easy to understand that this grinding of the rubber cylinders is very expensive, since there are usually a large number of rubber cylinders.

The object of the present invention is to avoid the periodic erosion or grinding of the rubber cylinders.

To achieve this object, a grinding cleaning device is assigned to the jacket.

The grinding-cleaning device can be brought into contact with the jacket of the blanket cylinder continuously or, if desired, only periodically. It is contemplated to add a separate abrasive cleaning device to each rubber jacket that comes into contact with the fiber material. At least this should apply to the rubber cylinders that form the outlet in a drafting system. The grinding cleaning device is intended to avoid the greasiness of the rubber cylinders and to increase their grip. Regrinding is completely unnecessary, since the rubber cylinders are moved until their rubber jacket only has a certain target thickness. Then the rubber cylinders are removed and replaced with new ones. Of course, it is possible to re-cover worn rubber cylinders with rubber.

In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the grinding cleaning device has a grinding cleaning surface which lies against the jacket of the blanket cylinder. This planar system is intended to avoid excessive removal of the jacket and in particular to keep the surface of the jacket ground flat. This embodiment should thus prove to be improved compared to, for example, a scraping edge or the like. However, a scraping edge or a scraping thread which is guided on the surface of the jacket should also fall under the present inventive concept. Incidentally, not only mechanical grinding cleaning devices are intended, but cleaning could also be carried out using optical means, for example with a very precisely guided laser beam along the surface of the jacket. However, the ones proposed mechanical grinding cleaning devices in terms of effort considerable advantages.

The grinding cleaning surface can be profiled, structured (e.g. with corundum) or thermally coated. In the latter case, the coating can in particular be carried out by plasma spraying, the coating material being, for example, an oxide (aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, chromium oxide, zirconocide or the like) or a carbide mixed with metal binder, for example. Materials of the cermet class come into question (e.g. chrome carbide with nickel-chrome binder; tungsten carbide with cobalt as metal binder). Depending on the intended use, the metal used up by thermal coating can be ground, brushed or left raw.

However, it is also contemplated that the grinding-cleaning surface is coated with, for example, a fleece or Velcro material, a grinding wheel material or another material. Corundum grains, for example, can be embedded in the fleece material. In any case, the material must be suitable for gently sanding the rubber surface so that a uniformly flat and clean surface is maintained, the greasiness is low, but the grip is increased. For this purpose, the grinding-cleaning surface can also be diamond-coated, have a surface grain or otherwise, like similar to conventional grinding wheels, be surface-fissured.

In a preferred embodiment, the grinding-cleaning surface is the lower surface of a grinding-cleaning wing, which is, for example, a flat one has a rectangular shape, but can also be adapted to the surface of the blanket cylinder. This cleaning wing should be connected to an axis of rotation so that it lies against the surface of the rubber cylinder, rotating about this axis of rotation. In this embodiment, the contact surface will follow the direction of rotation of the cylinder. This means that the grinding cleaning surface extends from the axis of rotation in the direction of rotation of the rubber cylinder over a part of its circumference and its surface rests. In contrast, the axis of rotation is arranged axially parallel to the cylinder, so that it likewise runs parallel to the surface of the jacket at a certain distance from this surface.

In this embodiment, the abrasive cleaning wing rests with its own weight on the jacket of the cylinder. It can be shown here that the dead weight alone is sufficient, provided the grinding and cleaning surface has a certain profile, structure or coating. However, if the dead weight is not sufficient, it is thought to assign a device for increasing the contact pressure to the grinding-cleaning wing. This then increases the friction and accelerates the abrasion of the rubber jacket.

Basically, it is contemplated to either attach the grinding cleaning device to an axis about which the cylinder also rotates, or to attach the grinding cleaning device to another location, for example a support arm or the like, which, however, is related to must have the cylinder in order to ensure that the grinding cleaning surface lies flat in any case. That is why attachment to the axis of the cylinder is preferred. A clamping block is provided to fix the grinding-cleaning device, which is fixed to the axis with appropriate clamping means. This clamping block is penetrated by the above-mentioned axis of rotation, which holds the grinding-cleaning wing. This ensures a fixed relationship between the grinding cleaning device and the blanket cylinder.

