EP0446046A1 - Filtre pour particules fines provenant de moteurs à diesel - Google Patents

Filtre pour particules fines provenant de moteurs à diesel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0446046A1
EP0446046A1 EP91301894A EP91301894A EP0446046A1 EP 0446046 A1 EP0446046 A1 EP 0446046A1 EP 91301894 A EP91301894 A EP 91301894A EP 91301894 A EP91301894 A EP 91301894A EP 0446046 A1 EP0446046 A1 EP 0446046A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
particulates
structural body
honeycomb structural
sealing members
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91301894A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Toshihiko Hijikata
Satoru Yamada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical NGK Insulators Ltd
Publication of EP0446046A1 publication Critical patent/EP0446046A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filter for particulates from diesel engines, namely, a filter for separating fine particles consisting mainly of carbon in exhaust gases exited from diesel engines.
  • a filter for particulates from diesel engines has been known as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 56-129,020.
  • This patent covers a filter made of a honeycomb structural body characterized by thin thickness of partition walls and large specific surface area per unit volume of the honeycomb structural body.
  • the filter is a honeycomb structural body made of a porous ceramic material and having a number of throughholes which are alternately sealed at the inlet and outlet ends of the honeycomb structural body.
  • ceramic filters As a diesel particulates filter, ceramic filters have been used because of their large thermal shock resistance, durability, and easiness for designing compact structures, etc. However, even such ceramic filters can not avoid accumulation of particulates thereon, which incurs high pressure drop and consequently deterioration of the performance of diesel engines.
  • a method has been practiced wherein the entire filter is heated to an elevated temperature to burn out and remove the deposited particulates.
  • a method has been known wherein an electric heater is provided on the exhaust gas inlet side of the filter to ignite a fire and propagate the fire on the deposited particulates. The method has been widely used because of its simplicity, low cost, and high reliability.
  • Requisite temperature for the method is at least 600°C, so that it requires a high electric capacity of about 2 KW.
  • consumption of a battery which supplies the electric power is quite large in practice, so that the capacity of the electric heater has to be suppressed to the minimum necessary for the burning of the particulates.
  • the filter for diesel particulates has a large heat capacity and a low heat conductivity, so that the above necessary temperature is not always ensured.
  • the electric heater has a low capacity, the temperature of a filter for diesel particulates can not be raised sufficiently, so that combustion of the accumulated particulates becomes insufficient. As a result, unburned residue of the accumulated particulates remains, so that the regeneration efficiency of the filter becomes inferior and hence the pressure drop of the filter becomes high.
  • An object of the present invention is to obviate the above problems and drawbacks.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a filter for diesel particulates which can practically and sufficiently burn accumulated particulates each time even by means of an electric heater of a small capacity.
  • the present invention is a filter for separating particulates in exhaust gases emitted from diesel engines.
  • This filter comprises a honeycomb structural body having a number of throughholes which are defined by the partition walls that separate particles. These throughholes are alternately sealed at the inlet and outlet ends of the honeycomb structural body by sealing membrs. At least the sealing members at the inlet end must be partially or wholly made of a material having an emissivity of a minimum of 0.6 at the outer surface of the inlet end of the honeycomb structural body.
  • the filter is constructed in such a fashion that the inlet end surface of the honeycomb structural body is sealed by sealing members of the desired emissivity, the filter can efficiently absorb heat emanated from a heat source for combustion, so that the deposited particulates are satisfactorily burned.
  • FIG. 1 a cross-section of a first embodiment of the present filter is shown, wherein the filter has partition walls 1 and throughholes 2, 2 defined by the partition walls 1 and formed in parallel to each other, thus forming a honeycomb structural body.
  • the throughholes 2 are alternately sealed at the inlet and outlet ends by sealing members 3 and 4, so that respective throughholes 2, 2 are sealed at only one end to form a checkerboard pattern or an alternate-rows pattern of the sealing members 3 and 4 on end surface.
  • sealing members 3 and 4 plug the throughholes 2, 2 and the end surfaces of the sealing members 3 and 4 are located in the same plane as those of partition walls 1.
  • a sealing member located at the exhaust gas inlet side of the filter is sealing member 3, and a sealing member located at the exhaust gas outlet side is sealing member 4.
  • a second embodiment of the present filter is shown, wherein thin plate-shaped portions or parts 6 are located on the gas inlet side sealing member 3 at the inlet side of the filter.
  • the thin plate-shaped parts 6 are positioned on the plane of the inlet side sealing members 3 as well as the ends of the partition walls 1.
  • the inlet side sealing members 3 in Example 1 and the thin plate-shaped parts 6 in Example 2 are made of a material of high emissivity, for improving the heat absorption of the filter. More concretely explaining, they are made of a material of an emissivity of at least 0.6.
  • the inlet side sealing members 3 in Example 2 need not be a material of an emissivity of at least 0.6.
  • the thin plate-shaped parts 6 and the inlet side sealing members 3 are shown as separate elements from each other, they may be formed as an integral element with each other, as the case may be.
  • the filter can efficiently absorb the heat generated by the electric heater 5 and hence temperature elevation of the whole filter can be improved, so that the heat capacity of the electric heater 5 can be made small and consumption of a battery supplying an electric power to the heater 5 can be mitigated.
  • the inlet side sealing member 3, the thin plate-shaped part 6, and the honeycomb structural body consist of cordierite material.
  • Both the inlet side sealing member 3 and the outlet side sealing member 4 had a length of 10-15 mm in the axial direction of the throughholes 2.
  • the outlet side sealing member 4 was formed of a well-known cordierite. Meanwhile, the inlet side sealing member 3 was made of compositions wherein desired amounts of Fe2O3, CoCO3, MnO2, etc. was mixed with 100 parts of cordierite to prepare Sample Nos. 1-3 with the design of Example 1.
  • the thin plate-shaped parts 6 of Sample No. 4 prepared with the design of Example 2 were 1 mm thick and made of the same composition as the sealing members 3 of Sample No. 2.
  • the temperature of the whole filter becomes higher in accordance with increase of the emissivity of the sealing member 3 and the thin plate-shaped part 6 and that an emissivity of at least 0.6 is necessary for obtaining a temperature of at least 600°C required for igniting accumulated particulates and propagating the fire.
  • the filters were mounted on a 2.8 l diesel engine and operated at a condition of 2,300 rpm and a 3/4 load of the engine up to a pressure difference of the filter of 3,000 mmH2O accumulating about 20 g of particulates. Thereafter, the filters were heated by a 2 KW electric heater, while supplying 25 l/min of air. The maximum temperatures in the filters were measured during the regenerations and regeneration efficiencies were calculated as combustion rate of accumulated particulates from filter weights before and after the regeneration. Also, the filter damages were inspected after regeneration with an aid of a steromicroscope of a magnification of 20X.
  • Fig. 4 Relations between the above regeneration efficiencies and the emissivities are shown in Fig. 4.
  • the filters of prior art and referential example have very low regeneration efficiencies of around 50% because of low emissivities of the sealing members 3 as compared with the filters of the present invention.
  • Regeneration efficiencies of the filters of the present invention become high in accordance with increase of their emissivities in a range of at least 60%.
  • the filter of the present invention has sealing members of a high emissivity of at least 0.6 at the inlet side thereof, so that a broad range of accumulated particulates can be efficiently burned when regenerating the filter by supplying a radiation heat thereto from a heat source. Therefore, it can be prevented that the filter per se is damaged because of unburned residues of accumulated particulates during repeating the regeneration of the filter. Moreover, the regeneration can be performed with efficient use of heat, so that the capacity of the heat source can be made small or suppressed as well as the consumption of the battery.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
EP91301894A 1990-03-08 1991-03-07 Filtre pour particules fines provenant de moteurs à diesel Withdrawn EP0446046A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP55028/90 1990-03-08
JP2055028A JPH03258911A (ja) 1990-03-08 1990-03-08 ディーゼル微粒子用フィルタ

