EP0437557A1

EP0437557A1 - Trenching shovel.

Info

Publication number: EP0437557A1
Application number: EP90909678A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Heinz Langhorst
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1989-06-07
Filing date: 1990-06-05
Publication date: 1991-07-24
Anticipated expiration: 2010-06-05
Also published as: AU5923990A; DK0437557T3; WO1990015196A1; DE59005745D1; EP0437557B1; DE3918600A1; DD294991A5; CA1331091C; ATE105892T1

Abstract

Trenching shovels for mechanically levelling a road surface require a flat bottom (11) and a pivoting levelling blade (16) so that the shovel can collect the excess sand and smooth the road surface when the vehicle coupled to the trenching blade reverses. In a known trenching shovel of this type, the guides which guide the trenching blade (16) as it pivots with respect to the body of the shovel (bottom 11; side walls 12) are located in the region of the trenching shovel in which the sand accumulates and are therefore exposed to intense wear. The trenching shovel described comprises guides (guide points (19)) arranged along an arc of a circle above the bottom of the shovel (11) so that when the trenching blade (16) pivots, the (small) distance between the lower edge (30) and the bottom (11) of the shovel remains approximately constant.

Description

Bucket, especially leveling bucket

Description:

The invention relates to a bucket, in particular a leveling bucket, for arrangement on a vehicle (wheel loader, caterpillar, etc.) according to the preamble of claim 1.

When creating a paving, a flat (sand) surface must be created after the soil has been compacted - the so-called planum. The paving stones used to form the paving are laid on this. While the latter is now generally done by hand, the planus, which represents a considerable cost factor in the paving, is preferably produced by machine.

It is known to produce the level with a bulldozer bucket mounted on a corresponding vehicle, for example a wheel loader or a caterpillar. However, such a conventional leveling bucket only allows earth to be picked up when driving ahead, but not when driving backwards. This is necessary when producing a formation so that the lanes of the vehicle do not destroy the formation again. Therefore, with simple leveling blades, the ground can only be smoothed out in reverse, but not deducted.

A leveling blade which enables the formation of the formation to be pulled off when the vehicle is moving back is known from DE-OS 36 26 454. Here, the blade blade is pivotably mounted on a fixed blade body. The bucket blade can therefore be moved backwards or forwards depending on the

REPLACEMENT LEAF top edge of the bucket bottom on the bucket body, which means that excess earth can also be picked up when pulling backwards (with the bucket shield pivoted to the front of the bucket bottom). The guide of the blade shield when pivoting with respect to the blade body takes place in this known leveling blade through two elongated hole pairs, each of which runs vertically and horizontally opposite one another with respect to the levels of the blade base and are arranged in the (upright) blade side walls adjoining it. Corresponding pegs on the side surfaces of the blade shield engage in these elongated hole pairs. It has proven disadvantageous here that the straight, horizontal elongated holes, which have to be made quite far down on the leveling blade because of the parallel routing of the lower edge of the blade shield to the blade base, constantly come into contact with the removed earth and wear out quickly due to the well-known abrasive properties of the earth. In addition, soil can emerge laterally from the leveling bucket through the lower elongated holes and reach the level that has already been removed.

Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object of creating a shovel, in particular a leveling shovel, which is not susceptible to wear and enables the creation of an exact (clean) formation.

To achieve this object, the blade according to the invention has the features of claim 1. Due to the arrangement of the guide points in the upper region of the blade side parts, namely approximately in the middle thereof, the lower half of the blade shield, which mainly comes into contact with sand, is free from any sliding parts that are subject to wear. Thus, despite the guide points set higher than in the prior art, sliding along the underside of the blade shield at approximately the same distance from the blade base in all

REPLACEMENT LEAF Swivel positions is guaranteed, the guide points continue to run along an arc section provided with a corresponding radius.

The guide points are expediently arranged on opposite side surfaces of the blade shield. They are therefore outside of the sand-moving surfaces of the blade shield.

