EP0429379A1 - Retaining structure and method of construction of a retaining structure - Google Patents

Retaining structure and method of construction of a retaining structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0429379A1
EP0429379A1 EP90420509A EP90420509A EP0429379A1 EP 0429379 A1 EP0429379 A1 EP 0429379A1 EP 90420509 A EP90420509 A EP 90420509A EP 90420509 A EP90420509 A EP 90420509A EP 0429379 A1 EP0429379 A1 EP 0429379A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
plates
elements
plane
row
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Granted
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EP90420509A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0429379B1 (en
Inventor
Jacques Marchal
Joseph Golcheh
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Sabla SNC
Sabla SA
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Sabla SNC
Sabla SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0233—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of support or retention of natural or artificial mass of more or less movable materials, likely to experience, by erosion, vibration, cracking, cleavage, landslides harmful to themselves or the environment.
  • a preferred application of the invention relates to the support of a working face in cut or fill in relation to a site to be protected, such as a built-up area, a road, a railroad, a road, etc. .
  • Such structures can be produced in a more practical and less costly manner, but do not make it possible to optimally respond to the requirements of high height support and the constitution of vegetable facings to improve the aesthetic appearance of the erected construction.
  • the known techniques therefore still do not make it possible to solve the problem thus posed overall and the need is still felt to be able to have light, inexpensive and easy to implement means to constitute a support structure which can be established over a great height. , without risk of disorder or ruin over time, while presenting a facing facade that can be easily vegetated in a sustainable manner over time to improve its aesthetic appearance.
  • the invention relates to a building element characterized in that it comprises: - a facade plate having a plane of transverse symmetry perpendicular to the direction of its base, - And a rib-beam extending in the plane of symmetry, from the upstream face of the plate, having a base at least locally coplanar with that of the plate and having at least locally a height generally less than that of the plate.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of constituting a retaining structure from construction elements of the above type, a method characterized in that it consists in: - prepare the soil from which the structure is to be erected, - place on this floor a first row of elements arranged successively next to each other but without mutual contact and in such a way that the plates define the facade of the structure and that the beams-ribs are directed towards the massive to support, - place between the spaced vertical edges of the successive plates of the filters applied and held against the upstream faces of the facade plates, - fill the cells defined by the beams-ribs with a compacted fill material so that its level is established at least in the plane of the upper edges of the plates, - place a second row of elements on this level and as said above, ensuring that there is no contact between the plates and beams of the elements from one row to another, - fill the cells in the second row as mentioned above, - and do the same for as many rows as necessary to reach the height to be given to the structure.
  • the subject of the invention is also, as a new product, a retaining structure characterized in that it comprises: - a first base row placed on the ground and made up of construction elements arranged successively one beside the other without mutual contact, so that the plates define the facade of the structure and that the beams - ribs extend in the direction of the massif to be supported, - a layer of compacted backfill material, filling the cells delimited between the beams-ribs and establishing at least one level equal to that of the upper edges of the front plates, - n rows of superimposed elements associated with the corresponding fill layers and in each of which the plates of the elements are arranged without contact with either the plates or the beams-ribs of the immediately lower row.
  • the building element according to fig. 1 and 2 is formed in the form of a one-piece assembly made of any suitable material.
  • a construction element is produced in a prefabricated monolithic manner, in reinforced concrete according to the manufacturing techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • the building element generally designated by the reference I , comprises a front plate 1 which can be flat or curved, while being convex or concave. In all cases, it can be considered that the front plate 1 is defined or embodied by a general plane P.
  • the front plate 1 has a so-called downstream face 2, a so-called upstream face 3 , two lateral edges 4 , preferably but not necessarily parallel to each other and rising from a base 5 extending in a reference plane P1 .
  • the plate 1 is also defined by an upper edge 6 which is preferably but not necessarily parallel to the base 5 .
  • the building element I further comprises a beam-rib 7 which is an integral part of the plate 1 , extending from the upstream face 3 of the latter.
  • the beam-rib 7 is arranged on edge to be placed in a plane P2 of transverse symmetry of the plate 1 and of the element I , such a plane P2 being perpendicular to the reference plane P1 .
  • the rib-beam 7 extends from the upstream face 3 to which it is connected, preferably, by two lateral fillets 8 .
  • the beam-rib 7 has a base 9 which is, in the example illustrated, coplanar with the base 5 of the plate 1 .
  • the beam-rib 7 has a height h which is generally less than the height H of the plate 1 as shown in the drawings.
  • Fig. 1 shows that the beam-rib 7 is delimited at its free end by a vertical face 11 which can, optionally, be provided with anchoring means 12 , as is apparent from what follows.
  • the means 12 may consist of a heel 13 extending laterally on either side of the beam-rib 7 or even by a means 14 for anchoring or fixing a cable, rope or strip whose function can be considered analogous to the anchoring principle known in soil reinforcement techniques.
  • the beam-rib 7 has two lateral faces 15 which can be supported substantially at the level of the base 9 .
  • a such shouldered conformation can result from a state of convergence of the lateral faces 15 from the base 9 or else from the presence of two flanges 16 projecting from the base 9 to be connected to the walls 15.
  • Shoulders 17 and 18 respectively may be provided in a similar manner as regards the base 5 of the plate 2 and the base 19 of the heel 13 .
  • the beam-rib 7 extends perpendicular to the reference plane P1, while the plate 1 is formed so that its overall plane P is perpendicular to the plane P1 , as illustrated in particular in FIG. 2 . It can, however, be envisaged to produce the element I so that the plane P of the plate 1 makes an angle ⁇ different from 90 o relative to the reference plane P1 .
  • Fig. 2 shows, by way of example, an embodiment in which the plane P is inclined by a measure ⁇ opposite the beam-rib 7. An inclination of opposite direction could also be envisaged.
  • the lateral faces 15 of the rib-beam 7 can be smooth according to FIGS. 1 and 2 or, again, provided with local conformations 20 and 21 successively in hollow and in relief, so as to create, in the plane of each of the lateral faces, zones in which, in the event of a slip, shear occurs of site material.
  • the example of conformation illustrated in FIG. 3 is given only without implied limitation to illustrate a possible prefabrication embodiment.
  • the construction element described above is used in the following manner to construct a retaining structure II in relation to a face of size 25 such as shown schematically in fig. 4 .
  • the ground S preceding the cutting face 25 is prepared in accordance with the usual prescriptions in the matter in order to have a coherent base surface, defining a stable support plane.
  • the preparation can therefore consist in a simple leveling or in the constitution of a support sole.
  • first row R1 of identical building elements I which are all arranged successively one next to the other without, however, that contact occurs between the vertical edges 4 of the plates 1 .
  • the elements I are arranged side by side with a gap 26 between the edges 4 .
  • the elements I of the row R1 are arranged so that the plates 1 define the facade of the structure to be erected and so that the beams-ribs 7 extend in the direction of the block M to be supported ( fig. 5 and 6 ).
  • the elements I can be of the simple type or, on the contrary, provided with any one of the anchoring means 13 or 14 described above. In the latter case, the means 14 is then provided with a slender member intended to improve the anchoring.
  • the intervals 26 are provided, by application and maintenance against the upstream faces 3 , of filters 27 consisting, generally, of a strip, plate or panel of openwork material of which the mesh opening is chosen according to the granulometry of the materials of the solid mass M or of backfill materials.
  • filters 27 consisting, generally, of a strip, plate or panel of openwork material of which the mesh opening is chosen according to the granulometry of the materials of the solid mass M or of backfill materials.
  • the application and temporary maintenance of the filters 27 can be ensured in any suitable manner chosen according to the nature of the materials present.
  • Another step of the process then consists in constituting a layer of backfill material m 1 behind the various plates 1 so as to fill the successive cells which are delimited by the beams-ribs 7 .
  • the backfill material is chosen according to the usual criteria in the matter and is compacted according to the also usual prescriptions, so as to be established at a level n 1 passing at most in the plane from the upper edge 6 of the plates 1 , occupying a plane parallel to the reference plane P1 .
  • Another step of the process then consists in establishing, by pressing on the level n 1 , a second row R2 of elements 1 which are arranged as said above while being placed relatively so that the plates 1 are arranged, preferably but not exclusively, in apparatus in staggered relation to those of the constituent elements of the row R1 .
  • the elements I of the row R2 are placed on the level n 1 , so that no contact takes place between the bases 5 and 9 of the elements of the row R2 with the upper edges of the constituent elements I of row R1 .
  • Compliance with such a requirement is, for example, achieved by shifting the elements I of the row R2 so that the plates 1 of these elements are moved upstream relative to the plates 1 of the elements I of the row R1 .
  • the row R2 is completed by the constitution of the layer of backfill material m 2 compacted as said above with regard to the layer m 1 , so as to define a level of laying n 2 .
  • the construction element and the implementation method according to the invention make it possible to constitute a retaining structure II from successive rows of elements of construction, juxtaposed without contact and delimiting cells filled with a compacted fill material.
  • Such a retaining structure II can be built on variable heights from prefabricated building elements which are, moreover, of small bulk and relatively low mass. It thus becomes possible to have advantageous construction materials that can be easily handled on site without requiring the use of heavy and bulky lifting installations.
  • the retaining structure II is erected from building elements which do not have contact with each other, so that a configuration easily adaptable to the local profile can be easily conferred, in particular as regards the facade of book II .
  • the retaining structure II does not contain any material whose long-term behavior is poorly understood or is the subject of uncertainty with regard to the durability of the mechanical characteristics over time.
  • the choice of the production of the plate 1, in its shape, its structure or its composition, can easily be retained to take account of absorption properties. phonic by reflection or absorption.
  • the structure II is then completed by the addition of a mass of materials m ′ possibly not compacted, added and spread over the level n n to perfect the massif, in order to provide it with a particular shape and a possibility of revegetation.
  • Fig. 7 shows an alternative embodiment in which the beam-rib 7 is produced so as to have, in its part close to the plate 1 , a base 91 coplanar with the base 5 of the plate 1 and, beyond this part, a base 92 extending beyond the reference plane P1 .
  • Such an embodiment allows, as illustrated in FIG. 8, to have, between the base 5 of the plate 1 and the base 92 , a clearance 30 allowing the elements of the successive rows to be placed in exact superposition as illustrated in FIG. 8 , while respecting the requirement of non-point or total contact between the construction elements of two superimposed rows.
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to erect a structure II , the facade of which consists of plates 1 having no relative offset between them between them.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)

