EP0439244B1 - Procédé de nodularisation - Google Patents

Procédé de nodularisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0439244B1
EP0439244B1 EP91300014A EP91300014A EP0439244B1 EP 0439244 B1 EP0439244 B1 EP 0439244B1 EP 91300014 A EP91300014 A EP 91300014A EP 91300014 A EP91300014 A EP 91300014A EP 0439244 B1 EP0439244 B1 EP 0439244B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stage
molten metal
nodularising
agent
nodularising agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91300014A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0439244A1 (fr
Inventor
Geoffrey Mannion
Henry Cecil Canning
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Meehanite Metal Co Ltd
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International Meehanite Metal Co Ltd
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Publication of EP0439244A1 publication Critical patent/EP0439244A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C22C33/10—Making cast-iron alloys including procedures for adding magnesium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the production of nodular iron.
  • Holding nodular cast iron which, may contain, for example, about 0.03% to 0.08% of magnesium leads to the following difficulties.
  • a build up of slag and reaction products can occur especially in the zone adjacent to the filling and pouring spouts and, when fitted, in the inductor channel.
  • Relatively large alloy reaction chambers need to be incorporated in the gating system in order to house the nodularising alloy in quantities ranging, for example, from 0.8% to 1.3% of the casting spray weight which results in a reduction in casting yield of some 5% to 7%.
  • the casting pouring rates need to be carefully controlled to within relatively narrow pre-determined times so as to ensure consistency of nodularisation.
  • FR-A-2 150 329 also describes a process for producing magnesium-treated spheroidal graphite cast iron.
  • the method involves a first pretreatment stage whereby magnesium is added to molten cast iron, followed by heating of the molten cast iron in a furnace to a temperature of at least 1480°C. The cast iron is heated at this temperature until sufficient magnesium has been removed so that the treated iron no longer forms spheroidal graphite.
  • This pretreatment is then followed by the main magnesium treatment which is also carried out in the acid-lined treatment ladle using the pour-on method in an amount just sufficient to form spheroidal graphite.
  • the purpose of the pretreatment stage is to desulphurise and deoxidise the bath and furthermore, the reheating allows the satisfactory cleaning of the base iron.
  • the present invention therefore is directed to a method for the production of nodular graphite cast iron in which a required total amount of nodularising agent is introduced into the molten metal to be treated in at least two stages.
  • the method comprises at least one treatment stage which takes place prior to the introduction of the molten metal into the mould cavity.
  • a first treatment stage a portion of the total amount of nodularising agent is added, as specified in claim 1, to result in molten metal in which only a part of the graphite is in the form of nodules.
  • the method further comprises at least one further treatment stage in which the remainder of the total amount of nodularising agent is added.
  • the molten metal undergoes the final treatment stage, at least a portion of the graphite is in the form of nodules. Hence, as the molten metal undergoes the final treatment stage, the molten metal is partially nodularised.
  • the nodularising agent is introduced, in a first stage, to the molten metal prior to its entry into the mould cavity and, in a second stage, to the metal within the mould cavity.
  • the nodularising agent may be contained in the mould cavity itself or in a chamber associated therewith, prior to introduction of the metal or it may be added to the metal stream during its passage into the mould cavity.
  • the method of introducing the nodularising agent at each stage may be any convenient known method of introducing nodularising agents into molten grey cast iron.
  • the nodularising agent is introduced, in a first stage, by the IMCONOD process as described in European Patent No. 0086549 and, in a second stage, by the INMOLD process as described in British Patent No. 1278265.
  • the nodularising agent is placed in a container supported in the base of a covered jacket or funnel and which has an aperture at the top of its peripheral walls, and optionally one or more other apertures in its peripheral walls remote from the funnel exit.
  • the grey molten metal is poured from via a pouring bush over the nodularising agent held in the container wherein the metal reacts with the nodularising agent and the metal containing the agent is allowed to flow through the apertures in the container into an enclosed space around the additive containers subsequently allowing the molten metal to flow into a pouring ladle arranged beneath the additive container.
  • the molten metal may flow in a zig-zag path and during the process contact of the molten metal with the atmosphere is restricted by means of the covered jacket or funnel housing the container.
  • the partially nodularised molten metal is subsequently processed, in the second nodularisation step, by a conventional technique such as the INMOLD process.
  • the moten metal to be treated is introduced into the mould cavity by way of a conventional pouring system which additionally includes one or more intermediate chambers containing a nodularising agent in an amount sufficient to complete conversion of the graphite to nodular or spheroidal form.
  • the intermediate chamber may, for example, be connected directly to a pouring bush by means of which the mould is filled, or it may be connected directly to a sprue used in filling the mould, or to a feeding riser, runner or ingate of the mould or it may be connected to a whirlgate in the gating system.
  • the nodularising agent is introduced, in a first stage, by the "Pourover” or “Overpour” system, a well known technique discussed in the article by Else et al above, and, in, a second stage, by the INMOLD process.
  • the nodularising agent may be any known agent, including magnesium-containing and non-magnesium-containing nodularising agents as known in the art.
  • the proportion of the nodularising agent which is introduced in the first stage is a matter of choice for the Foundryman and will depend, inter alia, on the particular treatment methods employed, the amount of active component e.g. magnesium contained in the nodulariser, the temperature and sulphur levels of the molten metal.
  • a typical range of proportion would be 20%-80%, preferably 60%-70%, referring to a nodulariser containing 4%-6% magnesium. It should be understood however, that the proportion of nodularising agent introduced in the first stage must be sufficient to ensure that a significant degree of partial nodularisation takes place in the first stage.
  • partial nodularisation used herein describes a structure consisting of graphite nodules and/or malformed nodules and/or compacted graphite flakes.
  • the process according to the invention consists of adding the nodulariser in at least two distinct steps, as compared to conventional methods in which the total amount of the magnesium alloy is added to the metal during one operation.
  • the first step of this process is one of partial nodularisation to a significant degree in contradistinction to pre-conditioning where little or no nodularisation takes place because the composition and quantity of additives used for pre-conditioning merely influence nucleation and response to nodularisation.
  • the first step in the processing cycle consists of adding a part of the nodulariser to the molten metal held in either a ladle or furnace in order to effect partial nodularisation.
  • This metal could optionally be held for an extended time in the partially nodularised condition by adding at intervals further small additions of nodulariser. Alternatively the final stage in the processing cycle could proceed without the holding stage.