A guide lever is preferably assigned to each guide point, which is pivotally mounted at one end on a pin connected to the respective side face of the blade and is rotatably assigned to a fixed pivot point on the corresponding blade side wall at the other end. The distance between the pins on the blade shield and the fulcrums on the blade side walls is chosen such that the guide points travel along a circular arc along a circular arc during the pivoting of the blade shield and thus the lower edge of the blade shield always on the flat blade base is moved along.

Alternatively, it is conceivable in each case to guide a pin on opposite side walls of the blade blade in circular-arc-shaped elongated holes in the blade side walls provided with a corresponding radius. This also ensures that the lower edge of the blade shield runs parallel to the flat blade base.

According to a preferred development of the blade according to the invention, the upper, vertically displaceable bearing points of the blade shield on the blade side walls are provided with rotatable sliding pieces which slide up and down on the side surfaces between parallel, upright sliding surfaces on the blade. This eliminates the need for the upper, vertically oriented elongated holes in the blade side walls required in the prior art. In addition, the sliders can be made of materials

REPLACEMENT LEAF with good emergency running properties, for example polytetrafluoroethylene. These run easily and reliably even without lubrication. In addition, the separate sliding pieces, which usually consist of a material that is more easily worn than the sliding surfaces attached to the blade side walls, can be easily replaced in the event of wear.

Finally, according to a preferred further development, the blade has an implement carrier with which the blade body is connected to the blade shield in a tiltable manner. The blade body with the blade shield can expediently be tilted with respect to an upright or inclined transverse plane relative to the implement carrier about a vertical (central) axis of rotation of the transverse plane. In this way, the shovel body with the shovel shield can be tilted in such a way that the shovel base can be pivoted transversely to the aiming direction with respect to the vehicle (wheel loader, caterpillar, etc.) to form an oblique formation against the ground to be removed.

Two preferred exemplary embodiments of the blade according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. In this show:

1 is a perspective view of one half of the first embodiment of the blade,

2 shows a side view of the blade according to FIG. 1,

3 is a partially sectioned rear view of the blade according to FIGS. 1 and 2,

Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of the blade in a partial perspective view corresponding to Fig. 1, and

REPLACEMENT LEAF 5 shows a side view of the blade according to FIG. 4.

The buckets shown here are leveling buckets for attachment to a construction vehicle, not shown, for example a wheel loader, a caterpillar, a forklift or the like. The shovels are particularly suitable for pulling off a level for paving, but can also be used for normal earthmoving, loading and similar work like normal leveling shovels.

The leveling blades are composed of a device carrier 10 which can be coupled to corresponding lifting arms of the construction vehicle, a blade plate 16 and a blade body. The latter has a flat scoop base 11 and two upright scoop side walls 12 which are arranged on opposite narrow sides thereof and protrude upward relative to the scoop base 11. The blade base 11 is accordingly formed on the underside 13 in a planar manner. The upper, free edge regions 14 of the two blade side walls 12 are connected by a cross member 15 running parallel to the blade base 11. In this way, the blade body has a frame-like basic shape. Between the two blade side walls 12, the blade shield 16 is mounted about an axis of rotation 17 located at the top and running parallel to the cross member 15.

In the leveling bucket according to the first exemplary embodiment of the invention (FIGS. 1 to 3), the bucket blade 16 is mounted between the two bucket side walls 12 at two pivot points 18, which are assigned to the axis of rotation 17, and two guide points 19 located underneath. The pivot points 18 and the guide points 19 are distributed over the opposite side surfaces 20 of the blade shield 16 (FIG. 3). According to the invention, the two guide points 19 are arranged somewhat above an (imaginary) horizontal central axis of the blade plate 16.

