EP0447436A1 - Procede de separation electrostatique de particules solides et d'aerosols contenus dans des gaz - Google Patents

Procede de separation electrostatique de particules solides et d'aerosols contenus dans des gaz

Info

Publication number
EP0447436A1
EP0447436A1 EP19900900185 EP90900185A EP0447436A1 EP 0447436 A1 EP0447436 A1 EP 0447436A1 EP 19900900185 EP19900900185 EP 19900900185 EP 90900185 A EP90900185 A EP 90900185A EP 0447436 A1 EP0447436 A1 EP 0447436A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plates
gas
wires
ionization
ionization wires
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19900900185
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthaeus Siebenhofer
Gerhard Malischnig
Werner Reichmann
Heimo Maier
Erhard Veiter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RHI AG
Original Assignee
Radex Heraklith Industriebeteiligungs AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Radex Heraklith Industriebeteiligungs AG filed Critical Radex Heraklith Industriebeteiligungs AG
Publication of EP0447436A1 publication Critical patent/EP0447436A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
    • B03C3/014—Addition of water; Heat exchange, e.g. by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/53—Liquid, or liquid-film, electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for separating solid particles and aerosols from gases.
  • Various wet and dry electrostatic filters are known in order to separate small solid particles and aerosols from gaseous or aerosol-like substances, in particular exhaust gases.
  • the invention relates to such a device for wet separation.
  • an electrical wet filter is known, in which the gas is first passed through an ionizing device which consists of several, positively charged metal wires, which run vertically and are arranged at a distance from one another, between which are also charged wire-shaped counter electrodes are arranged.
  • the gas passes from the ionizing device into the electrostatic field of a filter which consists of a group of parallel plate electrodes, one plate alternately connected to the positive pole of a voltage source, while the other plate in between is connected to the negative pole.
  • the plate electrodes are made of glass and are surrounded by a water film, the actual electrode being formed by the conductive water film.
  • the plates are rinsed via pipes which are arranged in the vicinity of the upper edge of the plates and in which nozzle holes are formed, so that the water jets from the pipes obliquely downwards to the side surfaces of the glass plates on their upper edge in torrents of numerous fine rays are directed.
  • the known electrostatic filter has various disadvantages. Because the ionizing device lies in front of the actual separating plates, there is a risk that ionized solid particles predominantly attach to the front edges of the plates in the gas supply direction, the edges in particular not being completely flushed due to the described spraying of the plates via nozzles that it cannot always be ensured that the solid particles are immediately and completely carried away with the washing liquid. In addition, there is a risk that the water film at the plate edges will tear off due to the horizontal injection of the exhaust gas to be treated, whereby the degree of separation is further deteriorated. At the same time there is a risk of short circuits.
  • a so-called tubular filter is known from FR-A-25 75 675, the inner wall of which is flushed over the entire surface via a water reservoir arranged on the circumference, but in which there is only very small separation area and thus a low specific gas throughput rate with a high outlay on equipment.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a wet ionization washer which enables a high gas throughput rate and a high degree of separation of solid particles from the gases or aerosols passed through, with the least possible outlay on equipment.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that this can be achieved with a device which consists of a plurality of plates which are arranged parallel to one another and at a distance and are connected as electrodes with a specific charge and are continuously and completely flushed with a washing liquid the ionization wires run in the interspaces between adjacent plates, which have a different charge compared to the plates.
  • the solid particles introduced into the spaces between the plates with the gas flow are provided with a charge corresponding to the ionization wires in the area between the plates and then attracted directly by the plates connected as counterelectrodes, where they are quickly washed with a washing liquid due to the full surface area and be completely removed together with the solid particles into a collecting basin for discharging the washing liquid.
  • the arrangement of the ionization wires between the individual plates ensures that the charged solid particles move in a targeted manner via the shortest route to the plate electrodes and cannot adhere to edges or non-washed surface sections.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in detail by the features of claim 1.
  • the ionization wires vertically between the plates, this preferably being done in such a way that the wires lie in an (imaginary) vertical plane with one another.
  • the gas supply is preferably horizontal and the wires are then arranged on the end section facing the gas supply between the plates, so that the ionization of the solid particles takes place uniformly and immediately after the gas flow between the plates.
  • a washing liquid which preferably has its own electrical conductivity, (from top to bottom) with distributor channels which are open at the top and directly on the upper edge of each plate to be ordered.
  • the washing liquid then runs over the edge of the troughs, first over the outer surface of the troughs and then over the entire length of the plates evenly and over the entire surface of their surface.
