EP0439981B1 - Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de produits métalliques thixotropes par coulée continue avec brassage électromagnétique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de produits métalliques thixotropes par coulée continue avec brassage électromagnétique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0439981B1
EP0439981B1 EP90420578A EP90420578A EP0439981B1 EP 0439981 B1 EP0439981 B1 EP 0439981B1 EP 90420578 A EP90420578 A EP 90420578A EP 90420578 A EP90420578 A EP 90420578A EP 0439981 B1 EP0439981 B1 EP 0439981B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mould
axis
discs
windings
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90420578A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0439981A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Luc Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto France SAS
Original Assignee
Aluminium Pechiney SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aluminium Pechiney SA filed Critical Aluminium Pechiney SA
Publication of EP0439981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0439981A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0439981B1 publication Critical patent/EP0439981B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/12—Making non-ferrous alloys by processing in a semi-solid state, e.g. holding the alloy in the solid-liquid phase
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S164/00—Metal founding
    • Y10S164/90—Rheo-casting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for manufacturing thixotropic metal products by continuous casting of plates or billets of circular, elliptical or polygonal section.
  • a thixotropic metal product is a metal product having a non-dendritic primary phase consisting in particular of dendrites degenerated into roughly spherical nodules.
  • thixotropic products provide advantages during their shaping compared to conventional products: the shaping energy is lower, the cooling time shorter, the shrinkage reduced, the wear of the molds and die reduced.
  • US Patent 3,948,650 (equivalent to French Patent 2,141,979) describes a casting process which consists in raising the temperature of a composition to the liquid state, in cooling to cause partial solidification and in vigorous stirring of the liquid-solid mixture to breaking the dendrites and transforming them into degenerate substantially spherical nodules representing up to approximately 65% by weight of the initial composition.
  • US patent 4434837 describes an electromagnetic stirring device applied to the continuous casting of thixotropic metal in which a two-pole stator creates a magnetic field rotating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the mold and directed towards this axis. The interaction of this field with the current induced in the metal parallel to this axis generates electromagnetic forces located in a horizontal and tangential plane at the ingot mold resulting in a shear rate of at least 500 sec ⁇ 1.
  • the patent US 4482012 describes an improvement consisting in using an ingot mold formed by two chambers connected to each other by a non-conductive seal, the first of which plays the role of heat exchanger and in the patent US 4565241, conditions of agitation such that the ratio of the shear rate to the solidification rate is between 2.103 and 8.103.
  • the present invention consists in obtaining the transformation of dendrites into nodules by causing a reflow of the surface of these dendrites by a continuous transfer from the cold zone where they form towards a warmer zone. According to the invention, it is therefore an essentially thermal effect.