  • the final stage consists of complete nodularisation of the metal by the further addition of nodulariser/inoculant to the metal stream either within the mould itself, for example by the INMOLD process or added into the metal stream during entry of the metal into the mould cavity.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are schematic representations of two embodiments respectively of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the process according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 represents a combined pour-over and Inmold system.
  • the nodularising agent is introduced, in a first stage, in the alloy chamber of a ladle 1. Molten metal from a furnace is poured over the nodularising agent contained in the alloy chamber of the ladle 1. In a second stage the partially nodularised molten metal is introduced via the ladle 1 into an Inmold system. Nodularising agent is introduced into a chamber adjoining or associated with the mould cavity.
  • Figure 2 represents a combined Imconod and Inmold system.
  • the nodularising agent in the first stage of the process, is contained within an additive container housed within a jacket or funnel 2.
  • Molten metal from a furnace enters the Imconod system via a pouring bush 3 and the partially nodularised molten metal is collected in a ladle 1 and subsequently enters an Inmold system as in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Nodularising/Inoculant addition (Typical) Metal Treatment Wt. (Nominal) 1000 kg Nodulariser Addition (into IMCONOD unit) (Alloy containing 3.5% - 4.2% Mg, 45-50% Si, 0.5-1.25% Ca, 0.5-1.0% Al, and 1.4-1.6% CeMM (Cerium mischmetal) 22 kg 2.2% (Alloy containing 4.5% - 5.0% Mg, 42-47% Si, 1.25-1.75% Ca, 0.5-1.0% Al and 1.5-2.0% CeMM) 18 kg 1.8% Inoculant addition (in Mould) (Typical inoculant composition: 76.0% Si, 3.50%- 5.0% Al, 0.45%-1.0% Ca, Balance Fe). 0.10%-0.15% Final metal composition (Typical) % :- T.C. Si. Mn. S Mg. 3.70 2.8 0.3 0.01 0.03
  • the structure and mechanical properties of the nodular cast iron produced by the multiple stage process were measured using samples taken from two flywheel castings.
  • the division of the nodularising addition is also advantageous in the holding of metal containing magnesium after the first stage of the nodularisation process.
  • An important advantage of the process according to the invention is that it permits the use of a reaction chamber of much simpler design and of an extremely small surface area.
  • reaction chamber with a small surface area offers practical and economic advantages to the user in that a relatively small amount of space is taken up on the pattern plate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour la production de fonte à graphite sphéroïdal dans lequel on introduit une quantité totale requise d'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal dans le métal en fusion à traiter, en au moins deux étapes qui comprennent:
    (1) au moins une étape de traitement qui intervient avant l'introduction du métal en fusion dans la cavité de moule, et dans lequel, dans une première étape de traitement, on ajoute une portion de la quantité totale de l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal pour obtenir un métal en fusion dans lequel seule une partie du graphite est de forme sphéroïdale, et
    (2) au moins une étape de traitement ultérieure dans laquelle on ajoute le reste de la quantité totale de l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal,
    caractérisé en ce que, lorsqu'on soumet le métal en fusion à l'étape de traitement (2), au moins une portion du graphite est présent sous forme sphéroïdale, dans lequel on ajoute entre 20 et 80% d'une addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal comprenant de 4 à 6% de magnésium au cours de la première étape de traitement.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, qui comprend en outre une étape de maintien qui intervient après l'étape (1) et dans lequel on peut ajouter des quantités supplémentaires d'additions pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel on introduit l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal, dans ladite première étape de traitement, dans le métal en fusion avant son entrée dans la cavité de moule et, dans la seconde étape, dans le métal en fusion dans la cavité de moule.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel, dans la seconde étape, l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal peut être contenue dans la cavité de moule ou dans une chambre associée à cette dernière avant l'introduction du métal en fusion.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel, dans la seconde étape, on ajoute l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal au courant de métal en fusion lors de son passage pour entrer dans la cavité de moule.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel, dans la première étape, on maintient l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal dans un réceptacle logé dans un entonnoir ou dans une enveloppe revêtue pour restreindre le contact du métal en fusion en cours de traitement avec l'atmosphère, ledit réceptacle comportant une ouverture au sommet de ses parois périphériques et, le cas échéant, une ou plusieurs autres ouvertures dans ses parois périphériques, dans lequel on verse le métal en fusion par-dessus l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal maintenue dans le réceptacle, via une brosse de coulée qui s'ouvre directement ou indirectement dans ledit réceptacle, et le métal en fusion contenant l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal s'écoule à travers lesdites ouvertures jusque dans une poche de coulée, et dans la seconde étape, on introduit le métal contenant l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal dans la cavité de moule à l'aide d'un système de coulée conventionnel qui englobe en outre une ou plusieurs chambres intermédiaires contenant l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal en une quantité suffisante pour amener à son terme la conversion du graphite à une forme nodulaire ou sphéroïdale.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel, dans la première étape, on introduit l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal dans le métal fondu via le système "Pourover" et, dans la seconde étape, on introduit le métal contenant l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal dans la cavité de moule via un système de coulée conventionnel qui englobe en outre une plusieurs chambres intermédiaires contenant l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal en une quantité suffisante pour amener à son terme la conversion du graphite à une forme nodulaire ou sphéroïdale.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel on introduit l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal au cours de la première étape dans le métal fondu contenu dans un four de maintien/coulée et dans la seconde étape au cours du passage du métal en fusion pour entrer dans la cavité de moule.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel, dans la première étape, on introduit l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal dans le métal fondu dans un four de maintien/coulée et, dans la seconde étape, on introduit le métal contenant l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal dans la cavité de moule via un système de coulée conventionnel qui englobe en outre une ou plusieurs chambres intermédiaires contenant l'addition pour fonte à graphite sphéroïdal en une quantité suffisante pour amener à son terme la conversion du graphite à une forme nodulaire ou sphéroïdale.
EP91300014A 1990-01-16 1991-01-02 Procédé de nodularisation Expired - Lifetime EP0439244B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9000899 1990-01-16
GB909000899A GB9000899D0 (en) 1990-01-16 1990-01-16 Nodularlising method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0439244A1 EP0439244A1 (fr) 1991-07-31
EP0439244B1 true EP0439244B1 (fr) 1997-05-02