Abstract

Building element for the construction of a retaining structure, characterised in that it comprises: . a facade panel (1) having a transverse plane of symmetry (P2) perpendicular to the direction of its face (5), . and a rib beam (7) extending in the plane of symmetry from the upstream face (3) of the panel, possessing a base (9) at least locally coplanar with that of the panel and having at least locally a height (h) generally smaller than that (H) of the panel. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine du soutènement ou de la rétention de massifs naturels ou artificiels de matériaux plus ou moins meubles, susceptibles de connaître, par érosion, vibration, fissuration, clivage, des éboulements préjudiciables pour eux-mêmes ou pour l'environnement.The present invention relates to the field of support or retention of natural or artificial mass of more or less movable materials, likely to experience, by erosion, vibration, cracking, cleavage, landslides harmful to themselves or the environment.

Bien que de nombreuses mises en oeuvre puissent être envisagées, une application préférée de l'invention concerne le soutènement de front de taille en déblai ou en remblai par rapport à un site à protéger, tel que agglomération, voie de circulation routière, ferroviaire, etc.Although numerous implementations can be envisaged, a preferred application of the invention relates to the support of a working face in cut or fill in relation to a site to be protected, such as a built-up area, a road, a railroad, a road, etc. .

Pour résoudre le problème ci-dessus, différentes propositions techniques ont été faites en partant de l'idée qu'il convenait d'ériger un écran assumant une fonction de rétention des massifs de matériaux derrière leur parement amont.To solve the above problem, various technical proposals have been made based on the idea that it was advisable to erect a screen assuming a function of retention of the mass of materials behind their upstream facing.

On s'est rapidement aperçu que de tels écrans devaient supporter des contraintes horizontales provenant des terres retenues.We quickly realized that such screens had to withstand horizontal constraints from the retained land.

Pour répondre à cette exigence, une proposition a été faite de réaliser les écrans en forme de mur-poids par analogie avec la conception développée pour la constitution de barrages hydrauliques. Selon un tel concept, le poids propre du mur est le seul élément de résistance vis-à-vis de la poussée à supporter.To meet this requirement, a proposal was made to make the screens in the form of wall-weights by analogy with the design developed for the constitution of hydraulic dams. According to such a concept, the self-weight of the wall is the only element of resistance vis-à-vis the thrust to support.

Si de tels murs sont à même de répondre à l'objectif devant être atteint, en revanche, il sont d'une exécution lourde et onéreuse.If such walls are able to meet the objective to be achieved, on the other hand, they are of a heavy and expensive execution.

Il a été ensuite envisagé de faire participer les matériaux à la résistance que doit présenter l'écran à la poussée de tels matériaux. Dans ce but, de nombreuses propositions ont été formulées consistant à réaliser l'écran sous la forme d'un voile mince, vertical ou incliné, s'élevant à partir d'une semelle possédant une partie amont, dénommée talon, enterrée dans le matériau à soutenir. Généralement, des contreforts sont prévus sur la face amont du voile pour contribuer à sa résistance mécanique.It was then envisaged to involve the materials in the resistance which the screen must present to the thrust of such materials. To this end, many proposals have been made consisting of making the screen in the form of a thin veil, vertical or inclined, rising from a sole having an upstream part, called heel, buried in the material to support. Generally, buttresses are provided on the upstream face of the web to contribute to its mechanical strength.

