EP0406396B1 - Vorrichtung zum verbrennen und/oder thermischen zersetzen von brennmaterial, insbesondere festen brennstoffen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum verbrennen und/oder thermischen zersetzen von brennmaterial, insbesondere festen brennstoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0406396B1
EP0406396B1 EP90902219A EP90902219A EP0406396B1 EP 0406396 B1 EP0406396 B1 EP 0406396B1 EP 90902219 A EP90902219 A EP 90902219A EP 90902219 A EP90902219 A EP 90902219A EP 0406396 B1 EP0406396 B1 EP 0406396B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
bar
combustion
grate bars
pipe sections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90902219A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0406396A1 (de
Inventor
Nils Erik TUNSTRöMER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Energima Nord Te Froesoen Zweden AB
Original Assignee
Tunstromer Nils Erik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tunstromer Nils Erik filed Critical Tunstromer Nils Erik
Priority to AT90902219T priority Critical patent/ATE104418T1/de
Publication of EP0406396A1 publication Critical patent/EP0406396A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0406396B1 publication Critical patent/EP0406396B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/20—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using step-type grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H15/00—Cleaning arrangements for grates; Moving fuel along grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for burning and / or thermally decomposing fuel, in particular solid fuels, such as peat, coal, wood, straw or waste, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE-A-116 441 describes a vibrating wicker grate, which is characterized in that fixed tines engage in the grating gaps, which break the slag which is fixed there when the grate moves.
  • the tines only act over a partial area of the basket grate, so that the efficiency of the known construction is accordingly limited.
  • the grate bars warp due to local thermal stresses, with the result that the fixed tines rub on the grate bars and block the grating from swinging in unfavorable cases.
  • the grate bars are also made of solid material and are therefore particularly sensitive to thermal stress.
  • DE-C-34 18 864 proposes that the material loosening agents engaging in the grating gaps each with play, ie. H. movable in relation to the grate bars. This largely prevents the pendulum grate from being blocked by heat-related warping of the grate bars and accordingly promotes combustion. The risk of clogging the bar grate is reduced considerably.
  • the object of the present invention is to further develop the construction according to DE-C-34 18 864 in such a way that the material loosening agents, which are subject to considerable wear and tear, can be exchanged effortlessly or replaced by material loosening agents of a different type.
  • cover shells made of fire-resistant and heat-resistant material such as stainless steel, ceramic or the like are arranged on the upper sides of the pipe sections.
  • the grate bars which also serve as cooling tubes, are protected from mechanical damage and all too protected from high heat.
  • the cover shells are preferably only firmly connected at one point to the respectively assigned pipe section, e.g. B. by welding.
  • the measures according to claims 8ff are also of particular importance, the cooling of the grate bars as well as more intensive combustion of the fuel being achieved by the air supply according to claims 9 to 11.
  • the measures according to claim 9 are used, according to which the primary air introduced is directed in such a way that it tries to penetrate the slatted frames from bottom to top. In this way, the material to be burned is literally “lifted” from the bar grates or loosened from below.
  • due to the cooling of the grate bars described slag formation and thus clogging of the bar grids is effectively delayed due to the blowing of the bar grids from below. This is especially true when burning straw that is very prone to slag formation.
  • the above-mentioned material loosening agents also help to reliably avoid clogging of the bar gratings even under extreme conditions.
  • the air supply according to claim 10 is primarily used for improved combustion or thermal decomposition of the fuel.
  • the air supply is assigned throttle bodies, preferably in the form of throttle valves, which can be actuated individually or jointly, so that the throughput can be varied accordingly or adapted to the desired combustion or thermal decomposition.
  • the material loosening means provided according to the invention have a double function in the specific embodiment of the device according to claim 8.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a device for burning solid fuels, in particular straw or straws, preferably also pelletized, with a fuel supply 10 and three combustion sites arranged within a combustion chamber 28 in the form of three rod grids 12, 13 and 14 arranged in a step-like manner
  • the fuel supply is horizontal Extending, tubular fuel supply channel 31, within which a rotary screw conveyor 32 is arranged or mounted, the screw conveyor 32 being driven by a suitably flanged electric or similar motor 33.
  • the screw conveyor channel 31 opens into a vertical shaft 34 through which the nearest bar grate 12 is fed with fuel.
  • the fuel is supplied in the direction of arrow 35.
  • the material grids 12, 13 and 14 are each assigned material loosening means which are in the form of disks or plates 15, 16, 17 extending through the grate gaps. These are each fitted with play on support rods extending below and transversely to the grate bars 18, each with essentially rectangular cross sections, in such a way that they can be individually displaced in the direction of the support bars 19.
  • the support rods 19 are coupled to an oscillation drive in the form of a piston-cylinder unit which can be acted upon from two sides. The coupling takes place in each case on the part of the piston rod protruding from the cylinder of the piston-cylinder unit.
