EP0415435A2 - Apparatus for making simulated stone concrete blocks - Google Patents

Apparatus for making simulated stone concrete blocks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0415435A2
EP0415435A2 EP90116719A EP90116719A EP0415435A2 EP 0415435 A2 EP0415435 A2 EP 0415435A2 EP 90116719 A EP90116719 A EP 90116719A EP 90116719 A EP90116719 A EP 90116719A EP 0415435 A2 EP0415435 A2 EP 0415435A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
casting
molds
grid
casting molds
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Granted
Application number
EP90116719A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0415435B1 (en
EP0415435A3 (en
Inventor
Michael D. Wolf
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Individual
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Priority to AT90116719T priority Critical patent/ATE103234T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/34—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
    • B28B7/348—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials of plastic material or rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/04—Discharging the shaped articles
    • B28B13/06—Removing the shaped articles from moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B15/00—General arrangement or layout of plant ; Industrial outlines or plant installations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/26—Assemblies of separate moulds, i.e. of moulds or moulding space units, each forming a complete mould or moulding space unit independently from each other

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing natural stones by pouring cement materials into essentially pot-shaped casting molds consisting of elastic material, the mold side walls of which are held by a removable mold holding frame which surrounds the mold side walls.
  • Casting molds of this type for the production of natural stones are known (DE-OS 37 40 682).
  • the slits which enable the cast stone to be molded out of the elastic casting mold, run in two opposite side walls.
  • the known molds must be filled individually; the stones are also shaped separately after hardening for each individual casting mold, it being necessary to bend the two halves of the casting mold, which each grip around the stone in a clamp-like manner, by hand or by means of tools suitable for this purpose.
  • the production speed that can be achieved in this way is relatively low; extensive mechanization or automation of the manufacturing process is not possible.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset, which makes it possible to produce natural stones in large quantities in largely mechanized work processes.
  • This object is achieved in that a plurality of casting molds are fastened in a grid-like manner, each at a distance from one another on a base plate which can be raised and pivoted about a horizontal axis, and in that the mold holding frame of all the casting molds is combined to form a frame grid which is flush with the upper edges of the casting molds is deductible and can be raised from this.
  • All of the casting molds fastened on a common base plate can be filled in a single work step, the measures required for the filling process, such as shaking and smoothing the filled casting molds, being carried out jointly for all casting molds.
  • the molding takes place in a very simple manner in terms of production technology in that the base plate with the casting molds attached to it is raised and turned. All casting molds release the shaped stones under the action of mechanical work processes - for example shaking - or the action of centrifugal forces.
  • the production of natural stones can be carried out both on element ceiling production plants and on stone production plants, with only minor design and manufacturing changes being required compared to the conventional designs and equipment of these plants. That way it is It is possible to better utilize existing element ceiling manufacturing plants and stone manufacturing plants, which could previously only be used for a narrow product area, by also covering another product area, namely the production of natural stones from concrete, for example as paving stones, curbs, curbs or the like can.
  • the frame grid completely bridges the distances between the casting molds. This makes it possible to fill all the casting molds which are mounted on a common base plate or on a plurality of successive base plates by means of a common filling device without excess material getting between the casting molds.
  • the shape holding frame can also be chosen so large that several swiveling base plates can be combined into one unit and filled at the same time.
  • slots extending to the mold bottom are provided in diagonal planes of the casting molds and run through the one or more corners of the casting mold connecting the two side walls in each case. This arrangement of the slots ensures that the molds open particularly easily after the base plate has been turned over to expose the shaped stone.
  • the casting molds 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 consist of elastic polyurethane foam and were created by molding natural stones in specially developed tools, for example basalt Paving stones or any other natural stone.
  • the essentially pot-shaped casting molds 1 each have a mold base 2 with integrally connected mold side walls 3.
  • the mold side walls extend to an upper opening 4, through which the mold 1 can be filled with the casting material. It is primarily a casting material based on cement materials.
  • the mold 1 normally has no slots (Fig. 2a), although the mold cavity has undercuts due to the irregular shape of its walls. If a mold cavity has above-average undercuts, the casting mold 1 can have one or two slots 5 running in the diagonal planes to the mold bottom (FIGS. 2b and 2c). The slots 5 make it possible to mold the mold cavity 6 of each hardened stone formed in the casting mold 1.
  • each casting mold metal plates 7, for example two strip-shaped metal plates 7, are inserted, which have threaded bores 8, into each of which a countersunk screw 9 is screwed.
  • a countersunk screw 9 is screwed.
  • the base plate 10 has a horizontal pivot pin 11 on each of two opposite sides (FIG. 1), which can be accommodated in a rotary hanger 12 (only partially indicated in FIG. 1) pivotable about a horizontal axis.
  • the rotary hanger 12 receives the pivot pin 11 in a rotary joint 13, which is preferably designed as a ball joint.
  • the base plate 10 can also do without the pivot pin 11 installed on two opposite sides. It can be picked up, lifted off and emptied overhead using a pick-up device of a specially designed and built emptying machine (FIG. 9).
  • a frame grid 14 can be lowered mechanically onto the grid of casting molds 1 in such a way that all the grid bars of the frame grid 14 for all casting molds 1, which are arranged on one or more successive common base plates 10, each form a mold holding frame, which holds each individual casting mold 1 in the in 1 and 2, closed position shown.