  • the channels can have a greater width than the plates.
  • Auc-h in the case of a gas supply in countercurrent prevents the liquid film from detaching, since the lower edges of the plates are always rinsed over the entire length / width and new water is constantly being added from above.
  • an advantageous embodiment provides for the wires to be arranged at an angle of less than 90 ° to the horizontal between adjacent plates. This has the advantage that any water droplets that should deposit on the toning wires (also called spray wires) are immediately drained towards the lower-lying end, so that there is a risk of Short circuit between adjacent plates with the same charge is reliably prevented.
  • the inclination of the spray wires to the horizontal is preferably between 10 and 30 degrees.
  • a more or less high voltage can be applied to the spray wires.
  • the distance between the plates and the applied voltage will depend on the quality and quantity of the gas / aerosol to be cleaned. If the voltage is correspondingly high, a single “spray plane” made of spray wires will suffice, that is to say that only one ionization wire then runs between adjacent plates. If a lower energy has to be selected or in order to further improve the degree of separation, it is proposed in a further alternative to arrange several "spraying levels" between the plates. A plurality of spray wires then run between adjacent plates at a distance from one another, whereby adjacent spray wires between adjacent plates are in turn preferably arranged in one plane. The individual "spray levels" can be connected together or separately to a voltage source.
  • the distribution channels described above on the upper edges of the plates, over the edge of which the washing liquid runs onto the plates, have the advantage that dispersions can also be used for washing.
  • the device according to the invention thus has a further advantage over the electrical filter known from DE-A-31 52 216, in which the washing liquid is sprayed onto the plates via nozzles because these nozzles can easily become blocked when dispersions are used.
  • the distribution channel can consist of a tube that is cut open on the top.
  • the distribution channel can be designed with a weir for easy distribution of the flushing liquid. In order to achieve large separation areas in particular, it is proposed to arrange separation aids between the washed plates and at a sufficient distance from the spray wires, which are wetted by the washing liquid.
  • aqueous solutions of acidic or basic electrolytes, surfactant-containing solutions or polyelectrolytes can be used as the washing liquid.
  • the evaporative cooler is a kind of high-performance absorber and can consist of a spray washer or a fixed bed which is sprayed with a washing liquid.
  • the gas / aerosol is cooled down to the dew point.
  • Coarser solid particles are already separated. Solid particles in aerosol form are passed through the fixed bed or the spray scrubber and then preferably separated in countercurrent through the subsequent wet ionization scrubber of the type described above.
  • This alternative essentially represents a two-stage process, which is particularly advantageous in the case of heavily polluted exhaust gases and tar-like, acidic, basic and salt-like aerosols from exhaust gases.
  • the overall device then preferably consists of a vertical tower with a first spray level through which the exhaust gas is first passed before it reaches the wet ionization washer. It can the washing liquid from the wet ionization washer can be used again in the upstream spray stage; however, it is also possible to design the spray washer with a separate feed device for a washing liquid and to separate the washing liquid from the wet ionization wash.
  • the evaporative cooler is formed by a fixed bed, it can consist, for example, of a packed bed or an ordered packing, for example a woven packing.
  • FIG. 1 a side view - partly in section - of a first embodiment of a wet electrostatic filter
  • FIG. 2 a perspective view of the assignment of separating plates and spray wires of the device according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of a second embodiment of a wet ionization scrubber with a high-performance absorber connected upstream
  • FIG. 4 an alternative assignment of the spray wires to the separating plates in the device according to FIG. 3.
  • the device according to FIG. 1 comprises a cylinder-shaped housing 10 with a rectangular cross-section which merges at both ends via a cone 12 into a feed pipe 14 or an outlet pipe 16 for the exhaust gas to be cleaned.
  • a fan 18 for conveying the exhaust gas G through the device (the housing 10) is arranged.
  • a plurality of vertically aligned plates 20 are arranged in parallel and at a distance from one another in the housing 10.
  • the plates 20 are connected to one another via spacers.
  • the plate spacing is the same in each case and an ionization wire (spray wire) 22 runs between adjacent plates 20 such that the spray wires 22 lie one below the other within an (imaginary) plane.
  • the vertically running spray wires 22 are - as can be seen in FIG. 1 - arranged at the gas inlet end of the plates 20 at a distance behind the front end faces 20a.
  • the spray wires 22 each run at the same distance between adjacent plates 20 and protrude above the plates 20 upwards and downwards, where they are fastened on horizontally running clamping brackets 24 (FIG. 2), which are insulated from the outside by insulators 26 are.
  • the plates 20 are flat and free of notches.
  • a distributor channel 28 is arranged in each case on the upper edge 20 b of each plate 20, a distributor channel 28 is arranged. It can be designed as a weir that tapers conically to the plate edge 20b; FIG. 2 shows a form in which the distributor channel 28 is formed by a tube which is firmly connected to the associated plate 20. The diameter of the pipe 28 is greater than the thickness of the associated plate 20, so that the distribution channel 28 slightly extends beyond the plate 20 on both sides.
