EP0429379A1 - Stützwand und Verfahren zum Aufbauen einer Stützwand - Google Patents

Stützwand und Verfahren zum Aufbauen einer Stützwand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0429379A1
EP0429379A1 EP90420509A EP90420509A EP0429379A1 EP 0429379 A1 EP0429379 A1 EP 0429379A1 EP 90420509 A EP90420509 A EP 90420509A EP 90420509 A EP90420509 A EP 90420509A EP 0429379 A1 EP0429379 A1 EP 0429379A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
plates
elements
plane
row
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP90420509A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0429379B1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Marchal
Joseph Golcheh
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Sabla SNC
Sabla SA
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Sabla SNC
Sabla SA
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Publication of EP0429379A1 publication Critical patent/EP0429379A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0233—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of support or retention of natural or artificial mass of more or less movable materials, likely to experience, by erosion, vibration, cracking, cleavage, landslides harmful to themselves or the environment.
  • a preferred application of the invention relates to the support of a working face in cut or fill in relation to a site to be protected, such as a built-up area, a road, a railroad, a road, etc. .
  • Such structures can be produced in a more practical and less costly manner, but do not make it possible to optimally respond to the requirements of high height support and the constitution of vegetable facings to improve the aesthetic appearance of the erected construction.
  • the known techniques therefore still do not make it possible to solve the problem thus posed overall and the need is still felt to be able to have light, inexpensive and easy to implement means to constitute a support structure which can be established over a great height. , without risk of disorder or ruin over time, while presenting a facing facade that can be easily vegetated in a sustainable manner over time to improve its aesthetic appearance.
  • the invention relates to a building element characterized in that it comprises: - a facade plate having a plane of transverse symmetry perpendicular to the direction of its base, - And a rib-beam extending in the plane of symmetry, from the upstream face of the plate, having a base at least locally coplanar with that of the plate and having at least locally a height generally less than that of the plate.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of constituting a retaining structure from construction elements of the above type, a method characterized in that it consists in: - prepare the soil from which the structure is to be erected, - place on this floor a first row of elements arranged successively next to each other but without mutual contact and in such a way that the plates define the facade of the structure and that the beams-ribs are directed towards the massive to support, - place between the spaced vertical edges of the successive plates of the filters applied and held against the upstream faces of the facade plates, - fill the cells defined by the beams-ribs with a compacted fill material so that its level is established at least in the plane of the upper edges of the plates, - place a second row of elements on this level and as said above, ensuring that there is no contact between the plates and beams of the elements from one row to another, - fill the cells in the second row as mentioned above, - and do the same for as many rows as necessary to reach the height to be given to the structure.
  • the subject of the invention is also, as a new product, a retaining structure characterized in that it comprises: - a first base row placed on the ground and made up of construction elements arranged successively one beside the other without mutual contact, so that the plates define the facade of the structure and that the beams - ribs extend in the direction of the massif to be supported, - a layer of compacted backfill material, filling the cells delimited between the beams-ribs and establishing at least one level equal to that of the upper edges of the front plates, - n rows of superimposed elements associated with the corresponding fill layers and in each of which the plates of the elements are arranged without contact with either the plates or the beams-ribs of the immediately lower row.
  • the building element according to fig. 1 and 2 is formed in the form of a one-piece assembly made of any suitable material.