  • the bars of the frame grid 14 are so wide that they completely bridge the distance 15 between adjacent molds 1.
  • the upper outer edges 16 of all casting molds 1 are rounded (as shown in FIG. 1) or beveled.
  • the frame grille 14 can be lowered so far between the molds 1 that it runs flush with the upper edges 17 of the molds 1 on the upper side.
  • the frame grid 14 holds the molds 1 in the closed position shown, in which the molds 1 are filled.
  • the frame grid 14 can be lifted off.
  • the base plate 10 is pivoted through 180 °.
  • a machine device specially developed for this purpose can be integrated into each system circuit in such a way that it receives the form fields 21 - coming from the vertical ladder of each system circuit - individually or in groups from the belt and places them freely on a funnel 35a overhead (FIG. 9) .
  • a metal plate 35b - with a vibration motor 35c mounted vertically to the axis - is now placed freely on the rotated mold field 21.
  • the vibration motor 35c rotates the entire mold field 21 with the casting molds 1 fastened thereon.
  • the centrifugal forces generated in this way cause the friction between the natural stone made of concrete, the side walls and the bottom of the casting mold 1 to be canceled and the natural stone is released from the casting mold 1 due to its inertia and falls down. It falls onto a conveyor device integrated in the machine and is then transported differently - via conveyor system to the warehouse or directly into a transport container.
  • the work of the vibration motor 35c can be clocked. This creates an additional positive shaking effect.
  • the form field 21 or the form fields 21 which have been emptied in this way are now placed on the belt again overhead and are thus made available to the system circuit for refilling.
  • the material used for the production of the natural stones passes via a lifting device 18 and from a cement silo 19 into a mixing station 20, in which the concrete used as casting material is mixed.
  • a mixing station 20 in which the concrete used as casting material is mixed.
  • Each unit consisting of a base plate 10 and casting molds 1 fastened thereon, forms a mold field 21.
  • Several such mold fields 21, prepared and sprayed with release agent, are stacked at the beginning of the system (on the right in FIG. 5).
  • the bottom mold field 21 is pulled off the stack and transported to a casting station 22.
  • the form field 21 rests there on a vibrator 22a.
  • a mold box 24 guided on vertical guide rods 23 with an integrated frame grid 14 slips over the mold field 21 located in the casting station 22 and only leaves the molds 1 to be filled free, as can also be seen in detail from FIG. 6. This process can also be accomplished with several successive form fields 21.
  • a feeder 26 arranged under a concrete hopper 25 with an integrated cellular wheel sluice 25a under the mixing station 20 runs on two guide rails 27 arranged on the molding box 24 with an integrated frame grid 14 over the mold field or molds 21 and fills the casting molds 1 of this mold field 21, the vibrator being actuated at the same time .
  • the process of filling and shaking is repeated until the molds 1 are completely filled with concrete.
  • the feeder 26 moves back into its starting position.
  • the molding box 24 with integrated frame grid 14 is raised hydraulically and releases the molding field (s) 21.
  • the molding field 21 then runs to the next station via a conveyor 28, for example a cable conveyor.
  • a conveyor 28 for example a cable conveyor.
  • the surface of the molding field 21 is cleaned of concrete residues by means of a driven cleaning brush 29.
  • the form fields 21 arrive in a lifting ladder 32, in which they are raised in pairs one after the other.
  • a stack of form fields 21 is removed from the lifting ladder 32 by means of a movable lifting platform 33 and brought into a drying station 34 (FIG. 4).
  • the shaped fields 21 are removed from this and fed to a shaping station 35.
  • the form fields 21 are emptied individually or in groups at the same time.
  • the base plates 10 are picked up, raised, rotated through 180 ° and emptied in the ways already described.
  • the base plate 10 is then rotated again by 180 ° into its starting position and fed back to the stack at the beginning of the system.
  • the mold fields with the molds attached to them are sprayed with release agent in a spraying system.
  • the stones formed in the emptying station 35 are removed by a transport device 37.
  • FIG. 4a shows the plane II indicated in FIG. 4 in a side view
  • Fig. 4b shows the plane III shown in Fig. 4 in side view.
  • the casting molds can also be used on a conventional element ceiling production system, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the system has so-called element cover sheets 38. These are essentially flat tables, which are covered in the workflow described here with the previously described form fields 21 and a frame grid.
  • a carriage 39 which contains the freshly prepared concrete, travels over the form fields 21 lying on the element cover sheet 38.
  • the carriage 39 contains a drivable screw conveyor 40, which conveys the concrete, for example, through a hose 41 from a (not shown) concrete mixing plant, continuously via the casting molds 1 of the mold field 21 and fills them.
  • the concreting car 39 is - as indicated in FIG. 8 - carried by a crane or another lifting device and can be transported to the individual element cover sheets 38. After the casting molds have been filled, the frame grid 14 is removed in each case, and the mold fields 21 are brought onto a transport carriage 41, on which they are stored until the concrete has hardened.
  • the individual shaped fields 21 on the transport carriage 41 each become one or more of the rotating hangers shown in FIG. 1 12 raised and rotated by 180 ° and emptied via an emptying station onto a conveyor belt or into a transport container (as described above).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

For making simulated stone blocks, casting moulds (1) are used which consist of polyurethane and are fastened on a common baseplate (10) in a grid-like arrangement with a spacing (15) from one another. A frame grid (14) holds the casting moulds (1) during filling. For removal from the mould, the frame grid (14) is lifted off and the baseplate (10) bearing the casting moulds (1) is turned in lateral swivel joints (13) or upside down through 180 DEG , so that the simulated blocks produced drop out of the flexibly opening casting moulds (1). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Natursteinen durch Gießen von Zementwerkstoffen in im wesentlichen topfförmige, aus elastischem Werkstoff bestehende Gießformen, deren Formseitenwände durch einen die Formseitenwände umgreifenden abnehmbaren Formhalterahmen gehalten sind.The invention relates to a device for producing natural stones by pouring cement materials into essentially pot-shaped casting molds consisting of elastic material, the mold side walls of which are held by a removable mold holding frame which surrounds the mold side walls.