REPLACEMENT LEAF The two pivot points 18 of the same design are each formed on the one hand by an approximately cuboid-shaped slide piece 21 made of plastic, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene, which can be rotated about a (cylindrical) pin 22 projecting laterally opposite the corresponding side face 20 of the blade shield 16 and on the other hand two corresponding upright sliding surfaces 23, which are connected to the blade shield 16, on opposite upright sides of the sliding piece 21. In the exemplary embodiment shown, for reasons of stability, the sliding surfaces 23 are connected to one another at their lower edges by a transverse web 24 (FIG. 5). In the exemplary embodiment shown, the arrangement of the sliding surfaces 23 and the corresponding web 24 is such that they are connected to the outside of the respective blade side wall 12 by surrounding a corresponding rectangular cutout 25 in the blade side wall 12 and in this (Upright) frame, the respective slide 21 can be moved up and down with the blade plate 16. The upper axis of rotation 17 on the blade shield 16, in the extension of which the pins 22 and the sliding pieces 21 are located, accordingly moves up and down (shown in dash-dot lines in FIG. 2).

According to the invention, the guide points 19 move when the blade shield 16 is pivoted from the front edge 25 of the blade base 11 to the rear edge 26 of the same on a curved path, namely a circular path (FIG. 2). In the exemplary embodiment of the blade shown, this is achieved in that a further pin 27 is connected to each side surface 20 of the blade plate 16 at a distance below the pin 22 for the pivot points 18. One end of an elongated guide lever 28 is rotatably mounted on each pin 27. The end of the guide lever 28 opposite the pin 27 is rotatably connected to a fixed bearing point, namely a further pin 29 which is fastened to the outside of the respective blade side wall 12. To this

ER ^S ATZBLATT When the blade shield 16 is pivoted from the vertical, the guide lever 28 (FIG. 2), which is also oriented vertically, is pivoted in the opposite direction to the blade shield 16, as a result of which the vertical distance between the pins 27 and 29 is shortened compared to that in the vertical position of the guide lever 28 is and by this amount the axis of rotation 17 with the sliders 21 in the pivot points 18 moves downward (position indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 2). The amount of this vertical offset corresponds to the shortening of the vertical distance between the axis of rotation 17 and the lower edge 30 of the blade plate 16 in the pivoted state thereof. As a result, the lower edge 30 of the blade shield 16 is guided parallel to the flat blade base 11 over the entire swivel range, with a slight distance from the same or a slight bearing thereon.

The kinematics described above at the guide points 19 is achieved by a certain length of the two guide levers 28 of the same design. The distance between the pins 27 to form the guide points 19 and the pins 29 fixedly arranged on the blade side walls 12 is in fact selected such that the guide points 19 move along a circular arc path shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2, whereby the bottom ¬ edge 30 of the blade shield 16 slides along the straight blade base 11 or has an almost constant, small distance from the blade base 11.

The guide levers 28 are located outside the blade body, namely they are assigned to the outer sides of the blade side walls 12 (FIG. 3). Accordingly, the pins 27 used to form the guide points 19 protrude on the side faces 20 of the blade shield 16 through a corresponding clearance 31 in the blade side wall 12 assigned to them, so that they - like the pins 29 fastened thereon - against the outer sides of the blade side walls 12 protrude through the leadership

REPLACEMENT LEAF ι lever 28 to be connected. The clearances 31 are designed here as curved elongated holes, the radius of which corresponds approximately to the distance between the pins 27 and the pins 29. The dimensions of the frankings are 31

5, however, made such that the pins 27 or the bearing bushes of the guide lever 28 surrounding them cannot come into contact with the clearances 31. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to design the clearances as correspondingly large rectangles or circles for easier manufacture.

The pivoting of the blade shield 16 with respect to the blade body takes place by means of two pressure medium elements, namely double-acting hydraulic cylinders 32. A hydraulic cylinder 32 is assigned to a blade wall 12 from the inside. For this purpose, a free end of each piston rod 33 is connected at a fixed articulation point 34 to a corresponding blade side wall 12, namely an end region thereof on the rear side of the blade shield 16 pointing towards the equipment carrier 10 0. The ends of the cylinders 36, however, are at a pivot point 37 with the Back of the blade shield 16 connected approximately at the level of the guide points 19. In this way, by extending and retracting the hydraulic cylinders 32 fixedly attached to the blade body, the blade shield 16 can be pivoted relative to the blade body toward the front edge 25 or rear edge 26 of the flat blade base 11 (FIG. 2).