  • the liquid metal is poured into a mold with a vertical or horizontal axis with a movable bottom consisting of: of a so-called hot upstream part whose wall or at least its internal face is made of a heat insulating material of a so-called cold downstream part, the wall of which, at least partially, made of a heat conducting material is in external contact with a cooling fluid.
  • a solidification front is formed, as in known manner in continuous casting, represented in FIG. 1 by the reference 7.
  • a liquid-solid zone made up of primary crystals suspended in still liquid metal.
  • the invention consists in printing on this liquid metal in the course of solidification a movement represented by the arrow of FIG. 1, ensuring a transfer of the primary crystals from the cold zone to the hot zone in a time less than or equal to 1 second to cause a reflow on the surface of the dendritic crystals and transform them into degenerate nodules.
  • This transfer movement is provided by one or more polyphase inductors, the arrangement of which is explained below.
  • the continuous casting apparatus intended for implementing the invention is shown in vertical half-section in FIG. 1. This is an example illustrating a particular embodiment of the invention, that of a vertical casting; similar devices, having the same functions are found in another embodiment of the invention that of a horizontal casting.
  • the device intended for pouring, solidifying and extracting the metal will be described successively, then the electromagnetic device intended to ensure the circulation of the metal.
  • the electromagnetic stirring device whose combination with the pouring device constitutes the invention consists of one or more inductors supplied with polyphase current surrounding the entire casting device, hot zone and cold zone.
  • any type of n-phase current can be used, in practice we will obviously use the three-phase current: this is what is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • six successive windings A, B, C, D, E, F have been represented from top to bottom of the figure. These windings are placed in planes perpendicular to the casting axis.
  • the casting speed was 150 mm / minute.
  • the casting temperature was 640 ° C.
  • the upstream part of the mold consisted of a ring of refractory material with an internal diameter of 145 mm and a height of 100 mm.
  • the downstream part had the classic form of an ingot mold for the casting of this type of alloy in this diameter.
  • a linear cylindrical motor with a total winding height of 180mm surrounded these two parts. It consisted of 9 windings, each made using 15 copper discs 1 mm thick, 200 mm internal diameter and 300 mm external diameter.
  • the assembly was supplied with three-phase star mounting and the voltage applied between phases was 15 volts.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
EP90420578A 1990-01-04 1990-12-28 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de produits métalliques thixotropes par coulée continue avec brassage électromagnétique Expired - Lifetime EP0439981B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9000516 1990-01-04
FR9000516A FR2656552B1 (fr) 1990-01-04 1990-01-04 Procede de fabrication de produits metalliques thixotropes par coulee continue avec brassage electromagnetique en courant polyphase.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0439981A1 EP0439981A1 (fr) 1991-08-07
EP0439981B1 true EP0439981B1 (fr) 1994-08-31