  • Sliders of a conveyor rake 26 extending transversely to the grate bars 18 or parallel to the support axes 19 are additionally fastened to this, each of which has a triangular cross section, one side being approximately parallel, the other, namely the fuel or the fuel Entry faces away from the side approximately vertically and the third side extends flatly inclined to a floor 25 arranged below the bar gratings 12, 13, 14.
  • the above-mentioned slides of the conveyor rake 26 are arranged below the respectively associated loosening disks 15, 16, 17 such that the lower or bottom side of the respective rod-like slides rests on the floor 25.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the rod-like slide described has the advantage that when the same moves in the direction away from the fuel inlet, the upright sides become effective while pushing off ashes falling on the floor 25 or the like.
  • ashes falling on the floor 25 are only “driven under” by the sliders forming the conveyor rakes because of the flat inclined design of the rear sides thereof.
  • ash or the like falling on the floor 25 is thus only pushed in the direction away from the fuel inlet, specifically to a pressure-like collecting container, not shown, into which a screw conveyor projects, through which the from the floor 25 removed ash or the like can be transported out of the device.
  • the final removal of ash or the like can then take place via a conveyor hose connected to a vacuum source, the connection of which is at the end of the last-mentioned conveyor screw on the discharge side.
  • the combustion chamber or combustion chamber 28 is delimited on the one hand by the rod grates 12, 13, 14 and on the other hand by an end wall 36 and top and side walls 37, each made of refractory material, the top wall continuing into an outlet channel 30, which opens into a flue gas outlet or the like.
  • a hot air lance 39 is assigned to the fuel inlet, which is identified in FIG. 1 by the reference numeral 38, by means of which the ignition of the fuel or fuel is to be triggered and promoted in combination with an igniter (not shown in more detail).
  • a photocell is preferably arranged in the area of the fuel inlet 40 above it, which indicates whether the combustion is proceeding properly and which triggers the interruption of further fuel supply in the event of improper combustion.
  • the photocell could also be coupled to the air supply 11 in such a way that it is regulated in accordance with the determined combustion so that an optimal combustion takes place.
  • the material loosening disks 15, 16 and 17 are each approximately rectangular plates made of fire and heat-resistant material, each having an incision 20 on one side corresponding to the cross section of the associated support rod 19, the cross-sectional width of the support rod 19 is dimensioned somewhat smaller than the clear width of the incision 20 into which the support rod 19 can be inserted when the disks 15, 16, 17 are fitted.
  • the disks 15, 16, 17 can thus be assembled without disassembling the support rods 19 or bar gratings 12, 13, 14, namely they can be pushed onto the associated support rod 19 between two adjacent grate bars.
  • the upper side or the side 40 of the material loosening disks 15, 16, 17 protruding upwards between the grate bars 18 can be bevelled in each case, namely towards the fuel inlet 10 or the fuel inlet 38 either downward (loosening disks 15 in Fig. 1) or upwards (loosening discs 17 in Fig. 1).
  • the loosening disks 16 assigned to the central bar grate 13 have an upper edge which extends approximately horizontally or parallel to the grate bars 18.
  • the width of the loosening discs 15, 16, 17 is dependent on the distance between two adjacent grate bars. It is somewhat smaller than the last-mentioned distance and is approximately 10 mm in a specific exemplary embodiment.
  • the grate bars 18 are designed as pipe sections through which a cooling liquid, namely water, flows.
  • cover shells 21 are arranged as protective hoods made of fire and heat-resistant material such as stainless steel, ceramic or the like. These protective hoods or cover shells extend essentially over the entire length of the pipe sections. However, they are only permanently connected to the assigned pipe sections at one point in order to avoid thermal stresses between cover shells on the one hand and assigned pipe sections on the other hand.
  • the cover shells 21 extend in the direction transverse to the longitudinal extent of the pipe sections over an angular range of approximately 100 ° to 120 °. In this way, the function of the material loosening disks arranged between adjacent pipe sections is not hindered.
  • the pipe sections forming the grate bars 18 open on the end side into a cooling water inlet and outlet chamber 22 and secondly into a cooling water transfer chamber 23, the cooling water inlet and outlet chamber 22 having a partition wall 24, through which the inlet area is separated from the outlet area is.
  • cooling water flows through said inlet area into a predetermined number of pipe sections which, in the flow direction, lie in front of the partition wall 24.
  • the cooling water then reaches the remaining pipe sections via the diametrically arranged cooling water transfer chamber 23, in order then to leave them again through the outlet area of the cooling water inlet and outlet chamber 22.
  • the flow through the pipe sections forming the grate bars 18 is indicated by the arrows 41 in FIG. 3.
  • Temperature sensors by means of which the throughput of the cooling liquid is regulated, are preferably assigned to both the inlet and the outlet region of each bar grate in such a way that an essentially constant and predetermined flow temperature of the cooling medium is established after a short operating time.