De tels ouvrages peuvent être réalisés de façon plus pratique et moins onéreuse, mais ne permettent pas de répondre de façon optimale à des exigences de soutènement de hauteur élevée et de constitution de parements végétalisables pour améliorer l'aspect esthétique de la construction érigée.Such structures can be produced in a more practical and less costly manner, but do not make it possible to optimally respond to the requirements of high height support and the constitution of vegetable facings to improve the aesthetic appearance of the erected construction.

Une technique différente a été proposée pour construire des écrans de soutènement à partir de modules préfabriqués empilables. De tels modules permettent de répondre à l'exigence de parements végétalisables, mais n'autorisent pas la maîtrise des efforts s'exerçant sur les modules préfabriqués empilés et, par conséquent, une véritable justification de stabilité.A different technique has been proposed for constructing retaining screens from prefabricated stackable modules. Such modules make it possible to meet the requirement for vegetable facings, but do not allow the control of the forces exerted on the prefabricated stacked modules and, consequently, a real justification of stability.

Les techniques connues ne permettent donc toujours pas de résoudre le problème globalement ainsi posé et le besoin se fait toujours sentir de pouvoir disposer de moyens légers, peu onéreux et faciles de mise en oeuvre pour constituer un ouvrage de soutènement pouvant être établi sur une grande hauteur, sans risque de désordre ou de ruine dans le temps, tout en présentant une façade de parement facilement végétalisable de façon durable dans le temps pour en améliorer l'aspect esthétique.The known techniques therefore still do not make it possible to solve the problem thus posed overall and the need is still felt to be able to have light, inexpensive and easy to implement means to constitute a support structure which can be established over a great height. , without risk of disorder or ruin over time, while presenting a facing facade that can be easily vegetated in a sustainable manner over time to improve its aesthetic appearance.

Pour atteindre les objectifs ci-dessus, l'invention concerne un élément de construction caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
- une plaque de façade possédant un plan de symétrie transversal perpendiculaire à la direction de sa base,
- et une poutre-nervure s'étendant dans le plan de symétrie, à partir de la face amont de la plaque, possédant une base au moins localement coplanaire avec celle de la plaque et présentant au moins localement une hauteur généralement inférieure à celle de la plaque.To achieve the above objectives, the invention relates to a building element characterized in that it comprises:
- a facade plate having a plane of transverse symmetry perpendicular to the direction of its base,
- And a rib-beam extending in the plane of symmetry, from the upstream face of the plate, having a base at least locally coplanar with that of the plate and having at least locally a height generally less than that of the plate.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de constitution d'un ouvrage de soutènement à partir d'éléments de construction du type ci-dessus, procédé caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à :
- préparer le sol à partir duquel l'ouvrage doit s'ériger,
- poser sur ce sol une première rangée d'éléments disposés successivement à côté l'un de l'autre mais sans contact mutuel et de telle manière que les plaques définissent la façade de l'ouvrage et que les poutres-nervures soient dirigées vers le massif à soutenir,
- placer entre les bords verticaux espacés des plaques successives des filtres appliqués et maintenus contre les faces amont des plaques de façade,
- combler les alvéoles définies par les poutres-nervures avec un matériau de remblai compacté pour que son niveau s'établisse au moins dans le plan des bords supérieurs des plaques,
- poser sur ce niveau et comme dit précédemment une deuxième rangée d'éléments en faisant en sorte qu'il n'existe pas de contact entre les plaques et poutres-nervures des éléments d'une rangée à l'autre,
- combler les alvéoles de la deuxième rangée comme dit précédemment,
- et procéder de même pour autant de rangées nécessaires pour atteindre la hauteur devant être conférée à l'ouvrage.The subject of the invention is also a method of constituting a retaining structure from construction elements of the above type, a method characterized in that it consists in:
- prepare the soil from which the structure is to be erected,
- place on this floor a first row of elements arranged successively next to each other but without mutual contact and in such a way that the plates define the facade of the structure and that the beams-ribs are directed towards the massive to support,
- place between the spaced vertical edges of the successive plates of the filters applied and held against the upstream faces of the facade plates,
- fill the cells defined by the beams-ribs with a compacted fill material so that its level is established at least in the plane of the upper edges of the plates,
- place a second row of elements on this level and as said above, ensuring that there is no contact between the plates and beams of the elements from one row to another,
- fill the cells in the second row as mentioned above,
- and do the same for as many rows as necessary to reach the height to be given to the structure.

L'invention a encore pour objet, en tant que produit nouveau, un ouvrage de soutènement caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
- une première rangée de base posée sur le sol et constituée d'éléments de construction disposés successivement l'un à côté de l'autre sans contact mutuel, de telle sorte que les plaques définissent la façade de l'ouvrage et que les poutres-nervures s'étendent en direction du massif à soutenir,
- une couche de matériau de remblai compactée, remplissant les alvéoles délimités entre les poutres-nervures et s'établissant à un niveau au moins égal à celui des bords supérieurs des plaques de façade,
- n rangées d'éléments superposées associées aux couches de remblai correspondantes et dans chacune desquelles les plaques des éléments sont disposées sans contact avec, soit les plaques, soit les poutres-nervures de la rangée immédiatement inférieure.The subject of the invention is also, as a new product, a retaining structure characterized in that it comprises:
- a first base row placed on the ground and made up of construction elements arranged successively one beside the other without mutual contact, so that the plates define the facade of the structure and that the beams - ribs extend in the direction of the massif to be supported,
- a layer of compacted backfill material, filling the cells delimited between the beams-ribs and establishing at least one level equal to that of the upper edges of the front plates,
- n rows of superimposed elements associated with the corresponding fill layers and in each of which the plates of the elements are arranged without contact with either the plates or the beams-ribs of the immediately lower row.

Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description faite ci-dessous en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention.