Gießformen dieser Art zum Herstellen von Natursteinen sind bekannt (DE-OS 37 40 682). Die Schlitze, die ein Ausformen des gegossenen Steins aus der elastischen Gießform ermöglichen, verlaufen bei dieser bekannten Gießform in zwei gegenüberliegenden Seitenwänden. Die bekannten Gießformen müssen jeweils einzeln gefüllt werden; auch das Ausformen der Steine nach dem Aushärten erfolgt jeweils für jede einzelne Gießform gesondert, wobei es erforderlich ist, die beiden Hälften der Gießform, die den Stein jeweils klammerartig umgreifen, von Hand oder mittels hierzu geeigneten Werkzeugen auseinanderzubiegen. Die auf diese Weise erzielbare Fertigungsgeschwindigkeit ist verhaltnismäßig gering; eine weitgehende Mechanisierung oder Automatisierung des Fertigungsvorgangs ist nicht möglich.Casting molds of this type for the production of natural stones are known (DE-OS 37 40 682). In this known casting mold, the slits, which enable the cast stone to be molded out of the elastic casting mold, run in two opposite side walls. The known molds must be filled individually; the stones are also shaped separately after hardening for each individual casting mold, it being necessary to bend the two halves of the casting mold, which each grip around the stone in a clamp-like manner, by hand or by means of tools suitable for this purpose. The production speed that can be achieved in this way is relatively low; extensive mechanization or automation of the manufacturing process is not possible.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Gattung zu schaffen, die es ermöglicht, Natursteine in großen Stückzahlen in weitgehend mechanisierten Arbeitsabläufen herzustellen.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset, which makes it possible to produce natural stones in large quantities in largely mechanized work processes.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß mehrere Gießformen rasterartig jeweils mit Abstand zueinander auf einer anhebbaren und um eine horizontale Achse schwenkbaren Grundplatte jeweils mit ihrem Formboden befestigt sind und daß der Formhalterahmen aller Gießformen zu einem Rahmengitter zusammengefaßt ist, das mit den Oberkanten der Gießformen bündig absetzbar und hiervon anhebbar ist.This object is achieved in that a plurality of casting molds are fastened in a grid-like manner, each at a distance from one another on a base plate which can be raised and pivoted about a horizontal axis, and in that the mold holding frame of all the casting molds is combined to form a frame grid which is flush with the upper edges of the casting molds is deductible and can be raised from this.

Alle auf einer gemeinsamen Grundplatte befestigten Gießformen können in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang gefüllt werden, wobei auch die für den Füllvorgang erforderlichen Maßnahmen, wie Rütteln und Glattstreichen der gefüllten Gießformen für alle Gießformen gemeinsam durchgeführt wird. Das Ausformen geschieht in fertigungstechnisch sehr einfacher Weise dadurch, daß die Grundplatte mit den daran befestigten Gießformen angehoben und gewendet wird. Dabei geben alle Gießformen die geformten Steine unter Einwirkung von mechanischen Arbeitsvorgängen - beispiels­weise Rütteln - oder Einwirkung von Fliehkräften - frei.All of the casting molds fastened on a common base plate can be filled in a single work step, the measures required for the filling process, such as shaking and smoothing the filled casting molds, being carried out jointly for all casting molds. The molding takes place in a very simple manner in terms of production technology in that the base plate with the casting molds attached to it is raised and turned. All casting molds release the shaped stones under the action of mechanical work processes - for example shaking - or the action of centrifugal forces.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann die Fertigung von Natursteinen sowohl auf Elementdecken-­Fertigungsanlagen als auch auf Steinfertigungsanlagen durchgeführt werden, wobei gegenüber den herkömmlichen Ausführungen und Ausrüstungen dieser Anlagen nur geringfügige konstruktive und fertigungstechnische Änderungen erforderlich sind. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, bestehende Elementdecken-Fertigungsanlagen und Steinfertigungsanlagen, die bisher jeweils nur für einen engen Produktbereich eingesetzt werden konnten, besser auszulasten, indem auch ein weiterer Produktbereich, nämlich die Herstellung von Natursteinen aus Beton, beispielsweise als Pflastersteine, Bordsteine, Randsteine oder ähnliches, erfaßt werden kann.With the device according to the invention, the production of natural stones can be carried out both on element ceiling production plants and on stone production plants, with only minor design and manufacturing changes being required compared to the conventional designs and equipment of these plants. That way it is It is possible to better utilize existing element ceiling manufacturing plants and stone manufacturing plants, which could previously only be used for a narrow product area, by also covering another product area, namely the production of natural stones from concrete, for example as paving stones, curbs, curbs or the like can.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Erfindungsgedankens überbruckt das Rahmengitter die Abstände zwischen den Gießformen vollständig. Dadurch ist es möglich, alle Gießformen, die auf einer gemeinsamen Grundplatte oder auf mehreren hintereinander folgenden Grundplatten angebracht sind, durch eine gemeinsame Befülleinrichtung zu füllen, ohne daß dabei überschüssiges Material zwischen die Gießformen gelangt. Der Formhalterahmen kann auch so groß gewählt werden, daß mehrere schwenkbare Grundplatten zu einer Einheit zusammengefaßt und gleichzeitig befüllt werden können.According to an advantageous embodiment of the inventive concept, the frame grid completely bridges the distances between the casting molds. This makes it possible to fill all the casting molds which are mounted on a common base plate or on a plurality of successive base plates by means of a common filling device without excess material getting between the casting molds. The shape holding frame can also be chosen so large that several swiveling base plates can be combined into one unit and filled at the same time.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn bis zum Formboden verlaufende Schlitze in Diagonalebenen der Gießformen vorgesehen sind und durch die jeweils zwei Seitenwände verbindenden eine oder mehrere Ecken der Gießform verlaufen. Bei dieser Anordnung der Schlitze ist sichergestellt, daß sich die Gießformen nach dem Wenden der Grundplatte besonders leicht öffnen, um den geformten Stein freizugeben. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Erfindungsgedankens sind Gegenstand weiterer Unteransprüche.It is particularly advantageous if slots extending to the mold bottom are provided in diagonal planes of the casting molds and run through the one or more corners of the casting mold connecting the two side walls in each case. This arrangement of the slots ensures that the molds open particularly easily after the base plate has been turned over to expose the shaped stone. Further advantageous embodiments of the inventive concept are the subject of further dependent claims.

Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert, die in der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 in einem Teil-Längsschnitt auf einer gemeinsamen Grundplatte befestigte Gießformen,
  • Fig. 2a-c Draufsichten auf Gießformen nach Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine Unteransicht einer der Gießformen nach Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 4 einen vereinfachten Grundriß einer Steinfertigungsanlage, in der die Gießformen nach den Fig. 1 bis 3 zur Herstellung von Natursteinen eingesetzt werden,
  • Fig. 4a und b Seitenansichten hiervon,
  • Fig. 5 eine vereinfachte Ansicht der Anlage nach Fig. 4 in Richtung des Pfeiles V,
  • Fig. 6 einen vergrößerten senkrechten Teilschnitt im Bereich der Gießstation der Anlage nach den Fig. 4 und 5,
  • Fig. 7 einen stark vereinfachten Grundriß einer Elementdecken-Fertigungsstraße, die zum Herstellen von Natursteinen umgerüstet wurde,
  • Fig. 8 einen vergrößerten Schnitt längs der Linie VIII-­VIII in Fig. 7 und
  • Fig. 9 Einzelheiten einer Entleerstation.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated below, which are shown in the drawing. It shows:
  • 1 in a partial longitudinal section, casting molds fastened on a common base plate,
  • 2a-c top views of casting molds according to Fig. 1,
  • 3 is a bottom view of one of the molds of FIG. 1,
  • 4 shows a simplified floor plan of a stone production plant in which the casting molds according to FIGS. 1 to 3 are used for the production of natural stones,
  • 4a and b side views thereof,
  • 5 is a simplified view of the system of FIG. 4 in the direction of arrow V,
  • 6 shows an enlarged vertical partial section in the region of the casting station of the plant according to FIGS. 4 and 5,
  • 7 shows a greatly simplified plan of an element ceiling production line which has been converted for the production of natural stones,
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged section along the line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7 and
  • Fig. 9 details of an emptying station.

Die in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellten Gießformen 1 bestehen aus elastischem Polyurethanschaum und sind durch Abformen von Natursteinen in eigens dafür entwickelnten Werkzeugen entstanden, beispielsweise Basalt-­ Pflastersteinen oder beliebigen anderen Natursteinen. Die im wesentlichen topfförmigen Gießformen 1 weisen jeweils einen Formboden 2 mit einstückig daran anschließenden Formseitenwänden 3 auf. Die Formseitenwände erstrecken sich bis zu einer oberen Öffnung 4, durch die die Gießform 1 mit dem Gießmaterial gefüllt werden kann. Es handelt sich dabei in erster Linie um Gießmaterial auf der Grundlage von Zementwerkstoffen.The casting molds 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 consist of elastic polyurethane foam and were created by molding natural stones in specially developed tools, for example basalt Paving stones or any other natural stone. The essentially pot-shaped casting molds 1 each have a mold base 2 with integrally connected mold side walls 3. The mold side walls extend to an upper opening 4, through which the mold 1 can be filled with the casting material. It is primarily a casting material based on cement materials.

Die Gießform 1 besitzt normalerweise keine Schlitze (Fig. 2a), obwohl der Formhohlraum in Folge der unregelmäßigen Gestalt seiner Wände Hinterschneidungen aufweist. Weist ein Formhohlraum überdurchschnittliche Hinterschneidungen auf, so kann die Gießform 1 einen oder zwei in den Diagonalebenen zum Formboden verlaufende Schlitze 5 aufweisen (Fig. 2b und 2c). Die Schlitze 5 ermöglichen es, den Formhohlraum 6 jeder Gießform 1 gebildeten, ausgehärteten Stein auszuformen.The mold 1 normally has no slots (Fig. 2a), although the mold cavity has undercuts due to the irregular shape of its walls. If a mold cavity has above-average undercuts, the casting mold 1 can have one or two slots 5 running in the diagonal planes to the mold bottom (FIGS. 2b and 2c). The slots 5 make it possible to mold the mold cavity 6 of each hardened stone formed in the casting mold 1.

Im Formboden 2 jeder Gießform 1 sind Metallplatten 7, beispielsweise zwei streifenförmige Metallplatten 7 eingelegt, die Gewindebohrungen 8 aufweisen, in die jeweils eine Senkschraube 9 eingeschraubt ist. Mittels dieser Senkschrauben 9 sind die Gießformen 1 in rasterartiger Anordnung mit gegenseitigem Abstand auf einer gemeinsamen Grundplatte 10 befestigt.In the mold base 2 of each casting mold 1, metal plates 7, for example two strip-shaped metal plates 7, are inserted, which have threaded bores 8, into each of which a countersunk screw 9 is screwed. By means of these countersunk screws 9, the molds 1 are fastened in a grid-like arrangement with a mutual spacing on a common base plate 10.