So that a device for increasing the contact pressure can also be arranged in this exemplary embodiment, on the other hand, a lever is to be formed on the clamping block of the axis of rotation, between which and the axis of rotation there is a coil spring or the like. Energy store as a device for increasing the contact pressure. The strength of the contact pressure can then also be influenced via the strength of the helical spring. This is a very simple embodiment and is therefore preferred. However, other conceivable devices for increasing the contact pressure should also be within the scope of the invention.

Furthermore, it is also provided that clamping blocks are provided on both sides of the cylinder, between which the axis of rotation runs, on which the grinding-cleaning wing is fixed. This improves the mounting of this axis of rotation since there is no risk of the free-floating axis of rotation tipping over. Of course, the device just mentioned for increasing the contact pressure can be arranged here again.

Further exemplary embodiments of grinding cleaning devices are shown in more detail in the drawing description.

Overall, the periodic grinding of the rubber cylinders is superfluous and thus a considerable cost factor is eliminated by the device according to the invention.

Figur 1

eine teilweise im Längsschnitt dargestellte Seitenansicht eines Teils eines Streckwerkes;

Figur 2

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Zuordnung von Teilen eines Streckwerkes zueinander;

Figur 3

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Zuordnung von Teilen eines Streckwerks zueinander;

Figur 4

eine Seitenansicht einer schematischen Darstellung von Streckwerkelementen;

Figur 5

eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Zuordnung von Teilen eines Streckwerkes zueinander;

Figur 6

eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels entsprechend Figur 5.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments and from the drawing; this shows in

Figure 1

a partially shown in longitudinal section side view of part of a drafting system;

Figure 2

a perspective view of the assignment of parts of a drafting system to each other;

Figure 3

a perspective view of another embodiment of an assignment of parts of a drafting system to each other;

Figure 4

a side view of a schematic representation of drafting elements;

Figure 5

a schematic representation of a further embodiment of an assignment of parts of a drafting system to one another;

Figure 6

5 shows a schematic illustration of a further exemplary embodiment corresponding to FIG. 5.

A drafting unit R, as is used in a large number of known machines in the spinning mill, has in the case of a ring spinning machine a supporting frame 1 which, not shown in more detail, forms a swivel joint on the right-hand side together with a corresponding machine part. As a result of this swivel joint, the support frame 1 can be raised in the x direction. It is fixed in a position of use on the spinning machine by means of a clamping lever 2.

Of the actual spinning machine, in the present exemplary embodiment it is a ring spinning machine, only a base 3 is shown, on which the above-mentioned swivel joint for the support frame 1 is fixed on the right side at a certain distance.

On this base 3 bearing blocks 4, 5 and 6 are arranged, in which corresponding lower cylinders 7, 8 and 9 rotate about their longitudinal axes. A detailed description of the mounting of the lower cylinders 7, 8 and 9 is omitted, since this must be assumed to be known in machine technology. The lower cylinders 7, 8 and 9 are usually made of metal, in particular hardened steel, and are structured or profiled on their outer surface in certain areas. These areas are discussed in more detail below. It is also important to mention that these lower cylinders 7, 8 and 9 are driven, their respective drive not being shown in the drawing for the sake of clarity.

A corresponding upper cylinder 10, 11 and 12 on the support frame 1 is assigned to each lower cylinder 7, 8 and 9. These upper cylinders are held on the support frame 1 by means of corresponding support straps 13, 14 and 15. The bracket is carried out so that the support tabs 13, 14 and 15, an axis 16, 17 and 18 of the upper cylinders 10, 11 and 12 approximately in the middle and hold clamped. The axis 18 is shown in perspective in FIG. 2 and its central region, in which the clamping bracket is held by the carrying strap 15, is identified by 19. The clamping area 19 is flat to ensure the correct positioning of the axis 18 in the support straps 13, 14 and 15. As a result, the relative positioning of a grinding cleaning device 30 described later or of the individual upper and lower cylinders is predetermined. In Figure 2 it can be seen above all that on both sides of this clamping area 19 upper cylinders 12a and 12b on the axis 18 are arranged. An axis 16, 17 or 18 can be removed from the carrying strap 13, 14 or 15 by pull.

