EP0431405B1 - Abgasreinigungssystem zur katalytischen Reinigung der Auspuffgase von Zweitaktmotoren - Google Patents

Abgasreinigungssystem zur katalytischen Reinigung der Auspuffgase von Zweitaktmotoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0431405B1
EP0431405B1 EP90122290A EP90122290A EP0431405B1 EP 0431405 B1 EP0431405 B1 EP 0431405B1 EP 90122290 A EP90122290 A EP 90122290A EP 90122290 A EP90122290 A EP 90122290A EP 0431405 B1 EP0431405 B1 EP 0431405B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inner tube
exhaust gas
tube
gas purification
outer tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90122290A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0431405A1 (de
Inventor
Rainer Dr. Domesle
Bernd Dr. Engler
Edgar Dr. Koberstein
Ulrich Plotzke
Herbert Völker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Degussa GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6394688&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0431405(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Degussa GmbH filed Critical Degussa GmbH
Publication of EP0431405A1 publication Critical patent/EP0431405A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0431405B1 publication Critical patent/EP0431405B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/089—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using two or more expansion chambers in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
    • F01N2470/04—Tubes being perforated characterised by shape, disposition or dimensions of apertures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2490/00—Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers
    • F01N2490/02—Two or more expansion chambers in series connected by means of tubes
    • F01N2490/04—Two or more expansion chambers in series connected by means of tubes the gases flowing longitudinally from inlet to outlet only in one direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust gas purification system for the catalytic purification of the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, in particular from two-stroke engines.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is also suitable for four-stroke engines, since these also require fine tuning of the exhaust system.
  • the outer tube (1) can have any shape.
  • the inner tube (3) is shaped accordingly in order to obtain an annular space (5) of approximately constant cross section. Tapered annular spaces are also part of the invention.
  • the annular space (5) takes up only a fraction of the volume of the outer tube (1) due to the dimensions provided.
  • Annulus (5) and perforation reinforce the in the catalyst area Turbulence and thus gas exchange.
  • this effect is reinforced by the annular gap which is open on both sides and which ensures a backflow of the catalytically coated inner tube.
  • an at least one-sided closure of the annular space at any point is expedient.
  • the hole diameters of the inner tube range from 0.75 to 10 mm, with a hole spacing of 1.0 to 15 mm. Hole diameters from 1.5 to 6 mm and hole spacing from 2.0 to 7.5 mm are preferred (claim 7).
  • the inner tube can have regularly arranged holes of different diameters over the entire jacket.
  • tubular body can also consist of expanded metal or coarse wire mesh.
  • the relative free perforated area (total perforated area) in the various embodiments is 5 to 80%, preferably 20-60%, of the outer surface of the inner tube.
  • the perforations in the inner tube which act as turbulators, can be enhanced in their effect by the perforations being in the form of deep-drawn upward and / or downward bulges.
  • the inner tube can, if appropriate, in particular for manufacturing reasons, be formed from two half-shells which may be connected to one another. This can result in a division of the annular space into two halves.
  • the geometric surface can be increased by surrounding it with a wire mesh, expanded metal or another perforated tube in order to achieve increased conversion rates for the pollutants.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is suitable both as a main catalyst and as a starting catalyst for a downstream main catalyst (6) of any type.
  • a starting catalytic converter When used as a starting catalytic converter, partial conversion of pollutants results in an increase in temperature, which makes it easier or even possible to start a main catalytic converter which may be connected in a cooler part of the exhaust system. If high concentrations of pollutants occur and at the same time high exhaust gas temperatures, a partial conversion has a favorable effect in that it reduces the temperature load due to the exhaust gas cooling between the starting and main catalytic converters and protects the main catalytic converter from premature destruction or thermal deactivation.