Die Grundplatte 10 weist an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten jeweils einen horizontalen Schwenkzapfen 11 auf (Fig. 1), der jeweils in einem (in Fig. 1 nur teilweise angedeuteten) Drehgehänge 12 um eine horizontale Achse schwenkbar aufgenommen werden kann. Das Drehgehänge 12 nimmt den Schwenkzapfen 11 in einem Drehgelenk 13 auf, das vorzugsweise als Kugelgelenk ausgebildet ist.The base plate 10 has a horizontal pivot pin 11 on each of two opposite sides (FIG. 1), which can be accommodated in a rotary hanger 12 (only partially indicated in FIG. 1) pivotable about a horizontal axis. The rotary hanger 12 receives the pivot pin 11 in a rotary joint 13, which is preferably designed as a ball joint.

Die Grundplatte 10 kann auch ohne den an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten eingebauten Schwenkzapfen 11 auskommen. Sie kann durch eine Aufnahmevorrichtung einer speziell hierfür konstruierten und gebauten Entleermaschine aufgenommen, abgehoben und über Kopf entleert werden (Fig. 9).The base plate 10 can also do without the pivot pin 11 installed on two opposite sides. It can be picked up, lifted off and emptied overhead using a pick-up device of a specially designed and built emptying machine (FIG. 9).

Ein Rahmengitter 14 ist maschinell so auf das Raster von Gießformen 1 absenkbar, daß alle Gitterstäbe des Rahmengitters 14 für alle Gießformen 1, die auf einer oder mehreren hintereinanderfolgenden gemeinsamen Grundplatten 10 angeordnet sind, jeweils einen Formhalterahmen bilden, der jede einzelne Gießform 1 in der in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten, geschlossenen Stellung halt. Die Gitterstäbe des Rahmengitters 14 sind so breit, daß sie den Abstand 15 zwischen benachbarten Gießformen 1 vollständig überbrücken.A frame grid 14 can be lowered mechanically onto the grid of casting molds 1 in such a way that all the grid bars of the frame grid 14 for all casting molds 1, which are arranged on one or more successive common base plates 10, each form a mold holding frame, which holds each individual casting mold 1 in the in 1 and 2, closed position shown. The bars of the frame grid 14 are so wide that they completely bridge the distance 15 between adjacent molds 1.

Um das Einsetzen des Rahmengitters 14 zu erleichtern, sind die oberen Außenkanten 16 aller Gießformen 1 abgerundet (wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt) oder abgeschrägt. Das Rahmengitter 14 kann so weit zwischen die Gießformen 1 abgesenkt werden, daß es an der Oberseite bündig mit den Oberkanten 17 der Gießformen 1 verläuft. Das Rahmengitter 14 hält die Gießformen 1 in der gezeigten geschlossenen Stellung, in der die Gießformen 1 gefüllt werden. Nachdem das Gießmaterial eingebracht ist, kann das Rahmengitter 14 abgehoben werden. Nach dem vollständigen Aushärten des Gießmaterials wird die Grundplatte 10 um 180° geschwenkt.In order to facilitate the insertion of the frame grid 14, the upper outer edges 16 of all casting molds 1 are rounded (as shown in FIG. 1) or beveled. The frame grille 14 can be lowered so far between the molds 1 that it runs flush with the upper edges 17 of the molds 1 on the upper side. The frame grid 14 holds the molds 1 in the closed position shown, in which the molds 1 are filled. After the casting material has been introduced, the frame grid 14 can be lifted off. After the casting material has completely hardened, the base plate 10 is pivoted through 180 °.

Da jetzt der die Gießformen jeweils zusammenhaltende Formhalterahmen fehlt, kann der im Formhohlraum ausgehärtete Stein freigegeben werden. Dies geschicht einmal durch mechanische Einwirkung, indem man die Formfelder 21 auf eine Maschine mit Rütteleinrichtung legt oder die Formfelder in einer Maschine eine bestimmte Wegstrecke im freien Fall zurücklegen läßt.Now that the mold holding frame that holds the casting molds together is missing, the stone hardened in the mold cavity can be released. This story once by mechanical action, by placing the shape fields 21 on a machine with a vibrating device or by having the shape fields cover a certain distance in free fall in a machine.

Zum anderen kann eine eigens dafür entwickelte Maschineneinrichtung in jeden Anlagenkreislauf so integriert werden, daß sie die Formfelder 21 - aus der Senkleiter eines jeden Anlagenkreislaufes kommend - einzeln oder zu mehreren vom Band aufnimmt und über Kopf auf einen Trichter 35a frei ablegt (Fig. 9). Eine Metallplatte 35b - mit einem vertikal zur Achse montierten Vibrationsmotor 35c - wird nun so auf das gedrehte Formfeld 21 frei aufgelegt. Der Vibrationsmotor 35c bringt das gesamte Formfeld 21 mit den darauf befestigten Gießformen 1 in Rotation. Die so erzeugten Fliehkräfte bewirken, daß die Reibungen zwischen dem Naturstein aus Beton, den Seitenwänden und dem Boden des Gießform 1 aufgehoben werden und der Naturstein aufgrund seiner Massenträgheit von der Gießform 1 freigegeben wird und nach unten herausfällt. Er fällt auf eine in der Maschine integrierte Fördereinrichtung und wird von da verschieden - über Förderanlage zum Lager oder direkt in einen Transportbehälter - weitertransportiert.On the other hand, a machine device specially developed for this purpose can be integrated into each system circuit in such a way that it receives the form fields 21 - coming from the vertical ladder of each system circuit - individually or in groups from the belt and places them freely on a funnel 35a overhead (FIG. 9) . A metal plate 35b - with a vibration motor 35c mounted vertically to the axis - is now placed freely on the rotated mold field 21. The vibration motor 35c rotates the entire mold field 21 with the casting molds 1 fastened thereon. The centrifugal forces generated in this way cause the friction between the natural stone made of concrete, the side walls and the bottom of the casting mold 1 to be canceled and the natural stone is released from the casting mold 1 due to its inertia and falls down. It falls onto a conveyor device integrated in the machine and is then transported differently - via conveyor system to the warehouse or directly into a transport container.