Otherwise, each upper cylinder 10, 11 or 12 has a ball bearing 20, which is only indicated schematically, which enables the upper cylinder 10, 11 or 12 to rotate about the axis 18. Furthermore, each upper cylinder 10, 11 and 12 consists of a cylinder body 21, for example made of plastic or metal, which is covered with a jacket 22 made of rubber or a rubber-like plastic. This jacket 22 interacts with the lower cylinders 7, 8 and 9 when transporting a fiber bundle or ribbon, not shown in detail. For example, a corresponding fiber bundle can run from a sliver into a ring spinning machine to a thread guide 23, after which it passes through a corresponding gap between lower cylinder 7 and upper cylinder 10, lower cylinder 8 and upper cylinder 11, and lower cylinder 9 and upper cylinder 12. The fiber bundle then leaves the drafting unit R and is picked up by a spindle or the like, the fiber bundle being turned back as far as the lower cylinder 9 and upper cylinder 12 exit. In this way, a thread is then made, which is composed of fibers.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the thread guide 23 is displaceably arranged on the bearing block 4 for the lower cylinder 7, so that a fiber bundle can be guided over a large part of the width b of an upper cylinder 10, 11 or 12. At least in this area, the outer surface of the lower cylinders 7, 8 and 9 is structured or profiled, so that the fiber holder is guaranteed remains. In the present exemplary embodiment, lower cylinder 8 and upper cylinder 11 have an additional band guide for the fiber bundle, with a lower band 24 and an upper band 25 partially wrapping around the respective lower cylinder 8 and upper cylinder 11, respectively. A cage 26 or 27 and a roller or the like attached to the end thereof, not shown in detail, ensures that the lower belt 24 and upper belt 25 lie against one another over a desired distance, as a result of which the guidance of the fiber bundle is improved. According to the invention, a grinding cleaning device 30 is assigned to each upper cylinder 10, 11 and 12, which as the most important feature has a surface 31 which bears against the rubber jacket 22. The idea of the invention encompasses both a larger area, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, but a narrow strip or even a linear support should also fall within the scope of the present invention. It is essential that this grinding-cleaning surface 31 results in a slight removal of the jacket 22 with each revolution of the upper cylinder 10, 11 or 12, the direction of rotation of the upper cylinder being marked with z. For this purpose, it is contemplated that, on the one hand, the cleaning is carried out solely by the weight of a grinding cleaning wing 32 having the grinding cleaning surface 31 together with the natural unevenness of the grinding cleaning surface 31. Given the speed and the large number of operating hours which the upper cylinders 10, 11 or 12 and cleaning blades 32 cooperate, this long-lasting interaction alone can lead to a removal of the jacket 22. However, further coatings of the grinding cleaning surface 31 of the grinding cleaning wing 32 are also within the scope of the invention, for example this surface can be profiled or structured. Also contemplated is a plasma coating with a certain roughness or a Velcro or fleece tape placed on the grinding cleaning surface 31, which engages the surface of the jacket 22 in any form.

It is essential that the grinding-cleaning wing 32 or the grinding-cleaning surface 31 lies flat against the casing 22 over its entire width b. This is the only way to remove the mantle 22 uniformly. According to the invention, an axis of rotation 33 is used for this purpose which passes through a clamping block 34. This clamping block 34 is placed on the axis 16, 17 and 18, respectively, and has a corresponding slot 35 for inserting the axis 16, 17 and 18. In the position of use, this slot 35 is traversed by corresponding screw bolts 36, wherein when these screw bolts 36 are tightened, the clamping block 34 is clamped on the axis 16, 17 and 18, respectively. A corresponding adjustment of the grinding / cleaning wing 32 can be carried out by rotating the clamping block 34.

In a simple exemplary embodiment of the invention, the axis of rotation 33 has a lever 37 beyond the clamping block 34, which lever 37 is coupled to the axis 18 via a helical spring 38. The contact pressure of the grinding-cleaning wing 32 on the jacket 22 of the upper cylinder 12 is increased via this helical spring 38. Of course, other devices are also conceivable here, so that these devices to increase the contact pressure should in principle be identified by the reference number 39.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 3, clamping blocks 34a and 34b are arranged on both sides of the upper cylinder 12b and the upper cylinder 12a. The clamping block 34a is seated on the axis 18a as described above for FIG. 2. However, the axle 18a passes through an axle stub 40 through the second clamping block 34b beyond the upper cylinder 12b, this clamping block 34b also being held on the axle stub 40 by means of corresponding screw bolts 41, like the clamping block 34a.

In this exemplary embodiment, however, a continuous axis of rotation 42 is arranged between the clamping block 34a and 34b and holds the grinding-cleaning wing 32. The advantage of this continuous axis of rotation 42, which is held by both clamping blocks 34a and 34b, is the better possibility of adjustment and ensuring the planar course over the entire width.