  • La fig. 1 est une perspective de l'élément de construction conforme à l'invention.
  • La fig. 2 est une vue latérale correspondant à la fig. 1.
  • La fig. 3 est une vue de dessus correspondant à la fig. 1.
  • La fig. 4 est une vue schématique montrant la mise en oeuvre du procédé pour la constitution d'un ouvrage de soutènement.
  • La fig. 5 est une vue de face prise selon la ligne V-V de la fig. 4.
  • La fig. 6 est une vue en plan schématique correspondant à la ligne VI-VI de la fig. 5.
  • La fig. 7 est une perspective analogue à la fig. 1 illustrant une variante de réalisation de l'élément de construction.
  • La fig. 8 est une vue latérale mettant en évidence, de façon parallèle à la fig. 4, la mise en oeuvre de l'élément selon la fig. 7 pour la constitution d'un ouvrage de soutènement à parement vertical ou à faible inclinaison.
Various other characteristics will emerge from the description given below with reference to the appended drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective of the building element according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 1 .
  • Fig. 3 is a top view corresponding to FIG. 1 .
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the implementation of the method for the constitution of a retaining structure.
  • Fig. 5 is a front view taken along the line VV in FIG. 4 .
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view corresponding to the line VI-VI of FIG. 5 .
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective similar to FIG. 1 illustrating an alternative embodiment of the building element.
  • Fig. 8 is a side view showing, parallel to FIG. 4 , the implementation of the element according to FIG. 7 for the construction of a retaining structure with vertical facing or at low inclination.

L'élément de construction selon les fig. 1 et 2 est constitué sous la forme d'un ensemble monobloc réalisé en toute matière appropriée. Dans le domaine d'application préférée de l'objet de l'invention, un tel élément de construction est réalisé de façon préfabriquée monolithique, en béton armé selon les techniques de fabrication connues de l'homme de l'art.The building element according to fig. 1 and 2 is formed in the form of a one-piece assembly made of any suitable material. In the preferred field of application of the object of the invention, such a construction element is produced in a prefabricated monolithic manner, in reinforced concrete according to the manufacturing techniques known to those skilled in the art.

L'élément de construction, désigné dans son ensemble par la référence I, comprend une plaque de façade 1 pouvant être plane ou courbe, en étant alors convexe ou concave. Dans tous les cas, il peut être considéré que la plaque de façade 1 se trouve définie ou matérialisée par un plan général P.The building element, generally designated by the reference I , comprises a front plate 1 which can be flat or curved, while being convex or concave. In all cases, it can be considered that the front plate 1 is defined or embodied by a general plane P.

La plaque de façade 1 possède une face dite aval 2, une face dite amont 3, deux bords latéraux 4, de préférence mais non obligatoirement parallèles entre eux et s'élevant à partir d'une base 5 s'étendant dans un plan de référence P₁. La plaque 1 est également définie par un bord supérieur 6 qui est, de préférence mais non obligatoirement, parallèle à la base 5.The front plate 1 has a so-called downstream face 2, a so-called upstream face 3 , two lateral edges 4 , preferably but not necessarily parallel to each other and rising from a base 5 extending in a reference plane P₁ . The plate 1 is also defined by an upper edge 6 which is preferably but not necessarily parallel to the base 5 .

L'élément de construction I comprend, en outre, une poutre-nervure 7 faisant partie intégrante de la plaque 1 en s'étendant à partir de la face amont 3 de cette dernière. La poutre-nervure 7 est disposée sur chant pour être placée dans un plan P₂ de symétrie transversale de la plaque 1 et de l'élément I, un tel plan P₂ étant perpendiculaire au plan de référence P₁. La poutre-nervure 7 s'étend à partir de la face amont 3 à laquelle elle est raccordée, de préférence, par deux congés latéraux 8. La poutre-nervure 7 possède une base 9 qui est, dans l'exemple illustré, coplanaire avec la base 5 de la plaque 1. La poutre-nervure 7 possède une hauteur h qui est généralement inférieure à la hauteur H de la plaque 1 comme représenté aux dessins.The building element I further comprises a beam-rib 7 which is an integral part of the plate 1 , extending from the upstream face 3 of the latter. The beam-rib 7 is arranged on edge to be placed in a plane P₂ of transverse symmetry of the plate 1 and of the element I , such a plane P₂ being perpendicular to the reference plane P₁ . The rib-beam 7 extends from the upstream face 3 to which it is connected, preferably, by two lateral fillets 8 . The beam-rib 7 has a base 9 which is, in the example illustrated, coplanar with the base 5 of the plate 1 . The beam-rib 7 has a height h which is generally less than the height H of the plate 1 as shown in the drawings.

La fig. 1 montre que la poutre-nervure 7 est délimitée à son extrémité libre par une face verticale 11 qui peut, éventuellement, être pourvue de moyens d'ancrage 12, comme cela ressort de ce qui suit. Les moyens 12 peuvent consister en un talon 13 s'étendant latéralement de part et d'autre de la poutre-nervure 7 ou encore par un moyen 14 d'ancrage ou de fixation d'un câble, filin ou d'un feuillard dont la fonction peut être considérée analogue au principe d'ancrage connu dans les techniques de renforcement de sol. Fig. 1 shows that the beam-rib 7 is delimited at its free end by a vertical face 11 which can, optionally, be provided with anchoring means 12 , as is apparent from what follows. The means 12 may consist of a heel 13 extending laterally on either side of the beam-rib 7 or even by a means 14 for anchoring or fixing a cable, rope or strip whose function can be considered analogous to the anchoring principle known in soil reinforcement techniques.

La poutre-nervure 7 possède deux faces latérales 15 qui peuvent être épaulées sensiblement au niveau de la base 9. Une telle conformation épaulée peut résulter d'un état de convergence des faces latérales 15 depuis la base 9 ou encore de la présence de deux rebords 16 formés en saillie à partir de la base 9 pour être raccordés aux parois 15. Des épaulements 17 et respectivement 18 peuvent être prévus de façon analogue pour ce qui concerne la base 5 de la plaque 2 et ta base 19 du talon 13.The beam-rib 7 has two lateral faces 15 which can be supported substantially at the level of the base 9 . A such shouldered conformation can result from a state of convergence of the lateral faces 15 from the base 9 or else from the presence of two flanges 16 projecting from the base 9 to be connected to the walls 15. Shoulders 17 and 18 respectively may be provided in a similar manner as regards the base 5 of the plate 2 and the base 19 of the heel 13 .

Dans une forme de réalisation généralement préférée, la poutre-nervure 7 s'étend perpendiculairement au plan de référence P₁, alors que la plaque 1 est formée pour que son plan global P soit perpendiculaire au plan P₁, comme illustré notamment par la fig. 2. Il peut, toutefois, être envisagé de réaliser l'élément I de manière que le plan P de la plaque 1 fasse un angle α différent de 90o par rapport au plan de référence P₁. La fig. 2 montre, à titre d'exemple, une réalisation dans laquelle le plan P est incliné d'une mesure α à l'opposé de la poutre-nervure 7. Une inclinaison de sens oppose pourrait également être envisagée.In a generally preferred embodiment, the beam-rib 7 extends perpendicular to the reference plane P₁, while the plate 1 is formed so that its overall plane P is perpendicular to the plane P₁ , as illustrated in particular in FIG. 2 . It can, however, be envisaged to produce the element I so that the plane P of the plate 1 makes an angle α different from 90 o relative to the reference plane P₁ . Fig. 2 shows, by way of example, an embodiment in which the plane P is inclined by a measure α opposite the beam-rib 7. An inclination of opposite direction could also be envisaged.