Um den Entleervorgang durch Fliehkrafteinwirkung zu beschleunigen, kann man die Arbeit des Vibrationsmotors 35c takten. Hierdurch entsteht ein zusätzlicher positiver Rütteleffekt. Das Formfeld 21 oder die so entleerten Formfelder 21 werden nun wieder über Kopf auf das Band gesetzt und werden so dem Anlagenkreislauf zum erneuten Befüllen zur Verfügung gestellt.In order to accelerate the emptying process by centrifugal force, the work of the vibration motor 35c can be clocked. This creates an additional positive shaking effect. The form field 21 or the form fields 21 which have been emptied in this way are now placed on the belt again overhead and are thus made available to the system circuit for refilling.

In den Fig. 4 - 6 ist eine herkömmliche Steinfertigungsanlage dargestellt, die zur Herstellung von Natursteinen unter Verwendung der beschriebenen Vorrichtung umgebaut wurde.4-6, a conventional stone manufacturing plant is shown, which was converted for the production of natural stones using the device described.

Von einem (nicht dargestellten) Rohstofflager gelangt das für die Herstellung der Natursteine verwendete Material über eine Hubeinrichtung 18 und aus einem Zementsilo 19 in eine Mischstation 20, in der der als Gießmaterial verwendete Beton gemischt wird. Jeweils eine aus einer Grundplatte 10 und darauf befestigten Gießformen 1 bestehende Einheit bildet ein Formfeld 21. Mehrere solcher vorbereiteten und mit Trennmittel eingesprühten Formfelder 21 sind am Anfang der Anlage (rechts in Fig. 5) gestapelt. Jeweils das unterste Formfeld 21 wird aus dem Stapel abgezogen und zu einer Gießstation 22 transportiert. Dort ruht das Formfeld 21 auf einem Rüttler 22a. Ein an senkrechten Führungsstangen 23 geführter Formkasten 24 mit integriertem Rahmengitter 14 stülpt sich über das jeweils in der Gießstation 22 befindliche Formfeld 21 und läßt nur die zu befüllenden Gießformen 1 frei, wie in Einzelheiten auch aus Fig. 6 zu erkennen ist. Dieser Vorgang kann auch mit mehreren hintereinanderfolgenden Formfeldern 21 bewerkstelligt werden.From a raw material store (not shown), the material used for the production of the natural stones passes via a lifting device 18 and from a cement silo 19 into a mixing station 20, in which the concrete used as casting material is mixed. Each unit, consisting of a base plate 10 and casting molds 1 fastened thereon, forms a mold field 21. Several such mold fields 21, prepared and sprayed with release agent, are stacked at the beginning of the system (on the right in FIG. 5). The bottom mold field 21 is pulled off the stack and transported to a casting station 22. The form field 21 rests there on a vibrator 22a. A mold box 24 guided on vertical guide rods 23 with an integrated frame grid 14 slips over the mold field 21 located in the casting station 22 and only leaves the molds 1 to be filled free, as can also be seen in detail from FIG. 6. This process can also be accomplished with several successive form fields 21.

Ein unter einem Betonfülltrichter 25 mit ingegrierter Zellradschleuse 25a unter der Mischstation 20 angeordneter Beschicker 26 läuft auf zwei am Formkasten 24 mit integriertem Rahmengitter 14 angeordneten Führungsschienen 27 über das oder die Formfelder 21 und befüllt die Gießformen 1 dieses Formfeldes 21, wobei gleichzeitig der Rüttler betätigt wird. Der Vorgang des Befüllens und des Rüttelns wird so oft wiederholt, bis die Gießformen 1 vollständig mit Beton gefüllt sind.A feeder 26 arranged under a concrete hopper 25 with an integrated cellular wheel sluice 25a under the mixing station 20 runs on two guide rails 27 arranged on the molding box 24 with an integrated frame grid 14 over the mold field or molds 21 and fills the casting molds 1 of this mold field 21, the vibrator being actuated at the same time . The process of filling and shaking is repeated until the molds 1 are completely filled with concrete.

Nach dem Füllvorgang fährt der Beschicker 26 in seine Ausgangsposition zurück. Der Formkasten 24 mit integriertem Rahmengitter 14 wird hydraulisch hochgefahren und gibt das oder die Formfelder 21 frei. Das Formfeld 21 lauft dann über eine Fördereinrichtung 28, beispielsweise eine Seilförderbahn, zur nächsten Station. Dabei wird mittels einer angetriebenen Reinigungsbürste 29 die Oberfläche des Formfeldes 21 von Betonresten gesaübert.After the filling process, the feeder 26 moves back into its starting position. The molding box 24 with integrated frame grid 14 is raised hydraulically and releases the molding field (s) 21. The molding field 21 then runs to the next station via a conveyor 28, for example a cable conveyor. In this case, the surface of the molding field 21 is cleaned of concrete residues by means of a driven cleaning brush 29.