The arrangement of the clamping block 35 to the upper cylinder 12 is clear from FIG. It can also be seen that the grinding-cleaning wing 32 follows the direction of rotation z, so that a scraping edge is not formed, for example. In this exemplary embodiment, a cleaning roller 43 is also assigned to the upper cylinder 12, which can be covered, for example, with a fleece material on its circumference. This cleaning roller 43 is also used to clean the rubber jacket 22.

A further exemplary embodiment of the invention, that is to say a grinding cleaning device 30b, is indicated in FIG. 1 itself. Here the corresponding grinding-cleaning wing 32 is directly from the support frame 1, the grinding-cleaning wing 32 also having an axis of rotation 44 here. Elements which cause the grinding / cleaning blades 32 to be pressed against the upper cylinder 12 are not shown here.

According to FIG. 5, in a further exemplary embodiment of a grinding cleaning device 30c, a pressure body 45 is provided which has a grinding cleaning surface 31 which is adapted to the surface of the cylinder 12. The pressure can be applied to the pressure body 45 via an intermediate piece 46, for example by means of a helical spring 47.

In a further exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, a grinding cleaning device 30d consists of a flexible band 48 which is coated with grinding bodies 49. This flexible band 48 can adapt to changes in the circumference of the surface of the cylinder 12. Furthermore, the contact pressure can be increased by a corresponding pull on at least one end of the belt.

Instead of arranging a grinding and cleaning device 30 at each spinning station, this can also be arranged on an operating device traveling along the spinning machine. Such devices are used, for example, to reattach broken threads between the drafting system and spinning cops.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the grinding cleaning device 30 is nothing other than the lower cylinder itself, which has a special rough surface which has a grinding effect on the upper cylinder. For this purpose, it may be expedient to provide a suction device in addition to the grinding cleaning device 30, which prevents grinding dust or abrasion from reaching the spinning area from the lower cylinder.

Claims (17)

Device for guiding fiber material, such as cotton as lap wadding, tape or roving in a spinning device, in particular in a drafting system, the fiber material resting at least briefly on a cylinder with a jacket made of rubber or a similar plastic,

characterized,

that a grinding cleaning device (30) is assigned to the jacket (22). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding cleaning device (30) has a grinding cleaning surface (31) which bears against the jacket (22). Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the grinding cleaning surface (31) is profiled, structured or thermally coated. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that a grinding cleaning layer, for example coated with fleece or Velcro material, is placed on the grinding cleaning surface (31). Device according to at least one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the grinding cleaning surface (31) is part of a grinding cleaning wing (32) which has an axis of rotation (33, 42, 44) and which is in from the axis of rotation Direction of rotation (7) of the cylinder (10, 11, 12) extends over part of its circumference. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the axis of rotation (33, 42, 44) is arranged axially parallel to the cylinder (10, 11, 12). Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the grinding-cleaning device (30) is assigned a device (39) for increasing the contact pressure on the jacket (22). Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the grinding cleaning device (30) is attached to an axis (16, 17, 18) about which the cylinder (10, 11, 12) also rotates. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the grinding cleaning device (30) is fixed to the axis (18) with a clamping block (34), the clamping block (34) being penetrated by the axis of rotation (33) which the grinding Cleaning wing (32) holds. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, on the other hand, a lever (37) is formed on the clamping block (34) of the axis of rotation (33), between which and the axis of rotation (18) there is a coil spring (38) or the like. 39) to increase the contact pressure. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that clamping blocks (34a and 34b) are provided on both sides of the cylinder, between which the axis of rotation (41) is clamped, on which the grinding-cleaning wing (32) is fixed. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the grinding cleaning device (30b) is attached to a support frame (1) which also holds the cylinder (10, 11, 12). Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a grinding cleaning device (30c) consists of a pressure body (45), the grinding cleaning surface (31) of which is adapted to the surface of the cylinder (10, 11, 12). Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the pressure body (45) is acted upon by an energy store (47). Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the grinding cleaning device (30d) consists of a flexible belt (48) covered with grinding bodies (49) which partially wraps around the cylinder (10, 11, 12). Device for cleaning or grinding the top rollers of a drafting system in a textile machine, characterized in that the grinding-cleaning device (30c) is part of an operating device which can be moved along the textile machine. Spinning or twisting machine according to one of the preceding claims with a drafting system and a grinding cleaning device (30c) for the upper cylinders of the drafting system.

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