Les faces latérales 15 de la poutre-nervure 7, pourvues ou non des épaulements 16 peuvent être lisses selon les fig. 1 et 2 ou, encore, pourvues de conformations locales 20 et 21 successivement en creux et en relief, de manière à créer, dans le plan de chacune des faces latérales, des zones où en cas de glissement intervient pour chaque conformation en creux un cisaillement de matériau du site. L'exemple de conformation illustré par la fig. 3 n'est donné qu'à titre non limitatif pour illustrer une réalisation de préfabrication possible.The lateral faces 15 of the rib-beam 7 , whether or not provided with the shoulders 16, can be smooth according to FIGS. 1 and 2 or, again, provided with local conformations 20 and 21 successively in hollow and in relief, so as to create, in the plane of each of the lateral faces, zones in which, in the event of a slip, shear occurs of site material. The example of conformation illustrated in FIG. 3 is given only without implied limitation to illustrate a possible prefabrication embodiment.

Il peut être envisagé de conférer à la poutre-nervure 7 une largeur globale constante de la face amont 3 jusqu'à la partie terminale arrière ou encore une largeur croissant dans le même sens. Cette dernière forme de réalisation présente l'intérêt, en cas de tendance au glissement vers l'aval de l'élément, de faire croître le frottement par accroissement de la compaction par l'effet de coin.It can be envisaged to give the beam-rib 7 a constant overall width from the upstream face 3 to the rear end part or a width increasing in the same direction. This last embodiment has the advantage, in the event of a tendency to slide downstream of the element, to increase the friction by increasing the compaction by the wedge effect.

L'élément de construction décrit ci-dessus est mis en oeuvre de la façon suivante pour construire un ouvrage de soutènement II en relation avec un front de taille 25 tel que schématisé à la fig. 4.The construction element described above is used in the following manner to construct a retaining structure II in relation to a face of size 25 such as shown schematically in fig. 4 .

Le sol S précédant le front de taille 25 est préparé conformément aux prescriptions habituelles en la matière pour disposer d'une surface de base cohérente, définissant un plan d'appui stable. La préparation peut donc consister en un simple régalage ou encore en la constitution d'une semelle d'appui.The ground S preceding the cutting face 25 is prepared in accordance with the usual prescriptions in the matter in order to have a coherent base surface, defining a stable support plane. The preparation can therefore consist in a simple leveling or in the constitution of a support sole.

Sur le sol S, on dispose une première rangée R₁ d'éléments de construction I identiques qui sont tous disposés successivement les uns à côté des autres sans, toutefois, qu'un contact intervienne entre les bords verticaux 4 des plaques 1. En d'autres termes, les éléments I sont disposés côte à côte en ménageant un intervalle 26, entre les bords 4. Les éléments I de la rangée R₁ sont disposés pour que les plaques 1 définissent la façade de l'ouvrage à ériger et pour que les poutres-nervures 7 s'étendent en direction du massif M à soutenir (fig. 5 et 6). Les éléments I peuvent être de type simple ou, au contraire, pourvus de l'un quelconque des moyens d'ancrage 13 ou 14 décrits précédemment. Dans ce dernier cas, le moyen 14 est alors muni d'un organe longiligne destiné à améliorer l'ancrage.On the ground S, there is a first row R₁ of identical building elements I which are all arranged successively one next to the other without, however, that contact occurs between the vertical edges 4 of the plates 1 . In other words, the elements I are arranged side by side with a gap 26 between the edges 4 . The elements I of the row R₁ are arranged so that the plates 1 define the facade of the structure to be erected and so that the beams-ribs 7 extend in the direction of the block M to be supported ( fig. 5 and 6 ). The elements I can be of the simple type or, on the contrary, provided with any one of the anchoring means 13 or 14 described above. In the latter case, the means 14 is then provided with a slender member intended to improve the anchoring.

Lorsque tous les éléments I de la rangée R₁ ont été disposés comme dit précédemment, les intervalles 26 sont munis, par application et maintien contre les faces amont 3, de filtres 27 consistant, généralement, en une bande, plaque ou panneau de matière ajourée dont l'ouverture de mailles est choisie en fonction de la granulométrie des matériaux du massif M ou encore de matériaux de remblai. L'application et le maintien temporaire des filtres 27 peuvent être assurés de toute manière convenable choisie en fonction de la nature des matières en présence.When all the elements I of the row R₁ have been arranged as said above, the intervals 26 are provided, by application and maintenance against the upstream faces 3 , of filters 27 consisting, generally, of a strip, plate or panel of openwork material of which the mesh opening is chosen according to the granulometry of the materials of the solid mass M or of backfill materials. The application and temporary maintenance of the filters 27 can be ensured in any suitable manner chosen according to the nature of the materials present.

Une autre étape du procédé consiste alors à constituer une couche de matériau de remblai m₁ derrière les différentes plaques 1 de façon à remplir les alvéoles successifs qui sont délimités par les poutres-nervures 7. Le matériau de remblai est choisi en fonction des critères habituels en la matière et se trouve compacté selon les prescriptions également habituelles, de façon à s'établir selon un niveau n₁ passant au plus dans le plan du bord supérieur 6 des plaques 1 en occupant un plan parallèle au plan de référence P₁.Another step of the process then consists in constituting a layer of backfill material m ₁ behind the various plates 1 so as to fill the successive cells which are delimited by the beams-ribs 7 . The backfill material is chosen according to the usual criteria in the matter and is compacted according to the also usual prescriptions, so as to be established at a level n ₁ passing at most in the plane from the upper edge 6 of the plates 1 , occupying a plane parallel to the reference plane P₁ .

Une autre étape du procédé consiste, ensuite, à établir, par appui sur le niveau n₁, une deuxième rangée R₂ d'éléments 1 qui sont disposés comme dit précédemment en étant placés relativement de manière que les plaques 1 soient disposées, de préférence mais non exclusivement, en appareil en quinconque par rapport à celles des éléments constitutifs de la rangée R₁.Another step of the process then consists in establishing, by pressing on the level n ₁ , a second row R₂ of elements 1 which are arranged as said above while being placed relatively so that the plates 1 are arranged, preferably but not exclusively, in apparatus in staggered relation to those of the constituent elements of the row R₁ .