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EP (1) EP0439244B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69125860T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0439244T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2103772T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB9000899D0 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0629709A1 (fr) * 1993-05-18 1994-12-21 Grafit-Verwertung Richard Anton Kg Procédé et inoculant pour la fabrication de fonte
CN114074183B (zh) * 2021-11-29 2023-04-25 国铭铸管股份有限公司 一种减少球墨铸管表皮内部缺陷的方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2143521B2 (de) * 1971-08-24 1973-11-15 Gebrueder Sulzer Ag, Winterthur (Schweiz) Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Magnesium behandeltem, Kugelgraphit enthaltenden Gußeisen

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1278265A (en) * 1968-07-17 1972-06-21 Materials & Methods Ltd Improved process for the manufacture of nodular cast iron
RO71368A2 (fr) * 1979-02-16 1981-08-30 Institutul De Cercetaresstiintifica,Inginerie Tehnologica Si Proiectare Pentru Sectoare Calde,Ro Procede d'elaboration des fontes a graphite vermiculaire par double modification
DE3364787D1 (en) * 1982-01-20 1986-09-04 Int Meehanite Metal Co Apparatus and process for the treatment of molten metal
DE3801917A1 (de) * 1988-01-23 1989-08-03 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von gusseisen mit kugelgraphit

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2143521B2 (de) * 1971-08-24 1973-11-15 Gebrueder Sulzer Ag, Winterthur (Schweiz) Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Magnesium behandeltem, Kugelgraphit enthaltenden Gußeisen
GB1359623A (en) * 1971-08-24 1974-07-10 Sulzer Ag Process of producing magnesium-treated spheroidal graphite cast iron

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GIESSEREI, vol.54, november 1967, Düsseldorf DE, K.Reifferscheid: "Verfahren zum Schmelzen von Gusseisenschmelzen", pages 621-624 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69125860T2 (de) 1997-12-04
EP0439244A1 (fr) 1991-07-31
DE69125860D1 (de) 1997-06-05
DK0439244T3 (da) 1997-11-03
ES2103772T3 (es) 1997-10-01
GB9000899D0 (en) 1990-03-14

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