Danach gelangen die Formfelder 21 in eine Hubleiter 32, in der sie jeweils paarweise nacheinander angehoben werden. Mittels einer verfahrbaren Hebebühne 33 wird ein Stapel von Formfeldern 21 aus der Hubleiter 32 entnommen und in eine Trockenstation 34 gebracht (Fig. 4). Aus dieser werden die Formfelder 21 nach dem Aushärten des Betons entnommen und einer Ausformstation 35 zugeführt. Dort werden die Formfelder 21 einzeln oder zu mehreren gleichzeitig entleert. Hierzu werden die Grundplatten 10 in den schon beschriebenen dargestellten Weisen aufgenommen, angehoben, um 180° gedreht und entleert. Anschließend wird die Grundplatte 10 wiederum um 180° in ihre Ausgangslage gedreht und wieder dem Stapel am Anfang der Anlage zugeführt. Vor dem Zuführen in den Anlagenkreislauf werden die Formfelder mit den darauf angebrachten Gießformen in einer Sprühanlage mit Trennmittel besprüht. Die in der Entleerstation 35 ausgeformten Steine werden durch eine Transporteinrichtung 37 abtransportiert.Thereafter, the form fields 21 arrive in a lifting ladder 32, in which they are raised in pairs one after the other. A stack of form fields 21 is removed from the lifting ladder 32 by means of a movable lifting platform 33 and brought into a drying station 34 (FIG. 4). After the concrete has hardened, the shaped fields 21 are removed from this and fed to a shaping station 35. There, the form fields 21 are emptied individually or in groups at the same time. For this purpose, the base plates 10 are picked up, raised, rotated through 180 ° and emptied in the ways already described. The base plate 10 is then rotated again by 180 ° into its starting position and fed back to the stack at the beginning of the system. Before being fed into the system circuit, the mold fields with the molds attached to them are sprayed with release agent in a spraying system. The stones formed in the emptying station 35 are removed by a transport device 37.

Für die beschriebene Herstellung von Natursteinen sind gegenüber einer herkömmlichen Steinfertigungsanlage nur wenige Umbaumaßnahmen und zusätzliche Einrichtungen erforderlich, so daß herkömmliche Steinfertigungsanlagen mit geringem Aufwand für die Fertigung von Natursteinen mittels der beschriebenen Gießformen umgerüstet werden kann. Fig. 4a zeigt die in Fig. 4 angegebene Ebene II in Seitenansicht; Fig. 4b zeigt die in Fig. 4 angegebene Ebene III in Seitenansicht.For the described production of natural stones, only a few conversion measures and additional facilities are required compared to a conventional stone production plant, so that conventional stone production plants can be converted with little effort for the production of natural stones using the described molds. FIG. 4a shows the plane II indicated in FIG. 4 in a side view; Fig. 4b shows the plane III shown in Fig. 4 in side view.

Die Gießformen können aber auch auf einer herkömmlichen Elementdecken-Fertigungsanlage eingesetzt werden, wie in den Fig. 7 und 8 dargestellt ist.However, the casting molds can also be used on a conventional element ceiling production system, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

Die Anlage weist sogenannte Elementdeckenbahnen 38 auf. Es handelt sich dabei im wesentlichen um flache Tische, die bei dem hier beschriebenen Arbeitsablauf mit den vorher beschriebenen Formfeldern 21 und jeweils einem Rahmengitterbelegt sind. Über die auf der Elementdeckenbahn 38 liegenden Formfelder 21 fährt ein Wagen 39, der den frisch zubereiteten Beton enthält. Der Wagen 39 enthält eine antreibbare Förderschnecke 40, die den beispielsweise durch einen Schlauch 41 von einer (nicht dargestellten) Betonmischanlage zugeführten Beton kontinuierlich über die Gießformen 1 des Formfeldes 21 fördert und diese dabei füllt.The system has so-called element cover sheets 38. These are essentially flat tables, which are covered in the workflow described here with the previously described form fields 21 and a frame grid. A carriage 39, which contains the freshly prepared concrete, travels over the form fields 21 lying on the element cover sheet 38. The carriage 39 contains a drivable screw conveyor 40, which conveys the concrete, for example, through a hose 41 from a (not shown) concrete mixing plant, continuously via the casting molds 1 of the mold field 21 and fills them.

Der Betonierwagen 39 wird - wie in Fig. 8 angedeutet ist - von einem Kran oder einem anderen Hebezeug getragen und kann zu den einzelnen Elementdeckenbahnen 38 transportiert werden. Nach dem Füllen der Gießformen wird jeweils das Rahmengitter 14 abgenommen, und die Formfelder 21 werden auf einen Transportwagen 41 gebracht, auf dem sie bis zum Aushärten des Betons lagern.The concreting car 39 is - as indicated in FIG. 8 - carried by a crane or another lifting device and can be transported to the individual element cover sheets 38. After the casting molds have been filled, the frame grid 14 is removed in each case, and the mold fields 21 are brought onto a transport carriage 41, on which they are stored until the concrete has hardened.

Nach dem Aushärten des Betons werden die einzelnen Formfelder 21 auf dem Transportwagen 41 jeweils einzeln oder zu mehreren von dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Drehgehänge 12 angehoben und um 180° gedreht und über eine Entleerstation auf ein Förderbahnd oder in einen Transportbehälter entleert (wie oben beschrieben).After the concrete has hardened, the individual shaped fields 21 on the transport carriage 41 each become one or more of the rotating hangers shown in FIG. 1 12 raised and rotated by 180 ° and emptied via an emptying station onto a conveyor belt or into a transport container (as described above).

Auch bei Einsatz auf einer Elementdecken-Fertigungsanlage sind für die Herstellung von Natursteinen in der beschriebenen Weise nur wenige zusätzliche Maßnahmen erforderlich. Es reicht aus, die Formfelder 21 und die Entleerstation bereitzustellen.Even when used on an element ceiling manufacturing system, only a few additional measures are required for the production of natural stones in the manner described. It is sufficient to provide the form fields 21 and the emptying station.