Selon le procédé de l'invention, les éléments I de la rangée R₂ sont placés sur le niveau n₁, de telle façon qu'aucun contact n'intervienne entre les bases 5 et 9 des éléments de la rangée R₂ avec les bords supérieurs des éléments I constitutifs de la rangée R₁. Le respect d'une telle exigence est, par exemple, atteint en décalant les éléments I de la rangée R₂ de façon que les plaques 1 de ces éléments soient déplacées en direction amont par rapport aux plaques 1 des éléments I de la rangée R₁.According to the method of the invention, the elements I of the row R₂ are placed on the level n ₁ , so that no contact takes place between the bases 5 and 9 of the elements of the row R₂ with the upper edges of the constituent elements I of row R₁ . Compliance with such a requirement is, for example, achieved by shifting the elements I of the row R₂ so that the plates 1 of these elements are moved upstream relative to the plates 1 of the elements I of the row R₁ .

La rangée R₂ est complétée par la constitution de la couche de matériau de remblai m₂ compactée comme dit précédemment en ce qui concerne la couche m₁, de façon à définir un niveau de pose n₂.The row R₂ is completed by the constitution of the layer of backfill material m ₂ compacted as said above with regard to the layer m ₁ , so as to define a level of laying n ₂ .

On procède ainsi de suite pour la constitution d'autant de rangées R₃, R₄, Rn qu'il est nécessaire de superposer de façon à conférer, à l'ouvrage II, la hauteur de soutènement recherchée pour retenir et consolider le massif M, tel qu'illustré par la fig. 4.This is followed immediately for the constitution of as many rows R₃, R₄, R n as it is necessary to superimpose so as to give, to the structure II , the retaining height desired to retain and consolidate the massif M , as illustrated in fig. 4 .

Ainsi que cela ressort de l'examen des dessins et de la description qui précède, l'élément de construction et le procédé de mise en oeuvre selon l'invention permettent de constituer un ouvrage de soutènement II à partir de rangées successives d'éléments de construction, juxtaposés sans contact et délimitant des alvéoles remplis d'un matériau de remblai compacté.As appears from the examination of the drawings and the preceding description, the construction element and the implementation method according to the invention make it possible to constitute a retaining structure II from successive rows of elements of construction, juxtaposed without contact and delimiting cells filled with a compacted fill material.

Un tel ouvrage de soutènement II peut être construit sur des hauteurs variables à partir d'éléments de construction préfabriqués qui sont, en outre, d'encombrement faible et de masse relativement peu élevée. Il devient ainsi possible de disposer de matériaux constructifs d'un coût avantageux, pouvant être aisément manipulés sur chantier sans nécessiter le recours à des installations de levage lourdes et encombrantes.Such a retaining structure II can be built on variable heights from prefabricated building elements which are, moreover, of small bulk and relatively low mass. It thus becomes possible to have advantageous construction materials that can be easily handled on site without requiring the use of heavy and bulky lifting installations.

En outre, l'ouvrage de soutènement II est érigé à partir d'éléments de construction ne possédant pas de contact entre eux, de sorte qu'une configuration aisément adaptable au profil local peut être facilement conférée, notamment pour ce qui concerne la façade de l'ouvrage II.In addition, the retaining structure II is erected from building elements which do not have contact with each other, so that a configuration easily adaptable to the local profile can be easily conferred, in particular as regards the facade of book II .

Par ailleurs, il convient de remarquer que l'ouvrage de soutènement II ne comporte aucun matériau dont le comportement à long terme soit mal connu ou soit l'objet d'incertitude en ce qui concerne la pérennité des caractéristiques mécaniques dans le temps.Furthermore, it should be noted that the retaining structure II does not contain any material whose long-term behavior is poorly understood or is the subject of uncertainty with regard to the durability of the mechanical characteristics over time.

Par ailleurs, l'absence de contact entre les éléments de construction, soit dans une même rangée, soit entre deux rangées superposées, élimine les inconvénients fondamentaux du poinçonnement intervenant dans les ouvrages construits à partir d'éléments modulaires en contact permanent.Furthermore, the absence of contact between the construction elements, either in the same row, or between two superimposed rows, eliminates the fundamental drawbacks of punching occurring in structures constructed from modular elements in permanent contact.

La construction par juxtaposition des éléments I sans contact confère, par ailleurs, à l'ouvrage II une souplesse certaine lui permettant d'absorber des tassements différentiels sans apparition de désordre susceptible de nuire à sa fonction de rétention et de soutènement.The construction by juxtaposition of the contactless elements I moreover gives the structure II a certain flexibility allowing it to absorb differential settlements without the appearance of disorder likely to harm its retention and support function.

Par ailleurs, il convient de remarquer, notamment, par examen des fig. 4 et 6, que le décalage vers l'amont des plaques de chaque rangée en partant du bas permet de dégager, pour chaque plaque, une masse de terre significative à partir des niveaux successifs n offrant ainsi une possibilité d'implantation de végétaux. Un tel avantage est particulièrement sensible dans le cas où la réalisation de chaque élément de construction I fait intervenir le choix d'une plaque 1 courbe, convexe pour ce qui concerne sa face aval II.Furthermore, it should be noted, in particular, by examining FIGS. 4 and 6 , that the upstream offset of the plates of each row starting from the bottom makes it possible to release, for each plate, a significant mass of soil from successive levels n thus offering the possibility of planting plants. Such an advantage is particularly noticeable in the case where the production of each construction element I involves the choice of a curved plate 1 , convex with regard to its downstream face II .

Il convient de noter que le choix de la réalisation de la plaque 1, dans sa forme, sa structure ou sa composition, peut aisément être retenu pour tenir compte de propriétés d'absorption phonique par réflexion ou absorption.It should be noted that the choice of the production of the plate 1, in its shape, its structure or its composition, can easily be retained to take account of absorption properties. phonic by reflection or absorption.

Dans l'exemple selon la fig. 1, l'ouvrage II est ensuite complété par l'apport d'une masse de matériaux m′ éventuellement non compactée, rapportée et étalée sur le niveau n n pour parfaire le massif, en vue de lui assurer une forme particulière ainsi qu'une possibilité de végétalisation.In the example according to fig. 1, the structure II is then completed by the addition of a mass of materials m ′ possibly not compacted, added and spread over the level n n to perfect the massif, in order to provide it with a particular shape and a possibility of revegetation.

La fig. 7 montre une variante de réalisation dans laquelle la poutre-nervure 7 est réalisée de manière à posséder, dans sa partie proche de la plaque 1, une base 9₁ coplanaire avec la base 5 de la plaque 1 et, au-delà de cette partie, une base 9₂ s'étendant au-delà du plan de référence P₁. Une telle forme de réalisation permet, comme cela est illustré par la fig. 8, de disposer, entre la base 5 de la plaque 1 et la base 9₂, d'un dégagement 30 permettant de placer les éléments des rangées successives en exacte superposition comme illustré par la fig. 8, tout en respectant l'exigence de non contact ponctuel ou total entre les éléments de construction de deux rangées superposées. Une telle forme de réalisation permet d'ériger un ouvrage II dont la façade est constituée des plaques 1 ne présentant entre elles aucun décalage relatif vers l'amont. Fig. 7 shows an alternative embodiment in which the beam-rib 7 is produced so as to have, in its part close to the plate 1 , a base 9₁ coplanar with the base 5 of the plate 1 and, beyond this part, a base 9₂ extending beyond the reference plane P₁ . Such an embodiment allows, as illustrated in FIG. 8, to have, between the base 5 of the plate 1 and the base 9₂ , a clearance 30 allowing the elements of the successive rows to be placed in exact superposition as illustrated in FIG. 8 , while respecting the requirement of non-point or total contact between the construction elements of two superimposed rows. Such an embodiment makes it possible to erect a structure II , the facade of which consists of plates 1 having no relative offset between them between them.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés, car diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir de son cadre.The invention is not limited to the examples described and shown, since various modifications can be made thereto without departing from its scope.