  • the channel 28 is open at the top and is fed via a feed direction (not shown) with a washing liquid which overflows on both sides over the edges of the channel 28 at a given time and then along the outer wall of the channel 28 onto the outer surfaces of the plate 20 reached, which is flushed over the entire surface and evenly.
  • a feed direction not shown
  • these sections can be covered with a reinforced rinse water film. This design feature takes into account in particular the increased pollutant separation at the front end section of the plates 20 in the gas supply direction.
  • the plates 20 on the one hand and the spray wires 22 on the other hand must be provided with a different charge.
  • the spray wires 22 are positive and the plates 20 are charged negatively, or the plates 20 form the earth potential, for which purpose a voltage source (not shown) is used.
  • the fine particles which are contained in the gas which is blown into the housing 10 via the gas inlet connector 14 are then charged up (here: positive) when they pass the spray wires 22 and are then applied by the plates 20 which act as counter electrodes ⁇ moved where they encounter the continuous water film and are immediately and completely discharged down with it.
  • the bottom 30 of the housing has openings, not shown in detail, through which the washing liquid reaches a collecting basin 32.
  • the flushing water stream containing the solid particles then preferably passes through a clarifier.
  • FIG. 3 another embodiment of the device is shown, which is angeor net here in the upper part of a tower 34.
  • the device consists of a plurality of water-rinsed plates 20 which are arranged in parallel and at a distance from one another and which are suspended from a support structure 36 on the upper side. Above each plate there is a rinsing channel 28 analogous to FIGS. 1, 2. The water feed is schematically identified by 38.
  • a spray wire 22 runs between two adjacent plates 20, which, however, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1, 2, is arranged horizontally, specifically in the region of the lower end section of the plates 20.
  • the spray wires 22 become at their ends , which each protrude from the plates 20, stretched over bows 40, which are insulated from earth by insulators.
  • These spray wires 22 are arranged so that they lie in an (imaginary) horizontal plane.
  • an evaporative cooling zone 42 is arranged in the tower 34, which extends over the entire cross section of the tower 34 and is designed here as a countercurrent spray washer.
  • a spray head 44 is arranged in the center of the tower 34 and is supplied with a separate wash water stream 48 via a line 46.
  • the spray liquid 44 is sprayed in a star shape over the entire cross-sectional area of the evaporative cooler 42, which consists of a gas-permeable plastic network.
  • the exhaust gas / aerosol is conveyed through the tower 34 via a blower via an inlet connection 14 located at the lower end of the tower 34 and then passes through the tower 34 from bottom to top.
  • the exhaust gas first passes through the evaporative cooler 42, where a first separation of coarse particles takes place.
  • the coarser particles are taken up by the sprayed-on washing liquid and, owing to the gravitation with the washing water flow, are returned to the bottom area of the tower 34 against the gas direction G and discharged laterally via an outlet 50 below the gas inlet connection 14.
  • the exhaust gas which has already been conditioned in this way, flows further upwards under the action of the fan and then reaches the actual wet ionization washer, in which the particulate gas constituents first ionize in the area of the first spray level (spray wires 22) and then by separation on the flushing water film flowing off the plates the way described above are deposited.
  • the gas cleaned further flows through the tower 34 upwards until it reaches the region of the second spray level (spray wires 22a), where any solid particles still remaining in the gas are removed in the same way
  • the separation effect of the system described is particularly high, because the described distribution channels ensure that the plates 20 are completely flushed and the fine particles separated in the area of the spray levels always reach the counterelectrodes (plates 20) by the shortest route and with the Flushing water flow are carried away.
  • the gas is therefore conducted in countercurrent to the flushing liquid.
  • the device according to FIGS. 1, 2 works in a so-called cross flow, that is to say the gas is guided through the ionization device (plates 20, spray wires 22) perpendicular to the flow direction of the washing liquid.
  • these can also, as shown in FIG. 4, be arranged at an angle alpha to the horizontal.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that water droplets, which may deposit on the spray wires 22, 22a, are led to the lower end of the spray wire and thus away from the actual ionization device, as a result of which the risk of a short circuit between the spray wires 22 and the adjacent plates 20 can be prevented.
  • the distance between the plates depends on the voltage applied to the spray wires 22, 22a, taking into account the limited dielectric strength of the non-heated insulators used in the ionizing device, which preferably results in working voltages of up to + 20 kV or - 20 kV when treating moist gases . Accordingly, depending on the gas to be treated, plate spacings of 15 to 60 mm are preferred.
  • the panels themselves can be made of practically any material and are usually grounded. In any case, the board material should be easily wettable and resistant to the respective area of application. Furthermore, the plates should have the smoothest possible surface in order to prevent the washing liquid from tearing off.