  • a construction element is produced in a prefabricated monolithic manner, in reinforced concrete according to the manufacturing techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • the building element generally designated by the reference I , comprises a front plate 1 which can be flat or curved, while being convex or concave. In all cases, it can be considered that the front plate 1 is defined or embodied by a general plane P.
  • the front plate 1 has a so-called downstream face 2, a so-called upstream face 3 , two lateral edges 4 , preferably but not necessarily parallel to each other and rising from a base 5 extending in a reference plane P1 .
  • the plate 1 is also defined by an upper edge 6 which is preferably but not necessarily parallel to the base 5 .
  • the building element I further comprises a beam-rib 7 which is an integral part of the plate 1 , extending from the upstream face 3 of the latter.
  • the beam-rib 7 is arranged on edge to be placed in a plane P2 of transverse symmetry of the plate 1 and of the element I , such a plane P2 being perpendicular to the reference plane P1 .
  • the rib-beam 7 extends from the upstream face 3 to which it is connected, preferably, by two lateral fillets 8 .
  • the beam-rib 7 has a base 9 which is, in the example illustrated, coplanar with the base 5 of the plate 1 .
  • the beam-rib 7 has a height h which is generally less than the height H of the plate 1 as shown in the drawings.
  • Fig. 1 shows that the beam-rib 7 is delimited at its free end by a vertical face 11 which can, optionally, be provided with anchoring means 12 , as is apparent from what follows.
  • the means 12 may consist of a heel 13 extending laterally on either side of the beam-rib 7 or even by a means 14 for anchoring or fixing a cable, rope or strip whose function can be considered analogous to the anchoring principle known in soil reinforcement techniques.
  • the beam-rib 7 has two lateral faces 15 which can be supported substantially at the level of the base 9 .
  • a such shouldered conformation can result from a state of convergence of the lateral faces 15 from the base 9 or else from the presence of two flanges 16 projecting from the base 9 to be connected to the walls 15.
  • Shoulders 17 and 18 respectively may be provided in a similar manner as regards the base 5 of the plate 2 and the base 19 of the heel 13 .
  • the beam-rib 7 extends perpendicular to the reference plane P1, while the plate 1 is formed so that its overall plane P is perpendicular to the plane P1 , as illustrated in particular in FIG. 2 . It can, however, be envisaged to produce the element I so that the plane P of the plate 1 makes an angle ⁇ different from 90 o relative to the reference plane P1 .
  • Fig. 2 shows, by way of example, an embodiment in which the plane P is inclined by a measure ⁇ opposite the beam-rib 7. An inclination of opposite direction could also be envisaged.
  • the lateral faces 15 of the rib-beam 7 can be smooth according to FIGS. 1 and 2 or, again, provided with local conformations 20 and 21 successively in hollow and in relief, so as to create, in the plane of each of the lateral faces, zones in which, in the event of a slip, shear occurs of site material.
  • the example of conformation illustrated in FIG. 3 is given only without implied limitation to illustrate a possible prefabrication embodiment.
  • the construction element described above is used in the following manner to construct a retaining structure II in relation to a face of size 25 such as shown schematically in fig. 4 .
  • the ground S preceding the cutting face 25 is prepared in accordance with the usual prescriptions in the matter in order to have a coherent base surface, defining a stable support plane.
  • the preparation can therefore consist in a simple leveling or in the constitution of a support sole.
  • first row R1 of identical building elements I which are all arranged successively one next to the other without, however, that contact occurs between the vertical edges 4 of the plates 1 .
  • the elements I are arranged side by side with a gap 26 between the edges 4 .
  • the elements I of the row R1 are arranged so that the plates 1 define the facade of the structure to be erected and so that the beams-ribs 7 extend in the direction of the block M to be supported ( fig. 5 and 6 ).
  • the elements I can be of the simple type or, on the contrary, provided with any one of the anchoring means 13 or 14 described above. In the latter case, the means 14 is then provided with a slender member intended to improve the anchoring.
  • the intervals 26 are provided, by application and maintenance against the upstream faces 3 , of filters 27 consisting, generally, of a strip, plate or panel of openwork material of which the mesh opening is chosen according to the granulometry of the materials of the solid mass M or of backfill materials.