The device carrier 10 in turn is pivotally connected to the blade body by the ends of its parallel cross members 38 and 39, which are connected to one another by several transverse webs 40, in slide guides 41 and 42 on the opposite blade side walls 12 5 on the one hand and the On the other hand, cross bar 15 for connecting the upper edge regions of the blade side walls 12 are displaceably mounted. The slide guides 41 and 42 each consist of parallel, upright guide cheeks

REPLACEMENT LEAF ι 43, which are firmly connected to the blade side walls 12 and the cross member 15 of the blade body. In between, the end regions of the cross bars 38 and 39 of the device carrier 10 are mounted so that they can be moved up and down, with the purpose of forming

5 upright sides of the end regions of the crossbars 38, 39 opposite the easily running sliding surfaces are provided with sliding plates 44 made of plastic, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, which bear against the guide cheeks 43. This mounting of the device carrier 10 on the vane body makes it possible to tilt it about a vertical central axis 45 with respect to the (vertical) plane spanned by the four slide guides 41, 42. In this way, the bucket bottom 11 can be swung out of the horizontal transverse to the leveling direction. 5

The pivoting of the blade body with the blade shield 16 relative to the implement carrier 10 is again carried out by two pressure medium members, namely hydraulic cylinders 46. These are approximately upright with a parallel distance 0 on the one hand with the long cross member 38 of the implement carrier 10 and on the other hand with the transverse member 15 on the bucket body ¬ bound. This is done in such a way that the ends of the cylinders 47 are articulated 5 to the end regions of the (long) cross bar 38 projecting above the (short) cross bars 39, while the ends of the piston rods 48 are also articulated with those opposite the (short) cross bars 39 projecting end regions of the cross member 15 are connected between the blade side walls 12 (FIG. 1). In this way, by actuating the hydraulic cylinders 46 uniformly but in opposite directions, the blade body with the blade shield 16 can be rotated about the central axis 45 relative to the implement carrier 10.

The second exemplary embodiment of the leveling blade differs from the one described above in that it has guide points 49 of different design (FIGS. 4 and 5). Otherwise, the leveling bucket of this embodiment corresponds to that of the first embodiment, see above

REPLACEMENT LEAF to the extent that reference is made to the above explanations and the same reference numbers are used for the same parts.

The guide points 49 are also arranged in the area above the center of the blade shield 16. They also have pins 50 which protrude from the side surfaces 20 of the blade shield 16, but which are not guided on guide levers, but rather only on a corresponding circular arc-shaped slot 51 in the respective blade side wall 12. For this purpose, the circular oblong holes 51 are dimensioned in width corresponding to the diameter of the pins 50, so that they can slide along therein with slight play. The convex sides of the circular oblong holes 51 are arranged in the blade side walls 12 with their convex sides directed towards the pivot points 18. The radii of the same length of the slot 52 in the middle of both slots 51 are selected so that in any pivot position of the blade plate 16, its lower edge 30 is at a constant distance from the blade base 11 or slides along the inside thereof (FIGS. 4 and 5).

The leveling blades of both exemplary embodiments can be provided on their lower edge with an exchangeable slide rail which, guided by the guide points 19, slides along the inside of the blade base 11 with a constant, small distance or when it is pivoted, when the blade shield 16 is pivoted.

REPLACEMENT ZBUtfTT

Claims

Bucket, especially leveling bucket

1. Bucket, in particular a dozer blade to be arranged on a vehicle (wheel loader, caterpillar, etc.), with a flat bucket base on the opposite side, with upright bucket side parts, and with a bucket blade that moves vertically at least on two overhead ones! ichen pivot points and two underlying, also displaceable guide points between the blade side parts in the direction of the front edge or the rear edge is mounted to move back and forth, characterized in that the guide points (19; 49) in an upper region of the blade shield ( 16) are arranged and guided along an arc section in such a way that a lower edge (30) of the latter moves essentially parallel to the flat blade base (11) over the entire pivoting range of the blade shield (16).

2. Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide points (19; 49) are arranged in the region of a middle third of the blade shield (16), preferably slightly above the center, and preferably each side surface (20) of the blade shield (16 ) a guide point (19; 49) is assigned.

3. A blade according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each guide point (49) is formed by a pin (50) projecting opposite the corresponding side surface (20) of the blade blade (16) and used to guide the Blade pivot (16) protrudes when pivoting the same into an arcuate slot (51) in the corresponding blade side wall (12) and

ER ^S ATZBLATT ι is guided in this.

4. Bucket according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that each guide point (19) one against the

5 corresponding side surface of the blade shield (16) protruding pin (22) on which one end of a guide lever (28) is pivoted, while the opposite end of the guide lever (28) about a fixed pivot point, namely also at a corresponding 0 Side surface (20) of the blade shield (16) arranged pin (27) is pivotally mounted.

5. Bucket according to claim 4, characterized in that the guide levers (28) on the side surfaces (20) of the 5 blade shield (16) opposite outer sides of the respective blade side wall (12) are assigned.

6. Bucket according to claim 5, characterized in that the pins (27) for the rotatable mounting of the upper ends 0 of the guide lever (28) through the blade side wall facing them (12) are passed, in particular by a corresponding franking (31) in the respective Blade side wall (12), which are preferably 5 designed to correspond to the pivoting path of the respective pin (27), for example in the form of a circular arc.

7. Bucket according to claim 3 or 4, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the length of the guide lever (28) based on the distance of the pin (27 or 29) or the radius of the circular 0-shaped elongated holes (51) is selected in such a way that the blade shield (16) and the (upper) axis of rotation (17) of the same can be moved up and down when pivoted for parallel guiding of the lower edge (30) of the blade shield (16) to the (flat) blade base (11) . 5

8. Bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper pivot points (18) rotatably mounted on the pin (22) have sliders (21) between two ι parallel, upright sliding surfaces (23) on the upper edge of the corresponding blade side wall (12) are guided up and down.

5 9. Bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade shield (16) by preferably two Druckmittel¬ organs (hydraulic cylinder 32) is pivotable, each pressure medium member (hydraulic cylinder 32) on the one hand firmly with the corresponding blade side wall (12) and 0 on the other hand approximately is articulated on the blade plate (16) at the level of the guide points (19; 49).

10. Bucket according to claim 1, characterized by a to the vehicle (wheel loader, caterpillar, etc.) couplable device carrier (10), against which the blade body (Schaufel¬ side walls 12; blade bottom 11) and the blade shield (16) in one Upright or inclined transverse plane of the tool carrier (10) is connected to a tiltable 0 bar about a central axis (45) which preferably runs in the center transversely to this transverse plane, the tool carrier (10) preferably being connected to the blade body via four slide guides (41, 42) (Blade side walls 12; cross member 15) is connected.

11. A scoop according to claim 10, characterized in that 5 each of the sliding guides (41, 42) has two guide cheeks (43) lying at a distance from one another in parallel planes to the plane of the implement carrier (10), said guide cheeks (43) having the side walls ( 12) or the cross member (15) are firmly connected, and preferably the regions of cross members (38, 39) of the device carrier (10) guided between the guide cheeks (43) 0 are provided with sliding plates (44).

12. A blade according to claim 10 or 11, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the blade shield (16) and the blade

35 body (bucket bottom 11; bucket side walls 12; cross member 15) relative to the device carrier (10) by preferably two pressure medium members (hydraulic cylinder 46) are pivotable.

REPLACEMENT LEAF

13. Bucket according to claim 12, characterized in that the pressure medium members (hydraulic cylinder 46) on the one hand on the implement carrier (10) and on the other hand on the blade body, namely on the cross member (15) of the same, are articulated, the pressure medium members (hydraulic cylinder 46) between the implement carrier ( 10) and the cross bar (15) can preferably be actuated uniformly, but with an oppositely directed stroke.

REPLACEMENT BLADE