Family

ID=9392863

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90420578A Expired - Lifetime EP0439981B1 (fr) 1990-01-04 1990-12-28 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de produits métalliques thixotropes par coulée continue avec brassage électromagnétique

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5219018A (da)
EP (1) EP0439981B1 (da)
JP (1) JPH084877B2 (da)
AT (1) ATE110603T1 (da)
AU (1) AU634845B2 (da)
CA (1) CA2033233C (da)
DE (1) DE69012090T2 (da)
DK (1) DK0439981T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2060118T3 (da)
FR (1) FR2656552B1 (da)
NO (1) NO177560C (da)
NZ (1) NZ236594A (da)

Families Citing this family (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2772765B2 (ja) * 1994-10-14 1998-07-09 本田技研工業株式会社 チクソキャスティング用鋳造材料の加熱方法
JPH093581A (ja) * 1995-06-15 1997-01-07 Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd 疲労強度の高いアルミニウム鍛造品及び製造方法
FR2746414B1 (fr) * 1996-03-20 1998-04-30 Pechiney Aluminium Alliage thixotrope aluminium-silicium-cuivre pour mise en forme a l'etat semi-solide
US5887640A (en) 1996-10-04 1999-03-30 Semi-Solid Technologies Inc. Apparatus and method for semi-solid material production
US5881796A (en) * 1996-10-04 1999-03-16 Semi-Solid Technologies Inc. Apparatus and method for integrated semi-solid material production and casting
DE19738821A1 (de) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-11 Aeg Elotherm Gmbh Vorrichtung zum elektromagnetischen Rühren einer Metallschmelze
US6397925B1 (en) * 1998-03-05 2002-06-04 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Agitated continuous casting apparatus
EP0941786B1 (en) * 1998-03-13 2004-01-21 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process and apparatus for lubricating continuously cast light alloys
EP1121214A4 (en) 1998-07-24 2005-04-13 Gibbs Die Casting Aluminum SEMI-SOLID MOLDING METHOD AND APPARATUS
US6845809B1 (en) 1999-02-17 2005-01-25 Aemp Corporation Apparatus for and method of producing on-demand semi-solid material for castings
FR2794669A1 (fr) 1999-06-08 2000-12-15 Michelin Soc Tech Procede de fabrication d'une piece metallique, telle qu'une partie de roue destinee au roulage d'un vehicule, et une telle roue
US6796362B2 (en) 2000-06-01 2004-09-28 Brunswick Corporation Apparatus for producing a metallic slurry material for use in semi-solid forming of shaped parts
US6399017B1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2002-06-04 Aemp Corporation Method and apparatus for containing and ejecting a thixotropic metal slurry
US6402367B1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2002-06-11 Aemp Corporation Method and apparatus for magnetically stirring a thixotropic metal slurry
US6432160B1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2002-08-13 Aemp Corporation Method and apparatus for making a thixotropic metal slurry
US7024342B1 (en) 2000-07-01 2006-04-04 Mercury Marine Thermal flow simulation for casting/molding processes
US6611736B1 (en) 2000-07-01 2003-08-26 Aemp Corporation Equal order method for fluid flow simulation
US6742567B2 (en) * 2001-08-17 2004-06-01 Brunswick Corporation Apparatus for and method of producing slurry material without stirring for application in semi-solid forming
US6964199B2 (en) * 2001-11-02 2005-11-15 Cantocor, Inc. Methods and compositions for enhanced protein expression and/or growth of cultured cells using co-transcription of a Bcl2 encoding nucleic acid
US20050126737A1 (en) * 2003-12-04 2005-06-16 Yurko James A. Process for casting a semi-solid metal alloy
US7648933B2 (en) * 2006-01-13 2010-01-19 Dynamic Abrasives Llc Composition comprising spinel crystals, glass, and calcium iron silicate
CN100369699C (zh) * 2006-04-29 2008-02-20 东北大学 一种抑制高合金化铝合金方坯裂纹的方法与设备
EP2207638B1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2023-07-12 Ajax Tocco Magnethermic Corporation Semi-liquid metal processing and sensing device and method of using same
US8047258B1 (en) 2008-07-18 2011-11-01 Brunswick Corporation Die casting method for semi-solid billets
JP5360591B2 (ja) * 2009-01-08 2013-12-04 日本軽金属株式会社 アルミニウム合金鋳塊およびその製造方法
RU2457064C1 (ru) * 2011-03-03 2012-07-27 Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Сибирский Федеральный Университет" (Сфу) Способ для непрерывной и полунепрерывной разливки алюминиевых сплавов и устройство для его осуществления
JP5431438B2 (ja) * 2011-11-10 2014-03-05 高橋 謙三 攪拌装置付き連続鋳造用鋳型装置
US9574826B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2017-02-21 Ajax Tocco Magnethermic Corporation Crucible and dual frequency control method for semi-liquid metal processing
EP3826787B1 (en) * 2018-07-25 2024-02-21 Southwire Company, LLC Ultrasonic enhancement of direct chill cast materials
EP4076788B1 (en) * 2019-12-20 2024-05-15 Novelis, Inc. A 7xxx series aluminum alloys ingot and a method for direct chill casting

