EP0407404A1 - Procede de decomposition et de recyclage de dechets urbains solides par fermentation anaerobie. - Google Patents

Procede de decomposition et de recyclage de dechets urbains solides par fermentation anaerobie.

Info

Publication number
EP0407404A1
EP0407404A1 EP89902783A EP89902783A EP0407404A1 EP 0407404 A1 EP0407404 A1 EP 0407404A1 EP 89902783 A EP89902783 A EP 89902783A EP 89902783 A EP89902783 A EP 89902783A EP 0407404 A1 EP0407404 A1 EP 0407404A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
urban waste
suspension
solid urban
fermentation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89902783A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0407404B1 (fr
Inventor
Roberto Pellegrin
Silvio Tasca
Franco Tasca
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rosewell Ltd
Original Assignee
San Valeriano SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by San Valeriano SpA filed Critical San Valeriano SpA
Priority to AT89902783T priority Critical patent/ATE82738T1/de
Publication of EP0407404A1 publication Critical patent/EP0407404A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0407404B1 publication Critical patent/EP0407404B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/36—Means for collection or storage of gas; Gas holders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
    • C12M25/16—Particles; Beads; Granular material; Encapsulation
    • C12M25/20—Fluidized bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/02—Percolation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the break-down and recycling of solid urban waste by means of anaerobic fermentation.
  • the conventional technique for the break-down of solid urban waste provides for the recovery of re-usable raw materials, such as iron, paper and/or plastics, from the waste by sorting before the rest is left to ferment either spontaneously or after priming with suitable cultures.
  • the materials recovered are contaminated with putrescible organic substances so that their transport and their working at re-processing plants cause foul-smelling emissions, atmospheric pollution and the risk of dermatosis to the personnel carrying out the re-processing.
  • the present invention provides a method characterised in that it comprises the steps of: a) crushing the solid urban waste, as it is, to dimensions suitable for transport on a fluidised bed, b) mixing the crushed solid urban waste with an aqueous suspension of biological sludge from aerobic purification plants, inoculated with bacterial strains which can effect anaerobic break-down, c) supplying the suspension thus obtained to a fluidised-bed anaerobic fermentation cell, and d) maintaining the suspension under fermentation conditions in the cell until the emission of biogas has effectively ceased.
  • the method enables an inert material to be obtained which can be removed from the cell and used as an infill material for land reclamation, or which may be sorted to allow the recovery of raw materials which can be recycled or used as energy sources for the production of electrical energy by means of their gasification.
  • a further subject of the invention is constituted by the cell for the anaerobic fermentation of the aqueous suspension of urban solids and biological sludge in a fluidised bed, characterised in that it includes a closed containing structure provided with opening means for the discharge of the fermentation product, means for supplying the aqueous suspension to the cell, means for collecting the biogas produced during the fermentation, filtration means constituted by a non-woven textile covering the walls and the bottom of the container and adapted to enable the liquid in the suspension to percolate along the walls of the container, and pumping and supply means for recycling to the cell the liquid which has percolated through the filtration means.
  • a further subject of the invention is the whole installation for carrying out the method.
  • Figure 1 is a block-schematic diagram illustrating the method of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of a fermentation cell for carrying out the method.
  • solid urban waste 1 is supplied, as it is, without prior sorting, to a grinding mill 2 where it is crushed to dimensions generally between 1 and 5 cm.
  • the crushed solid waste is supplied to a mixer 5 constituted, for example, by a screw which mixes it with a flow 4 of an aqueous suspension of biological sludge 3 produced by the aerobic purification of aqueous effluent.
  • the biological sludge used typically has a dry content of between 3 and 30% by weight.
  • the biological sludge before mixing with the solid urban waste, is subjected to a heat-conditioning treatment in an autoclave 6 at a temperature of between 40 and 100°C for a period of from 10 to 180 minutes and is inoculated with selected bacterial strains 7 in a quantity sufficient to effect the anaerobic break-down of the putrescible material contained in the mixture of solid urban waste and biological sludge.
  • the solid urban waste and the biological sludge are mixed typically in a ratio of from 10:1 to 10:10 and the mixing process is carried out at a temperature of between 20 and 80°C over a period of between 1 and 30 minutes.
  • a flow 8 is added to the mixture in a ratio such as to obtain a flow of a suspension which has a dry content preferably of between 15 and 30% by weight.
  • the suspension 9 is then supplied by a centrifugal pump 10 with a backward rotor to a cell 11 where it undergoes anaerobic fermentation.
  • the cell 11 which is illustrated in greater detail in Figure 2, is constituted by a reinforced concrete container provided with a door 12 which can be sealed and is suitable for vehicles for enabling the cell to be emptied of the inert matter at the end of the fermentation process.
  • the suspension 9 is supplied to the cell by means of tubes 13 which extend downwardly into the cell.
  • the inner surfaces of the base and side walls of the cell 11 are covered with a layer of filtration material 14 constituted by a composite, non-woven textile which has a filtering and draining function such as to retain the solid fraction of the suspension in the cell and enable the liquid phase to percolate along the side walls and the bottom of the cell.
  • a layer of filtration material 14 constituted by a composite, non-woven textile which has a filtering and draining function such as to retain the solid fraction of the suspension in the cell and enable the liquid phase to percolate along the side walls and the bottom of the cell.
  • the filtration layer preferably consists 100% of synthetic fibres consolidated mechanically by needling; the fibres have different counts with denier ratios of between 0.1 and 0.3 in dependence on the particle sizes of the solid in the cell itself.
  • the characteristics of the preferred textile material used in the cell according to the invention are given in the table below.
  • the cell also has a sump 15 at the bottom in which the aqueous liquid which has percolated through the filtration covering 14 collects, and a recycling duct including a centrifugal pump 16 which takes the percolated liquid from the sump 15 and feeds it into the cell through nozzles 17 situated inside the cell adjacent the ceiling.
  • the recycling duct also includes a heat exchanger 18 which conditions the percolated liquid to the fermentation temperature.
  • the cell also has manifolds (not illustrated) for collecting the biogas evolved and intended to be recovered or burnt in a burner 20.
  • the process is carried out under fluidised bed conditions, with the percolated water being recycled continuously and cooled under static conditions in the water-water heat exchanger 18 to allow for the small amount of heat generated by the process so as to maintain the optimum fermentation temperature and humidity conditions for the metabolism of the bacterial strains selected for the purpose.
  • the fermentation temperature is typically between 30 to 40°C.
  • the filtered water runs along the walls and the base of the cell, is collected in the sump 15 and, before being recycled to the fluidised bed, is thermostatically adjusted to the preselected temperature.
  • the biogases collect at the top of the cell, are taken in by the manifold and are recovered or sent to the burner for destruction.
  • the rate of the biological conversion can be regulated by means of the metering of the micro-organisms so as to achieve conversion times of between 20 and 60 days.
  • the installation for carrying out the process includes three cells 11, 12 and 13 so as to enable the method to be carried out pseudo-continuously.
  • At least one cell is operating in the biological conversion phase whilst a second cell is being loaded and the third cell is being emptied.
  • the percolated water is cooled gradually and used as the flow 8 for regulating the water content of the suspension output by the mixer 5 as required for supply to the cell which is in the filling phase.
  • the third cell is being emptied.
  • the end of the fermentation reaction is characterised by the cessation of the gaseous emissions.
  • the inert material remaining in the cell is washed with water.
  • the aqueous washing liquid is added to the flow of percolated water, after which the cell is opened.
  • the damp, inert material free from putrescible organic substances, is withdrawn by mechanical means and then left to dry in the open air.
  • This material can be used particularly as infill material for land reclamation and may possibly be sorted to enable the recovery of the combustible fraction which can be used to produce electrical energy.
  • the method according to the invention therefore enables the problems connected with the disposal of solid urban waste and also the problems caused by excess sludge produced by the biological treatment of domestic, and possibly industrial, sewage to be resolved with moderate operation and installation costs.
  • the installation has no impact on the land since it is similar to an industrial installation which can be situated on a limited area without danger to underlying, subterranean water-bearing layers.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