  • the conversion rates of the arrangement according to the invention are surprisingly high when used as the main catalyst. Also at When used on two-wheelers, the main catalyst can be used to meet current and future limit values.
  • Particularly suitable coating formulations contain Pt, Pd and / or Rh as active components on a heat-resistant, oxidic carrier material (Al2O3, SiO2, aluminum silicates).
  • oxidic carrier material Al2O3, SiO2, aluminum silicates.
  • the support material can be provided with oxidic additives such as CeO2, ZrO2, alkaline earth metal oxide and / or rare earth oxides.
  • a pretreatment by sandblasting, flame spraying, aluminizing is carried out before the application of the oxidic carrier material in order to improve the temperature resistance of the perforated tubular body and the adhesion of the coating.
  • a perforated, tapered pipe bend with diameters of 30 mm or 55 mm, an elongated pipe length of 345 mm, 2 mm hole diameter and 3.15 mm hole spacing made of high-temperature resistant steel 1.4841 is first tempered in air at 900 ° C for 3 h.
  • the tube bend is then coated with an approximately 40% dispersion of ⁇ -Al2O3, (150 m2 / g), cerium acetate and zirconium acetate, dried at 120 ° C. and calcined at 600 ° C. for 2 hours.
  • the coating amount was 7.5 g Al2O3, 2 g CeO2, 0.5 g ZrO2 per part.
  • the amount of precious metal loaded is 0.24 g / part.
  • the catalyst according to Example 1 was tested according to the experimental arrangement in FIG. 1.
  • the annular gap between the inner tube outer diameter and outer tube inner diameter was 1 mm.
  • a two-wheel motorcycle with an air-cooled two-stroke single-cylinder engine with a displacement of 148 cm3 served as the test vehicle.
  • the performance of the two-wheeler was 14 KW at a nominal speed of 8100 min ⁇ 1.
  • An oil / petrol mixture of 1:50 was used.
  • the vehicle was measured on a roller test bench in accordance with test specification ECE R40.
  • the exhaust gas temperatures at the catalyst inlet varied in the test cycle from 250-650 ° C.
  • the exhaust gas analysis was carried out according to the CVS principle.
  • the metal tube pretreated in this way is immersed in a 42% suspension of La2O3-stabilized ⁇ -Al2O3 (130 m2 / g) and cerium oxide, excess coating material is removed by blowing, dried and tempered at 500 ° C. for 2 hours.
  • the catalyst according to Example 3 was tested in accordance with the experimental arrangement in FIG. 2.
  • the annular gap between the inner tube outer diameter and outer tube inner diameter was 1.5 mm on average.
  • a two-wheel motorcycle with an air-cooled two-stroke single-cylinder engine with a displacement of 134 cm3 served as the test vehicle.
  • the engine output was 12 KW at a rated speed of 8100 min ⁇ 1.
  • An oil / petrol mixture of 1:30 was used.
  • the vehicle was measured on a roller test bench in accordance with test specification ECE R40.
  • the exhaust gas temperature at the catalyst inlet was 150-420 ° C.
  • the exhaust gas analysis was carried out according to the CVS principle. The following emission values were determined: CO g / km HC g / km NO x g / km without catalyst 6.86 10.15 0.016 with catalyst 3.16 5.96 0.014
  • the conversion types were thus 53% for CO, 41% for HC and 13% for NO x .
  • a monolithic metal support with a diameter of 60 mm, a length of 75 mm and a cell density of 31 cells / cm2 is covered by immersion in an aqueous suspension of ⁇ -Al2O3, cerium acetate and zirconium acetate and excess coating material is removed by blowing out. After drying at 120 ° C and calcining for one hour at 700 ° C there are 25 g Al2O3, 5 g CeO2, and 1g ZrO2 on the support.
  • Example 3 The catalysts according to Examples 3 and 5 are integrated into the exhaust of a two-stroke motorcycle according to FIG. 3. The tests are carried out in accordance with Example 4.
  • Example 4 Compared to Example 4, there were significantly increased conversion types of 84% for CO and 86% for HC, with almost the same nitrogen oxide emissions. Such a concept is therefore particularly suitable when future, stricter limit values have to be met.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP90122290A 1989-12-02 1990-11-22 Abgasreinigungssystem zur katalytischen Reinigung der Auspuffgase von Zweitaktmotoren Expired - Lifetime EP0431405B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3939921 1989-12-02
DE3939921A DE3939921A1 (de) 1989-12-02 1989-12-02 Anordnung zur katalytischen reinigung der auspuffgase von verbrennungsmotoren, insbesondere nach dem zweitaktprinzip