Landscapes

  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif de séparation électrostatique de particules solides et d'aérosols contenus dans des gaz utilise des plaques d'électrodes (20) arrosées (28).
EP19900900185 1988-12-07 1989-12-06 Procede de separation electrostatique de particules solides et d'aerosols contenus dans des gaz Withdrawn EP0447436A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT300388A AT390205B (de) 1988-12-07 1988-12-07 Vorrichtung zum abscheiden von feinstaeuben sowie aerosolen aus abgasen
AT3003/88 1988-12-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0447436A1 true EP0447436A1 (fr) 1991-09-25

Family

ID=3543805

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900900185 Withdrawn EP0447436A1 (fr) 1988-12-07 1989-12-06 Procede de separation electrostatique de particules solides et d'aerosols contenus dans des gaz

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0447436A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT390205B (fr)
AU (1) AU4759490A (fr)
CA (1) CA2004748A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK503189A (fr)
FI (1) FI894862A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990006181A1 (fr)
YU (1) YU47211B (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2864453B1 (fr) * 2003-12-26 2006-02-24 Eurovia Procede de traitement de fumees generees au cours de la fabrication, transformation et/ou manipulation de produits d'origine petroliere
DE102008046409C5 (de) * 2008-09-04 2013-08-22 Eisenmann Ag Verfahren zum Entfernen von Feststoffen aus beim Lackieren von Gegenständen entstehendem Overspray
DE102013225607A1 (de) * 2013-12-11 2015-06-11 Aws Group Ag System, Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Reinigung eines Gasstroms
CN111228977A (zh) * 2020-03-19 2020-06-05 浙江嘉福新材料科技有限公司 一种硫酸尾气处理装置及处理工艺

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH362682A (de) * 1958-10-04 1962-06-30 Gema Ag Apparatebau Und Stanze Elektrofilter, insbesondere zum Reinigen von Rauchgasen
JPS5327285U (fr) * 1976-08-13 1978-03-08
FI61815C (fi) * 1980-07-15 1982-10-11 Arvi Artama Elektriskt filter
US4360366A (en) * 1981-10-07 1982-11-23 Dresser Industries, Inc. Liquid distributor for a wet electrostatic precipitator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9006181A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK503189D0 (da) 1989-10-10
FI894862A0 (fi) 1989-10-13
DK503189A (da) 1990-06-08
WO1990006181A1 (fr) 1990-06-14
CA2004748A1 (fr) 1990-06-07
ATA300388A (de) 1989-09-15
YU189589A (en) 1991-02-28
AT390205B (de) 1990-04-10
YU47211B (sh) 1995-01-31
AU4759490A (en) 1990-06-26

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