On broie (2) les déchets urbains pour les réduire à des dimensions ne dépassant pas 5 cm et on les mélange intimement (5) avec une suspension aqueuse de boue biologique préconditionnée à une température comprise entre 40 et 100 °C (6) ayant une teneur sèche comprise entre 3 et 30 % en poids. On amène la suspension ainsi obtenue inoculée avec des souches bactériennes (7) pouvant effectuer une décomposition anaérobie, à une cuve fermée de fermentation (11, 12, 13) actionnée comme un lit fluidisé, et on la maitient dans des conditions de fermentation anaérobie dans la cellule jusqu'à ce que cesse effectivement l'émission de biogaz. Dans la cuve de fermentation la suspension passe à travers un moyen de filtration constitué par un textile non tissé recouvrant les parois et la base de la cuve et l'écoulement de suspension ayant passé à travers le moyen de filtration est recyclé jusqu'à la cuve. Ledit moyen de filtration facilite également la séparation du biogaz dégagé.
EP19890902783 1988-03-07 1989-03-02 Procede de decomposition et de recyclage de dechets urbains solides par fermentation anaerobie Expired - Lifetime EP0407404B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89902783T ATE82738T1 (de) 1988-03-07 1989-03-02 Verfahren fuer den abbau und die wiederverwendung von muell durch anaerobe fermentierung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT6718488 1988-03-07
IT6718488A IT1219082B (it) 1988-03-07 1988-03-07 Procedimento e impianto per lo smaltimento e il riciclo di rifiuti solidi urbani mediante fermentazione anaerobica