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0431405A1 EP0431405A1 (de) 1991-06-12
EP0431405B1 true EP0431405B1 (de) 1994-05-25

Family

ID=6394688

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90122290A Expired - Lifetime EP0431405B1 (de) 1989-12-02 1990-11-22 Abgasreinigungssystem zur katalytischen Reinigung der Auspuffgase von Zweitaktmotoren

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0431405B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP3140044B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR0171890B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN1027004C (ko)
AT (1) ATE106112T1 (ko)
BR (1) BR9006082A (ko)
DE (2) DE3939921A1 (ko)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2687431B1 (fr) * 1992-02-14 1995-07-13 Inst Francais Du Petrole Tubulure d'echappement a paroi catalytique pour moteurs a combustion interne.
DE4244712C2 (de) * 1992-02-14 1996-09-05 Degussa Beschichtungsdispersion zur Herstellung von kalysefördernden Überzügen auf einem inerten, strukturverstärkenden Körper
US5958829A (en) * 1992-02-14 1999-09-28 Degussa-Huls Aktiengesellschaft Coating dispersion for exhaust gas catalysts
IT1267642B1 (it) * 1993-12-09 1997-02-07 Honda Motor Co Ltd Dispositivo di scarico
CN1044932C (zh) * 1994-07-14 1999-09-01 财团法人工业技术研究院 机车用管状式触媒净化装置
JP3257906B2 (ja) * 1994-09-05 2002-02-18 本田技研工業株式会社 エンジンの排気浄化装置
JP3369335B2 (ja) * 1994-11-07 2003-01-20 本田技研工業株式会社 排気浄化装置
FR2744138B1 (fr) * 1996-01-25 1998-05-15 Ecia Equip Composants Ind Auto Utilisation d'un acier faiblement allie aluminie pour la fabrication d'une piece de la partie avant d'une ligne d'echappement et piece d'echappement obtenue
DE19921609A1 (de) * 1999-05-10 2000-11-16 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Wabenkörperanordnung mit verschiedenen Abschnitten in einem Mantelrohr
JP2002070546A (ja) * 2000-09-04 2002-03-08 Shinba Iron Works Inc 触媒パイプを装着した排気系管とその製造方法
JP2011064192A (ja) * 2009-08-21 2011-03-31 Nichias Corp 自動車用排気管
US9790836B2 (en) 2012-11-20 2017-10-17 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company, Inc. Loose-fill insulation exhaust gas treatment device and methods of manufacturing
WO2017164163A1 (ja) * 2016-03-22 2017-09-28 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 鞍乗型車両
US11291951B2 (en) * 2016-05-20 2022-04-05 Cataler Corporation Exhaust gas purifying catalyst for 2-stroke general-purpose engines
IT201700061755A1 (it) * 2017-06-06 2018-12-06 Vins S R L Motore termico a combustione interna a due tempi con catalizzatore allo scarico

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0401195A2 (de) * 1989-06-01 1990-12-05 Franz Dipl.Ing.Dr. Laimböck Auspuffanlage, insbesondere für Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschinen

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3061416A (en) * 1957-11-22 1962-10-30 George P Kazokas Catalytic muffler
DE2942728A1 (de) * 1979-10-23 1981-05-07 Bremshey Ag, 5650 Solingen Doppelwandige auspuffrohrleitung
DE3415075C2 (de) * 1984-04-21 1986-05-22 Insumma GmbH, 8500 Nürnberg Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Abgasen, insbesondere für Dieselmotoren

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0401195A2 (de) * 1989-06-01 1990-12-05 Franz Dipl.Ing.Dr. Laimböck Auspuffanlage, insbesondere für Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschinen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3939921C2 (ko) 1992-11-05
DE3939921A1 (de) 1991-06-06
DE59005813D1 (de) 1994-06-30
BR9006082A (pt) 1991-09-24
JP3140044B2 (ja) 2001-03-05
KR910012501A (ko) 1991-08-08
KR0171890B1 (en) 1999-03-20
CN1027004C (zh) 1994-12-14
EP0431405A1 (de) 1991-06-12
CN1052355A (zh) 1991-06-19
JPH03229913A (ja) 1991-10-11
ATE106112T1 (de) 1994-06-15

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