Claims (9)

1. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Natursteinen durch Gießen von Zementwerkstoffen in im wesentlichen topfförmige, aus elastischem Werkstoff bestehende Giegformen, deren Formseitenwände durch einen die Formseitenwände umgreifenden abnehmbaren Formhalterahmen gehalten sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere Gießformen (1) rasterartig jeweils im Abstand (15) zueinander auf einer anhebbaren und um eine horizontale Achse schwenkbaren Grundplatte (10) jeweils mit ihrem Formboden (2) befestigt sind, und daß die Formhalterahmen aller Gießformen (1) zu einem Rahmengitter (14) zusammengefaßt sind, das mit den Oberkanten (17) der Gießformen (1) bündig absetzbar und hiervon abhebbar ist.1. Device for producing natural stones by pouring cement materials into essentially pot-shaped molds made of elastic material, the mold side walls of which are held by a removable mold holding frame encompassing the mold side walls, characterized in that a plurality of molds (1) are arranged in a grid-like manner each at a distance (15). are fastened to each other on a base plate (10) which can be raised and pivoted about a horizontal axis, with their mold base (2), and in that the mold holding frames of all casting molds (1) are combined to form a frame grid (14) which is connected to the upper edges (17) of the Casting molds (1) can be placed flush and lifted off. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rahmengitter (14) die Abstände (15) zwischen den Gießformen (1) vollständig überbrückt.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame grid (14) completely bridges the distances (15) between the casting molds (1). 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Diagonalebenen der Gießformen (1) ein oder mehrere Schlitze 5 vorgesehen sind, die durch die jeweils zwei Seitenwände (3) verbindenden Ecken der Gießform (1) verlaufen.3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more slots 5 are provided in diagonal planes of the casting molds (1), which run through the two side walls (3) connecting corners of the casting mold (1). 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Formboden (2) jeder Gießform (1) mindestens eine Metallplatte (7) eingelegt ist, die mit der Grundplatte (10) mittels mehrerer Schrauben (9) verbunden ist.4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the mold base (2) of each casting mold (1) at least one metal plate (7) is inserted, which is connected to the base plate (10) by means of several screws (9). 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oberen Außenkanten (16) der Gießform (1) angeschrägt oder abgerundet sind.5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper outer edges (16) of the casting mold (1) are chamfered or rounded. 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Grundplatte (10) an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten jeweils einen horizontalen Schwenkzapfen (11) aufweist, die in Drehgelenken (13) eines anhebbaren Drehgehänges (12) mit Verschlußmotoren versehen und in einem speziellen Verschlußmechanismus aufnehmbar sind.6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the base plate (10) on two opposite sides in each case has a horizontal pivot pin (11) which in rotary joints (13) of a lifting rotating gear (12) provided with locking motors and can be accommodated in a special locking mechanism are. 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drehgelenke (13) des Drehgehänges (12) Kugelgelenke sind.7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the rotary joints (13) of the rotary hanger (12) are ball joints. 8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an den Drehgelenken des Drehgehänges (12) Verschlußmotoren mit einem Verschlußsystem angebracht sind.8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that on the pivot joints of the rotary hanger (12) locking motors are attached with a locking system. 9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Beton in einen Füllwagen über eine Zellradschleuse volumengerecht dosiert wird.9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the concrete is metered into a filling car via a cellular wheel lock according to volume.
EP90116719A 1989-09-01 1990-08-31 Apparatus for making simulated stone concrete blocks Expired - Lifetime EP0415435B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90116719T ATE103234T1 (en) 1989-09-01 1990-08-31 DEVICE FOR MAKING NATURAL STONES FROM CONCRETE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3928969 1989-09-01
DE3928969A DE3928969A1 (en) 1989-09-01 1989-09-01 DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IMITAL STONE

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EP0415435A2 true EP0415435A2 (en) 1991-03-06
EP0415435A3 EP0415435A3 (en) 1991-11-21
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AT (1) ATE103234T1 (en)
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GB2244951A (en) * 1990-06-13 1991-12-18 Banagher Structures Ltd Method and apparatus for removing a cast product from a mould by impact
EP0579571A1 (en) * 1992-07-14 1994-01-19 Jose Cantos-Torro A process for manufacturing, curing, protecting and carrying balusters of any kind
CN111152353A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-05-15 刘小明 Ancient building green tile brick carving shedder
CN112339102A (en) * 2020-11-06 2021-02-09 泉州市益鑫机械科技有限公司 Supporting plate-free brick making machine

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DE19504782C5 (en) * 1995-02-14 2013-03-28 Roland Müller Process and moldings for the production of artificial rock formations
DE19722060A1 (en) * 1997-05-27 1998-12-03 Horst Braun Screed floor and a device for producing a concrete slab for a screed floor

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2244951A (en) * 1990-06-13 1991-12-18 Banagher Structures Ltd Method and apparatus for removing a cast product from a mould by impact
EP0579571A1 (en) * 1992-07-14 1994-01-19 Jose Cantos-Torro A process for manufacturing, curing, protecting and carrying balusters of any kind
CN111152353A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-05-15 刘小明 Ancient building green tile brick carving shedder
CN111152353B (en) * 2020-03-18 2021-04-09 安徽龙钰徽派古建工艺制品有限公司 Ancient building green tile brick carving shedder
CN112339102A (en) * 2020-11-06 2021-02-09 泉州市益鑫机械科技有限公司 Supporting plate-free brick making machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE103234T1 (en) 1994-04-15
DE59005076D1 (en) 1994-04-28
EP0415435B1 (en) 1994-03-23
DE3928969A1 (en) 1991-03-07
EP0415435A3 (en) 1991-11-21

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