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB705762A (en) * 1951-10-15 1954-03-17 Skf Svenska Kullagerfab Ab Improvements relating to the continuous casting of metals
US4200137A (en) * 1975-04-22 1980-04-29 Republic Steel Corporation Process and apparatus for the continuous casting of metal using electromagnetic stirring
FR2355392A1 (fr) * 1976-06-14 1978-01-13 Cem Comp Electro Mec Inducteur de centrifugation electromagnetique notamment pour lingotiere de coulee continue
GB2013542B (en) * 1978-02-01 1982-01-20 Concast Ag Continuous casting mould
US4465118A (en) * 1981-07-02 1984-08-14 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Process and apparatus having improved efficiency for producing a semi-solid slurry
US4482012A (en) * 1982-06-01 1984-11-13 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Process and apparatus for continuous slurry casting
FR2634677B1 (fr) * 1988-07-07 1990-09-21 Pechiney Aluminium Procede de fabrication par coulee continue de produits metalliques thixotropes
ATE84637T1 (de) * 1989-06-29 1993-01-15 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur identifikation integrierter halbleiterschaltkreise.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NZ236594A (en) 1992-12-23
NO177560C (no) 1995-10-11
CA2033233C (fr) 1995-10-31
JPH084877B2 (ja) 1996-01-24
ATE110603T1 (de) 1994-09-15
FR2656552B1 (fr) 1995-01-13
JPH0768345A (ja) 1995-03-14
CA2033233A1 (fr) 1991-07-05
DE69012090T2 (de) 1995-01-26
DK0439981T3 (da) 1994-10-03
NO910019D0 (no) 1991-01-03
FR2656552A1 (fr) 1991-07-05
AU6860491A (en) 1991-07-11
DE69012090D1 (de) 1994-10-06
NO910019L (no) 1991-07-05
NO177560B (no) 1995-07-03
ES2060118T3 (es) 1994-11-16
EP0439981A1 (fr) 1991-08-07
US5219018A (en) 1993-06-15
AU634845B2 (en) 1993-03-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0439981B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de produits métalliques thixotropes par coulée continue avec brassage électromagnétique
EP0351327B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication par coulée continue de produits métalliques thixotropes
EP0275228B1 (fr) Dispositif de fusion et coulée continue de métaux, son procédé de mise en oeuvre et son utilisation
CA2841291C (fr) Procede de coulee semi-continue verticale multi-alliages
EP0083898B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication de corps creux par coulée continue à l'aide d'un champ magnétique et dispositif de mise en oeuvre du procédé
FR2480154A1 (fr) Procede et appareil de coulee electromagnetique de bandes minces
CA2017132C (fr) Creuset froid a vidange par le fond
EP0437153A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour la coulée continue de composites à matrice métallique renforcée par des particules d'un matériau céramique réfractaire
EP0241387A1 (fr) Lingotière permettant de régler le niveau suivant lequel elle est en contact avec la surface libre du métal dans une coulée verticale
WO1986001756A1 (fr) Procede de reglage du niveau de la ligne de contact de la surface libre du metal avec la lingotiere dans une coulee verticale continue
EP0249565B1 (fr) Dispositif de réglage du niveau de la ligne de contact de la surface libre du métal avec la lingotière dans une coulée verticale
FR2526689A1 (fr) Procede et appareil pour la coulee continue ou semi-continue de lingots de metal
FR2498961A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de fabrication de lingots plaques
EP0115711B1 (fr) Procédé de préparation de plaques d'un matériau métallique ou semi-métallique par moulage sans contact direct avec les parois du moule
FR3090430A1 (fr) Installation et procédé d’obtention d’un produit en alliage de titane ou en intermétallique de titane
BE528869A (da)
FR2614222A1 (fr) Perfectionnement au procede de solidification de metal liquide dans une roue de coulee.
FR2725647A1 (fr) Appareil de coulee de bande, procede de coulee d'une bande de metal
BE1001298A6 (fr) Dispositif de fabrication en continu d'une bande metallique mince.
EP1597002B1 (fr) Lingotiere a metaux a refroidissement rapide et lingots susceptibles d etre obtenus avec celle-ci
WO2007065983A1 (fr) Dispositif de brassage electromagnetique de metal liquide pour ligne de coulee continue
BE505612A (da)
FR2695846A1 (fr) Paroi d'obturation latérale d'une installation de coulée continue des métaux entre parois mobiles et installation comportant une telle paroi.
BE430138A (da)
BE473367A (da)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19910905

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19930907

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 110603

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19940915

Kind code of ref document: T

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19940906

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69012090

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19941006

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2060118

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: FG4A

Free format text: 3013126

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 90420578.8

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20051228

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20071223

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20071226

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20071228

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20071204

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20071227

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 20071231

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 20080107

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20071227

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: GR

Payment date: 20071228

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20080131

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20071231

Year of fee payment: 18

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *ALUMINIUM PECHINEY

Effective date: 20081231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: EBP

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20081228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081228

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20090701

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081231

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090701

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090701

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090105

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090703

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20081229

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081229

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20081229