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0446046A1 true EP0446046A1 (fr) 1991-09-11

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ID=12987216

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91301894A Withdrawn EP0446046A1 (fr) 1990-03-08 1991-03-07 Filtre pour particules fines provenant de moteurs à diesel

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0446046A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH03258911A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994022556A1 (fr) * 1993-04-05 1994-10-13 Per Stobbe Procede de fermeture d'un passage dans un echantillon de corps de filtrage
FR2841937A1 (fr) 2002-07-08 2004-01-09 Faurecia Sys Echappement Generateur de puissance mecanique comportant un moteur diesel et un convertisseur catalytique
EP1489274A1 (fr) † 2002-03-04 2004-12-22 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Filtre en nid d'abeilles pour la decontamination des gaz d'echappement et appareil de decontamination de gaz d'echappement

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0764455B1 (fr) * 1995-09-25 2002-11-20 Sintokogio, Ltd. Filtre pour l'élimination de particules de suie des gaz d'échappement et dispositif l'utilisant
JPH10121941A (ja) 1996-10-18 1998-05-12 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 排気ガス浄化装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60193525A (ja) * 1984-03-16 1985-10-02 Kanagawaken 蝋型焼成用電気炉における排ガスの消煙消臭装置
US4662911A (en) * 1982-03-18 1987-05-05 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Equipment for trapping particulates in engine exhaust gas
EP0275827A1 (fr) * 1986-12-23 1988-07-27 Alusuisse-Lonza Services Ag Filtre pour purifier les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4662911A (en) * 1982-03-18 1987-05-05 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Equipment for trapping particulates in engine exhaust gas
JPS60193525A (ja) * 1984-03-16 1985-10-02 Kanagawaken 蝋型焼成用電気炉における排ガスの消煙消臭装置
EP0275827A1 (fr) * 1986-12-23 1988-07-27 Alusuisse-Lonza Services Ag Filtre pour purifier les gaz d'échappement de moteurs diesel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 10, no. 49 (C-330)(2106) 26 February 1986, & JP-A-60 193525 (KANAGAWAKEN) 2 October 1985, *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994022556A1 (fr) * 1993-04-05 1994-10-13 Per Stobbe Procede de fermeture d'un passage dans un echantillon de corps de filtrage
EP1489274A1 (fr) † 2002-03-04 2004-12-22 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Filtre en nid d'abeilles pour la decontamination des gaz d'echappement et appareil de decontamination de gaz d'echappement
EP1489274B2 (fr) † 2002-03-04 2013-06-05 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Utilisation d'un filtre en nid d'abeilles pour la purification des gaz d'echappement
FR2841937A1 (fr) 2002-07-08 2004-01-09 Faurecia Sys Echappement Generateur de puissance mecanique comportant un moteur diesel et un convertisseur catalytique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH03258911A (ja) 1991-11-19

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