Claims (12)

1 - Elément de construction pour la constitution d'un ouvrage de soutènement comprenant :
- une plaque de façade (1) possédant un plan de symétrie transversal (P₂) perpendiculaire à la direction de sa base (5),
- et une poutre-nervure (7) s'étendant dans le plan de symétrie, à partir de la face amont (3) de la plaque, possédant une base (9) au moins localement coplanaire avec celle de la plaque et présentant au moins localement une hauteur ( h ) généralement inférieure à celle (H) de la plaque,
ledit élément étant
caractérisé en ce que la plaque (1) possède une face aval (2) présentant une forme courbe. 1 - Construction element for the constitution of a retaining structure comprising:
- a front plate ( 1 ) having a transverse plane of symmetry ( P₂ ) perpendicular to the direction of its base ( 5 ),
- And a beam-rib ( 7 ) extending in the plane of symmetry, from the upstream face ( 3 ) of the plate, having a base ( 9 ) at least locally coplanar with that of the plate and having at least locally a height ( h ) generally less than that ( H ) of the plate,
said element being
characterized in that the plate ( 1 ) has a downstream face ( 2 ) having a curved shape. 2 - Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la poutre-nervure (7) possède une base (9) s'étendant, dans sa partie proche de la plaque, dans le plan de la base (5) de cette dernière et, au-delà de cette partie, en saillie par rapport à ce plan. 2 - construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam-rib ( 7 ) has a base ( 9 ) extending, in its part close to the plate, in the plane of the base ( 5 ) of this last and, beyond this part, projecting from this plane. 3 - Element de construction selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la poutre-nervure (7) possède une largeur croissant de la face amont de la plaque en direction de la partie arrière. 3 - building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the beam-rib ( 7 ) has an increasing width of the upstream face of the plate in the direction of the rear part. 4 - Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la plaque (1) possède une face aval (2) définie par un plan (P) faisant un angle (α) différent de 90° avec un plan perpendiculaire au plan passant par la base. 4 - Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate ( 1 ) has a downstream face ( 2 ) defined by a plane ( P ) making an angle ( α ) different from 90 ° with a plane perpendicular to the passing plane from the bottom up. 5 - Elément de construction selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la poutre-nervure (7) possède, sur ses deux faces latérales (15), des conformations locales (20, 21) successivement en saillie et en creux. 5 - building element according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the beam-rib ( 7 ) has, on its two lateral faces ( 15 ), local conformations ( 20, 21 ) successively projecting and hollow . 6 - Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la poutre-nervure (7) possède un moyen d'ancrage (12) à son extrémité opposée à la plaque (1). 6 - building element according to one of claims 1 to 3 or 5, characterized in that the beam-rib ( 7 ) has an anchoring means ( 12 ) at its end opposite to the plate ( 1 ) . 7 - Elément de construction selon la revendication 1 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la plaque (1) est raccordée à la poutre-nervure par des congés (8). 7 - Building element according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the plate ( 1 ) is connected to the beam-rib by fillets ( 8 ). 8 - Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications 1, 4 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la plaque (1) et la poutre-nervure (7) possèdent chacune une base épaulée (17, 16). 8 - Building element according to one of claims 1, 4 or 7, characterized in that the plate ( 1 ) and the beam-rib ( 7 ) each have a stepped base ( 17, 16 ). 9 - Procédé de constitution d'un ouvrage de soutènement à partir d'éléments de construction d'un même type comprenant une plaque de façade prolongée à partir de sa face amont par une poutre-nervure s'étendant dans le plan de symétrie de la plaque
caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à :
- préparer le sol (S) à partir duquel l'ouvrage doit s'ériger,
- poser sur ce sol une première rangée (R₁) d'éléments disposés successivement à côté l'un de l'autre mais sans contact mutuel et de telle manière que les plaques définissent la façade de l'ouvrage et que les poutres-nervures soient dirigées vers le massif à soutenir,
- placer entre les bords verticaux espacés des plaques successives des filtres (27) appliqués et maintenus contre les faces amont (3) des plaques de façade,
- combler les alvéoles définis par les poutres-nervures avec un matériau de remblai ( m₁) compacté pour que son niveau ( n₁) s'établisse au moins dans le plan des bords supérieurs des plaques,
- poser sur ce niveau et comme dit précédemment une deuxième rangée (R₂) d'éléments en faisant en sorte qu'il n'existe pas de contact entre les plaques et poutres-nervures des éléments d'une rangée à l'autre,
- combler les alvéoles de la deuxième rangée comme dit précédememnt,
- et procéder de même pour autant de rangées nécessaires pour atteindre la hauteur devant être conférée à l'ouvrage (II). 9 - Method of constituting a retaining structure from building elements of the same type comprising a facade plate extended from its upstream face by a beam-rib extending in the plane of symmetry of the plate
characterized in that it consists of:
- prepare the soil ( S ) from which the structure is to be erected,
- Place on this floor a first row ( R₁ ) of elements arranged successively next to each other but without mutual contact and in such a way that the plates define the facade of the structure and that the beams-ribs are directed towards the massif to be supported,
- place between the spaced vertical edges of the successive plates of the filters ( 27 ) applied and held against the upstream faces ( 3 ) of the front plates,
- fill the cells defined by the beams-ribs with a compacted fill material ( m ₁ ) so that its level ( n ₁ ) becomes established at least in the plane of the upper edges of the plates,
- place on this level and as said previously a second row ( R₂ ) of elements by ensuring that there is no contact between the plates and beams of the elements from one row to another,
- fill the cells in the second row as said before,
- and do the same for as many rows as necessary to reach the height to be given to the structure ( II ). 10 - Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'on pose les éléments de construction, de manière que les plaques soient décalées vers l'amont d'une rangée à une autre en partant de la base de l'ouvrage. 10 - A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the construction elements are placed, so that the plates are offset upstream from one row to another starting from the base of the structure. 11 - Ouvrage soutènement, constitué d'éléments de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
- une première rangée (R₁) de base posée sur le sol et constituée d'éléments de construction disposés successivement l'un à côté de l'autre sans contact mutuel, de telle sorte que les plaques (1) définissent la façade de l'ouvrage et que les poutres-nervures (7) s'étendent en direction du massif (M) à soutenir,
- une couche de matériau de remblai compactée ( m₁) remplissant les alvéoles délimités entre les poutres-nervures et s'établissant à un niveau ( n₁) au moins égal à celui des bords supérieurs des plaques de façade,
- n rangées superposées d'éléments associés aux couches de remblai correspondantes et dans chacune desquelles les plaques des éléments sont disposées sans contact avec, soit les plaques, soit les poutres-nervures de la rangée immédiatement inférieure. 11 - Retaining structure, consisting of building elements according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:
- a first first row ( R₁ ) placed on the ground and made up of construction elements arranged successively one next to the other without mutual contact, so that the plates ( 1 ) define the facade of the structure and that the beams-ribs ( 7 ) extend in the direction of the block ( M ) to be supported,
- a layer of compacted backfill material ( m rempl ) filling the cells delimited between the beams-ribs and establishing themselves at a level ( n ₁ ) at least equal to that of the upper edges of the facade plates,
- n superimposed rows of elements associated with the corresponding backfill layers and in each of which the plates of the elements are arranged without contact with either the plates or the beams-ribs of the immediately lower row. 12 - Ouvrage de soutènement selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les éléments sont disposés de manière que les plaques soient décalées vers l'amont d'une rangée à l'autre en partant de la base. 12 - Support structure according to claim 11, characterized in that the elements are arranged so that the plates are offset upstream from one row to the other starting from the base.
EP90420509A 1989-11-24 1990-11-26 Retaining structure and method of construction of a retaining structure Expired - Lifetime EP0429379B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8915755A FR2655074B1 (en) 1989-11-24 1989-11-24 CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR THE CONSTITUTION OF A SUPPORT STRUCTURE, METHOD FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION AND SUPPORT STRUCTURE OBTAINED.
FR8915755 1989-11-24