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0407404A1 true EP0407404A1 (fr) 1991-01-16
EP0407404B1 EP0407404B1 (fr) 1992-11-25

Family

ID=11300291

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890902783 Expired - Lifetime EP0407404B1 (fr) 1988-03-07 1989-03-02 Procede de decomposition et de recyclage de dechets urbains solides par fermentation anaerobie

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5207911A (fr)
EP (1) EP0407404B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH03503257A (fr)
AR (1) AR247371A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU626841B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1330457C (fr)
IT (1) IT1219082B (fr)
WO (1) WO1989008616A1 (fr)

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JP2997833B2 (ja) * 1993-12-28 2000-01-11 日立造船株式会社 下水汚泥の嫌気性消化方法
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US7179642B2 (en) * 1999-10-25 2007-02-20 Ghd, Inc. Method and apparatus for solids processing
US6296766B1 (en) 1999-11-12 2001-10-02 Leon Breckenridge Anaerobic digester system
KR20020095486A (ko) * 2001-06-14 2002-12-27 (주)동명기술공단종합건축사사무소 음식물 쓰레기 하수슬러지 병합처리 시스템
KR100478044B1 (ko) * 2002-07-05 2005-03-22 고천일 유기 폐기물 처리 장치
DE102004025318A1 (de) * 2004-05-19 2005-12-08 Rudolf Hartmann Verfahren und Vergärungsanlage zum anaeroben Vergären von biogenem Abfall
US7968057B2 (en) * 2004-11-23 2011-06-28 Estech Europe Limited Autoclave
WO2006128011A2 (fr) * 2005-05-25 2006-11-30 University Of South Florida Procede de digestion anaerobie pour des dechets a faible teneur en solides
US7410583B2 (en) * 2006-08-10 2008-08-12 East Bay Municipal Utility District Process of treating organic waste for anaerobic digestion
US8470177B2 (en) * 2006-11-27 2013-06-25 Dvo Licensing, Inc. Method and apparatus for anaerobic digestion of organic liquid waste streams
PL2125639T3 (pl) * 2006-11-27 2021-09-27 Dvo, Inc. Beztlenowa komora fermentacyjna wykorzystująca okrągły zbiornik
ES2477329T3 (es) * 2006-12-28 2014-07-16 University Of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Producción de hidrógeno y de metano a partir de corrientes de aguas residuales
ES2328212B1 (es) * 2008-05-05 2010-09-17 Universidad De Cadiz Pretratamiento biologico de residuos solidos organicos.
CA2729802C (fr) 2008-07-02 2013-06-11 Ciris Energy, Inc. Procede d'optimisation d'une bioconversion in situ de formations contenant du carbone
IT1395382B1 (it) * 2009-09-09 2012-09-14 Eni Spa Procedimento per la produzione di bio- olio da rifiuti solidi urbani
WO2011066393A2 (fr) 2009-11-25 2011-06-03 Ghd, Inc. Digesteur de biosolides et procédé de production de biosolides
GB0921836D0 (en) * 2009-12-14 2010-01-27 Prebble Andrew Anaerobic reactor
SG181644A1 (en) * 2009-12-18 2012-07-30 Ciris Energy Inc Biogasification of coal to methane and other useful products
WO2012112679A2 (fr) 2011-02-15 2012-08-23 University Of South Florida Procédé et système de traitement d'eaux usées et de boues en optimisant le sco2 destiné aux microbes autotrophes anaérobies
US8329455B2 (en) 2011-07-08 2012-12-11 Aikan North America, Inc. Systems and methods for digestion of solid waste
JP6367024B2 (ja) * 2014-07-07 2018-08-01 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 消化槽の加熱システム及び汚泥消化システム
US9995758B1 (en) 2014-10-31 2018-06-12 Western Autotroph Company LLC Methods and systems for controlling oxidative stress in humans and animals
FI128807B (en) * 2016-10-07 2020-12-31 Metener Oy Method and system for producing biogas
CN109593638B (zh) * 2019-01-02 2021-09-24 大连理工大学 一种水热预处理促进聚乳酸塑料降解甲烷化利用的系统及方法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1989008616A1 (fr) 1989-09-21
US5207911A (en) 1993-05-04
AU626841B2 (en) 1992-08-13
IT1219082B (it) 1990-04-24
CA1330457C (fr) 1994-06-28
AU3189389A (en) 1989-10-05
JPH03503257A (ja) 1991-07-25
IT8867184A0 (it) 1988-03-07
EP0407404B1 (fr) 1992-11-25
AR247371A1 (es) 1994-12-29

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