EP0418191A1 - Verfahren zum Leimen von calciumcarbonathaltigen Papieren mit Harzleim-Dispersionen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Leimen von calciumcarbonathaltigen Papieren mit Harzleim-Dispersionen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0418191A1 EP0418191A1 EP90810069A EP90810069A EP0418191A1 EP 0418191 A1 EP0418191 A1 EP 0418191A1 EP 90810069 A EP90810069 A EP 90810069A EP 90810069 A EP90810069 A EP 90810069A EP 0418191 A1 EP0418191 A1 EP 0418191A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- liter
- solution
- hydroxide
- aqueous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 dinethylamine Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/675—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
Definitions
- tall resin or rosin dispersions have a solids content of 30 to 40% by weight, a pH of 6 to 8 and a free resin content of 75 to 97% by weight.
- the patent owner sells a particularly suitable resin glue dispersion under the RESOPLAN® brand. It is a tall resin dispersion which is reinforced with 7 to 8% by weight of fumaric acid, contains casein as a protective colloid and has a pH of 6, a solids content of 30% by weight and an average particle diameter of 0.5 up to 1 ⁇ m.
- the diluted solutions of aluminum sulfate and sodium aluminate thus produced are mixed homogeneously in a T-mixer.
- the flow rate of the aluminum sulfate solution in the mixer is 2.7 m / s, that of the sodium aluninate solution 4.2 m / s.
- the homogeneous aluminum hydroxide thus formed has a pH of 6.9.
- the Reynolds number of the colloidal solution of the homogeneous aluminum hydroxide is 25,000. This solution is added to the thin material immediately after it is formed 0.5 m in front of the pressure sorter.
- 370 g of deinked, but not yet acidified waste paper with a consistency of 5.4% are diluted with tap water to a consistency of 1%, mixed with 1.5% by weight aluminum sulfate and stored in a storage vessel 1 with stirring.
- the fiber suspension is pumped from the storage vessel 1 into a storage vessel 2 with a delivery rate of 2.0 liters / minute.
- mixture A RESOPLAN® and RESIAFIX® are diluted with water to a solids content of 50 g / liter and 1.5 g / liter, respectively, and equal volumes of the products thus diluted are mixed in a static mixer. Mixture A is added to the fiber suspension in an amount of 40 ml / minute.
- mixture B 150 parts by volume of an aqueous solution which contains 1.456 g / liter of commercially available aluminum sulfate with an aluminum content of 17% by weight, calculated as aluminum oxide, with 50 parts by volume of an aqueous solution which , Contains 26 g / liter of liquid sodium aluminate with an aluminum content of 25% by weight, calculated as aluminum oxide, mixed intensively in a T-mixer and immediately after mixing in a quantity of 200 ml / minute of the fiber suspension.
- Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 2, except that the mixture B consists of 150 parts by volume of the same aluminum sulfate solution as used in Example 2 and 50 parts by volume of an aqueous solution containing 8.093 g / liter of sodium silicate contains a molar ratio NaO: SiO2 of 1: 3.3 and a density of 1.35.
- Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 2, except that the mixture B consists of 150 parts by volume of an aqueous solution, the 1.456 g / liter of the same aluminum sulfate as used in Example 2 and 1.3 g / liter of RESIAFIX ® contains, and 50 parts by volume of the same sodium aluminate solution as used in Example 2 is prepared.
- the sheets produced have a basis weight of 80 g / m2. Examination of the finished sheets showed a Cobb 15 value of 54 g / m2. An anionic charge of 6.1 ⁇ eq / liter of polyvinyl potassium sulfate, a hardness of 13.5 ° dH and a pH of 7.4 were measured in the filtrate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI901479A FI901479A7 (fi) | 1989-09-12 | 1990-03-23 | Menetelmä kalsiumkarbonaattipitoisten paperien liimaamiseksi hartsiliimadispersioilla |
| NO90901384A NO901384L (no) | 1989-09-12 | 1990-03-26 | Fremgangsmaate for liming av kalsiumkarbonatholdige papir med harpikslim-dispersjon. |
| PT93655A PT93655A (pt) | 1989-09-12 | 1990-04-04 | Processo para a colagem de papel contendo carbonato de calcio com dispersoes de resinas adesivas |
| CA 2016262 CA2016262A1 (en) | 1989-09-12 | 1990-05-08 | Process for sizing calcium carbonate-containing papers with resin size dispersions |
| JP2128071A JPH03104998A (ja) | 1989-09-12 | 1990-05-16 | サイジング方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH330989A CH676258A5 (enExample) | 1989-09-12 | 1989-09-12 | |
| CH3309/89 | 1989-09-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0418191A1 true EP0418191A1 (de) | 1991-03-20 |
Family
ID=4253203
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90810069A Withdrawn EP0418191A1 (de) | 1989-09-12 | 1990-01-30 | Verfahren zum Leimen von calciumcarbonathaltigen Papieren mit Harzleim-Dispersionen |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0418191A1 (enExample) |
| CH (1) | CH676258A5 (enExample) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999053139A1 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 1999-10-21 | Kemira Kemi Ab | A sizing composition and a method of sizing |
| WO2015062730A1 (de) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-05-07 | Schaefer Kalk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Artikel mit niedrigerer entflammbarkeit |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2087960A5 (en) * | 1970-03-31 | 1971-12-31 | Welwyn Hall Res Assoc | Particulate paper filler |
| FR2233441A1 (enExample) * | 1973-06-18 | 1975-01-10 | Ass Portland Cement |
-
1989
- 1989-09-12 CH CH330989A patent/CH676258A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-01-30 EP EP90810069A patent/EP0418191A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2087960A5 (en) * | 1970-03-31 | 1971-12-31 | Welwyn Hall Res Assoc | Particulate paper filler |
| FR2233441A1 (enExample) * | 1973-06-18 | 1975-01-10 | Ass Portland Cement |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999053139A1 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 1999-10-21 | Kemira Kemi Ab | A sizing composition and a method of sizing |
| US6436181B1 (en) | 1998-04-14 | 2002-08-20 | Kemira Kemi Ab | Sizing composition and a method of sizing |
| WO2015062730A1 (de) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-05-07 | Schaefer Kalk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Artikel mit niedrigerer entflammbarkeit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH676258A5 (enExample) | 1990-12-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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