Publications (2)

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EP0429379A1 true EP0429379A1 (en) 1991-05-29
EP0429379B1 EP0429379B1 (en) 1996-02-28

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EP90420509A Expired - Lifetime EP0429379B1 (en) 1989-11-24 1990-11-26 Retaining structure and method of construction of a retaining structure

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EP (1) EP0429379B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE134732T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69025552D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2655074B1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29720479U1 (en) * 1997-11-19 1999-03-25 Bodensohn, Karl Heinz, 63165 Mühlheim Stackable prefabricated components
US7090439B1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-15 The Neel Company Retaining wall construction element for railway installations
EP2426263A1 (en) * 2010-09-02 2012-03-07 Christian Gartner Drywall element for noise absorbing walls or slope stabilisation
US20190203441A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2019-07-04 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building elements for making retaining walls, and systems and methods of using same
WO2019223820A1 (en) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 Ehl Ag Retaining wall

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE841464C (en) * 1949-09-07 1952-06-16 Jaroslav Pokorny Building body for supporting Schuettmaterial
US3282054A (en) * 1964-04-01 1966-11-01 Saginor Irving Block structure for retaining walls
US4050254A (en) * 1975-08-13 1977-09-27 International Engineering Company, Inc. Modular structures, retaining wall system, and method of construction
FR2406700A1 (en) * 1977-10-21 1979-05-18 Sabla Sa PREFABRICATED ELEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION FOR THE ERECTION OF WALLS, ESPECIALLY OF SUPPORT
DE3103849A1 (en) * 1981-02-05 1982-09-09 Ed. Züblin AG, 7000 Stuttgart Securing structure for steep slopes and walls in which vegetation can grow
DE3313990A1 (en) * 1983-04-18 1984-10-25 Manfred 4300 Essen Bruer SLOPE STONE
WO1984004768A1 (en) * 1983-05-23 1984-12-06 Stresswall Int Prestressed component retaining wall system
US4684294A (en) * 1986-01-15 1987-08-04 Neill Raymond J O Retaining wall construction element
FR2613396A1 (en) * 1987-02-20 1988-10-07 Sarniguet Didier Ground-stabilising rings

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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FR2233857A5 (en) * 1973-06-14 1975-01-10 Maymont Paul Temporary retaining or stabilising wall - has front panels anchored by a chain link mesh embedded in the soil

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE841464C (en) * 1949-09-07 1952-06-16 Jaroslav Pokorny Building body for supporting Schuettmaterial
US3282054A (en) * 1964-04-01 1966-11-01 Saginor Irving Block structure for retaining walls
US4050254A (en) * 1975-08-13 1977-09-27 International Engineering Company, Inc. Modular structures, retaining wall system, and method of construction
FR2406700A1 (en) * 1977-10-21 1979-05-18 Sabla Sa PREFABRICATED ELEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION FOR THE ERECTION OF WALLS, ESPECIALLY OF SUPPORT
DE3103849A1 (en) * 1981-02-05 1982-09-09 Ed. Züblin AG, 7000 Stuttgart Securing structure for steep slopes and walls in which vegetation can grow
DE3313990A1 (en) * 1983-04-18 1984-10-25 Manfred 4300 Essen Bruer SLOPE STONE
WO1984004768A1 (en) * 1983-05-23 1984-12-06 Stresswall Int Prestressed component retaining wall system
US4684294A (en) * 1986-01-15 1987-08-04 Neill Raymond J O Retaining wall construction element
FR2613396A1 (en) * 1987-02-20 1988-10-07 Sarniguet Didier Ground-stabilising rings

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29720479U1 (en) * 1997-11-19 1999-03-25 Bodensohn, Karl Heinz, 63165 Mühlheim Stackable prefabricated components
US7090439B1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-15 The Neel Company Retaining wall construction element for railway installations
EP2426263A1 (en) * 2010-09-02 2012-03-07 Christian Gartner Drywall element for noise absorbing walls or slope stabilisation
DE102010036185A1 (en) * 2010-09-02 2012-03-08 Christian Gartner Drywall element for sound insulation walls or slope protection
US20190203441A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2019-07-04 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building elements for making retaining walls, and systems and methods of using same
US11149402B2 (en) * 2016-03-02 2021-10-19 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building elements for making retaining walls, and systems and methods of using same
US20220081868A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2022-03-17 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building Elements For Making Retaining Walls, And Systems And Methods Of Using Same
US11661719B2 (en) * 2016-03-02 2023-05-30 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building elements for making retaining walls, and systems and methods of using same
WO2019223820A1 (en) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 Ehl Ag Retaining wall

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2655074A1 (en) 1991-05-31
FR2655074B1 (en) 1994-05-13
ATE134732T1 (en) 1996-03-15
DE69025552D1 (en) 1996-04-04
EP0429379B1 (en) 1996-02-28

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