  • filters 27 consisting, generally, of a strip, plate or panel of openwork material of which the mesh opening is chosen according to the granulometry of the materials of the solid mass M or of backfill materials.
  • the application and temporary maintenance of the filters 27 can be ensured in any suitable manner chosen according to the nature of the materials present.
  • Another step of the process then consists in constituting a layer of backfill material m 1 behind the various plates 1 so as to fill the successive cells which are delimited by the beams-ribs 7 .
  • the backfill material is chosen according to the usual criteria in the matter and is compacted according to the also usual prescriptions, so as to be established at a level n 1 passing at most in the plane from the upper edge 6 of the plates 1 , occupying a plane parallel to the reference plane P1 .
  • Another step of the process then consists in establishing, by pressing on the level n 1 , a second row R2 of elements 1 which are arranged as said above while being placed relatively so that the plates 1 are arranged, preferably but not exclusively, in apparatus in staggered relation to those of the constituent elements of the row R1 .
  • the elements I of the row R2 are placed on the level n 1 , so that no contact takes place between the bases 5 and 9 of the elements of the row R2 with the upper edges of the constituent elements I of row R1 .
  • Compliance with such a requirement is, for example, achieved by shifting the elements I of the row R2 so that the plates 1 of these elements are moved upstream relative to the plates 1 of the elements I of the row R1 .
  • the row R2 is completed by the constitution of the layer of backfill material m 2 compacted as said above with regard to the layer m 1 , so as to define a level of laying n 2 .
  • the construction element and the implementation method according to the invention make it possible to constitute a retaining structure II from successive rows of elements of construction, juxtaposed without contact and delimiting cells filled with a compacted fill material.
  • Such a retaining structure II can be built on variable heights from prefabricated building elements which are, moreover, of small bulk and relatively low mass. It thus becomes possible to have advantageous construction materials that can be easily handled on site without requiring the use of heavy and bulky lifting installations.
  • the retaining structure II is erected from building elements which do not have contact with each other, so that a configuration easily adaptable to the local profile can be easily conferred, in particular as regards the facade of book II .
  • the retaining structure II does not contain any material whose long-term behavior is poorly understood or is the subject of uncertainty with regard to the durability of the mechanical characteristics over time.
  • the choice of the production of the plate 1, in its shape, its structure or its composition, can easily be retained to take account of absorption properties. phonic by reflection or absorption.
  • the structure II is then completed by the addition of a mass of materials m ′ possibly not compacted, added and spread over the level n n to perfect the massif, in order to provide it with a particular shape and a possibility of revegetation.
  • Fig. 7 shows an alternative embodiment in which the beam-rib 7 is produced so as to have, in its part close to the plate 1 , a base 91 coplanar with the base 5 of the plate 1 and, beyond this part, a base 92 extending beyond the reference plane P1 .
  • Such an embodiment allows, as illustrated in FIG. 8, to have, between the base 5 of the plate 1 and the base 92 , a clearance 30 allowing the elements of the successive rows to be placed in exact superposition as illustrated in FIG. 8 , while respecting the requirement of non-point or total contact between the construction elements of two superimposed rows.
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to erect a structure II , the facade of which consists of plates 1 having no relative offset between them between them.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
EP90420509A 1989-11-24 1990-11-26 Stützwand und Verfahren zum Aufbauen einer Stützwand Expired - Lifetime EP0429379B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8915755A FR2655074B1 (fr) 1989-11-24 1989-11-24 Element de construction pour la constitution d'un ouvrage de soutenement, procede pour sa mise en óoeuvre et ouvrage de soutenement obtenu.
FR8915755 1989-11-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0429379A1 true EP0429379A1 (de) 1991-05-29
EP0429379B1 EP0429379B1 (de) 1996-02-28

Family

ID=9387945

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90420509A Expired - Lifetime EP0429379B1 (de) 1989-11-24 1990-11-26 Stützwand und Verfahren zum Aufbauen einer Stützwand

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0429379B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE134732T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69025552D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2655074B1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29720479U1 (de) * 1997-11-19 1999-03-25 Bodensohn Karl Heinz Stapelbare Fertigbauteile
US7090439B1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-15 The Neel Company Retaining wall construction element for railway installations
EP2426263A1 (de) * 2010-09-02 2012-03-07 Christian Gartner Trockenmauerelement für Schallschutzwände oder Hangabsicherungen
US20190203441A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2019-07-04 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building elements for making retaining walls, and systems and methods of using same
WO2019223820A1 (de) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 Ehl Ag Stützmauer

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE841464C (de) * 1949-09-07 1952-06-16 Jaroslav Pokorny Baukoerper zum Abstuetzen von Schuettmaterial
US3282054A (en) * 1964-04-01 1966-11-01 Saginor Irving Block structure for retaining walls
US4050254A (en) * 1975-08-13 1977-09-27 International Engineering Company, Inc. Modular structures, retaining wall system, and method of construction
FR2406700A1 (fr) * 1977-10-21 1979-05-18 Sabla Sa Element de construction prefabrique pour l'erection de murs, notamment de soutenement
DE3103849A1 (de) * 1981-02-05 1982-09-09 Ed. Züblin AG, 7000 Stuttgart Sicherungsbauwerk fuer begruenbare steilboeschungen und -waelle
DE3313990A1 (de) * 1983-04-18 1984-10-25 Manfred 4300 Essen Bruer Boeschungsstein
WO1984004768A1 (en) * 1983-05-23 1984-12-06 Stresswall Int Prestressed component retaining wall system
US4684294A (en) * 1986-01-15 1987-08-04 Neill Raymond J O Retaining wall construction element
FR2613396A1 (fr) * 1987-02-20 1988-10-07 Sarniguet Didier Anneaux stabilisateurs de terrains

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2233857A5 (en) * 1973-06-14 1975-01-10 Maymont Paul Temporary retaining or stabilising wall - has front panels anchored by a chain link mesh embedded in the soil

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE841464C (de) * 1949-09-07 1952-06-16 Jaroslav Pokorny Baukoerper zum Abstuetzen von Schuettmaterial
US3282054A (en) * 1964-04-01 1966-11-01 Saginor Irving Block structure for retaining walls
US4050254A (en) * 1975-08-13 1977-09-27 International Engineering Company, Inc. Modular structures, retaining wall system, and method of construction
FR2406700A1 (fr) * 1977-10-21 1979-05-18 Sabla Sa Element de construction prefabrique pour l'erection de murs, notamment de soutenement
DE3103849A1 (de) * 1981-02-05 1982-09-09 Ed. Züblin AG, 7000 Stuttgart Sicherungsbauwerk fuer begruenbare steilboeschungen und -waelle
DE3313990A1 (de) * 1983-04-18 1984-10-25 Manfred 4300 Essen Bruer Boeschungsstein
WO1984004768A1 (en) * 1983-05-23 1984-12-06 Stresswall Int Prestressed component retaining wall system
US4684294A (en) * 1986-01-15 1987-08-04 Neill Raymond J O Retaining wall construction element
FR2613396A1 (fr) * 1987-02-20 1988-10-07 Sarniguet Didier Anneaux stabilisateurs de terrains

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29720479U1 (de) * 1997-11-19 1999-03-25 Bodensohn Karl Heinz Stapelbare Fertigbauteile
US7090439B1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-15 The Neel Company Retaining wall construction element for railway installations
EP2426263A1 (de) * 2010-09-02 2012-03-07 Christian Gartner Trockenmauerelement für Schallschutzwände oder Hangabsicherungen
DE102010036185A1 (de) * 2010-09-02 2012-03-08 Christian Gartner Trockenmauerelement für Schallschutzwände oder Hangabsicherungen
US20190203441A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2019-07-04 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building elements for making retaining walls, and systems and methods of using same
US11149402B2 (en) * 2016-03-02 2021-10-19 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building elements for making retaining walls, and systems and methods of using same
US20220081868A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2022-03-17 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building Elements For Making Retaining Walls, And Systems And Methods Of Using Same
US11661719B2 (en) * 2016-03-02 2023-05-30 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building elements for making retaining walls, and systems and methods of using same
WO2019223820A1 (de) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 Ehl Ag Stützmauer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0429379B1 (de) 1996-02-28
ATE134732T1 (de) 1996-03-15
FR2655074B1 (fr) 1994-05-13
DE69025552D1 (de) 1996-04-04
FR2655074A1 (fr) 1991-05-31

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