  • Fig. 1 Of particular importance for the combustion and also the avoidance of slag formation in the area of the bar gratings are arrangements for the supply of air to the bar gratings 12, 13, 14, and under pressure in such a way that each individual bar grate is blown obliquely from below, such as this is indicated in Fig. 1 with the reference number 11. Furthermore, a further air supply is defined by air ducts 28, which are arranged just above and to the side of the bar gratings 12, 13 and 14 and each have air inlet openings 27 directed towards the bar gratings.
  • the air supply mentioned is variable in terms of throughput, by means of throttle and / or closing flaps which can be actuated individually or together. Since these are known construction measures, they are not shown in detail in FIG. 1.
  • the air supply described is provided by a blower 42 arranged outside the device.
  • the air supply lines leading to the air inlet openings arranged below and above and to the side of the bar gratings are identified in FIG. 1 by reference numerals 11 and 28. These air supply lines extend in the region of the side walls of the combustion chamber 28.
  • air collecting tubes 43 are arranged at each end, which extend transversely through the combustion chamber 28 and have air outlet openings which permit oblique blowing of the bar grilles from below.
  • the material loosening disks 15, 16 and 17 protrude above the top of the respectively assigned bar grids by a length which corresponds approximately to the diameter of the grate bars 18.
  • the oscillating back and forth movement of both the material loosening disks and the ash conveyor rake 26 is indicated in FIG. 1 by the double arrow 45.
  • the main combustion zone lies in the area of the central bar grate 13 and is indicated by a dash-dotted area line 46 in FIG. 1.
  • the fuel supply in particular in the area or preferably in front of the fuel conveyor screw 32, can also be assigned an extinguishing water inlet which is connected to a water reservoir via a closing valve.
  • an extinguishing water inlet which is connected to a water reservoir via a closing valve.
  • a closing valve In case of overheating and e.g. B. by the aforementioned photo cell correspondingly triggered signal opens said valve so that fire water can escape from the water reservoir in the area of the fuel supply.
  • Appropriately watered fuel then reaches the area of the bar grates, causing the combustion to stop.
  • extinguishing water flows directly into the combustion chamber.
  • this type of combustion interruption is only intended for emergencies.
  • the oscillating material loosening disks 15, 16, 17 on the one hand and the likewise oscillating ash conveyor rake 26 on the other hand can each be assigned separate oscillation drives in the form of piston-cylinder units.
  • a common drive is preferred, in which case the support rods 19 must be coupled to the conveyor rake 26, namely must be rigidly connected, as is indicated in FIG. 1 by laterally arranged connecting webs 47.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Tyre Moulding (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
EP90902219A 1989-01-25 1990-01-25 Vorrichtung zum verbrennen und/oder thermischen zersetzen von brennmaterial, insbesondere festen brennstoffen Expired - Lifetime EP0406396B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90902219T ATE104418T1 (de) 1989-01-25 1990-01-25 Vorrichtung zum verbrennen und/oder thermischen zersetzen von brennmaterial, insbesondere festen brennstoffen.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3902159 1989-01-25
DE3902159A DE3902159A1 (de) 1989-01-25 1989-01-25 Vorrichtung zum verbrennen und/oder thermischen zersetzen von brennmaterial, insbesondere festen brennstoffen
PCT/EP1990/000142 WO1990008918A1 (de) 1989-01-25 1990-01-25 Vorrichtung zum verbrennen und/oder thermischen zersetzen von brennmaterial, insbesondere festen brennstoffen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0406396A1 EP0406396A1 (de) 1991-01-09
EP0406396B1 true EP0406396B1 (de) 1994-04-13

Family

ID=6372773

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90902219A Expired - Lifetime EP0406396B1 (de) 1989-01-25 1990-01-25 Vorrichtung zum verbrennen und/oder thermischen zersetzen von brennmaterial, insbesondere festen brennstoffen

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5103744A (xx)
EP (1) EP0406396B1 (xx)
AT (1) ATE104418T1 (xx)
CA (1) CA2025565A1 (xx)
DE (2) DE3902159A1 (xx)
DK (1) DK0406396T3 (xx)
ES (1) ES2055900T3 (xx)
FI (1) FI904684A0 (xx)
NO (1) NO904128L (xx)
WO (1) WO1990008918A1 (xx)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5209169A (en) * 1982-03-29 1993-05-11 Basic J N Sen Incinerator improvements
DE69034199T2 (de) * 1990-10-15 2006-04-20 Basic sen., John N., Marco Island Anlage und Verfahren zur Rauchverbrennung
DE4400992C1 (de) * 1994-01-14 1995-05-11 Noell Abfall & Energietech Roststab und Rost mit Kühleinrichtung
US5893358A (en) * 1997-11-04 1999-04-13 Pyro Industries, Inc. Pellet fuel burner for heating and drying systems
NO975397A (no) * 1997-11-25 1998-12-14 Energos Asa Anordning ved forbrenningsovn for fast brensel
US6055916A (en) * 1998-05-08 2000-05-02 Stevers; Paul H. Waste material processing apparatus and method
JP5314956B2 (ja) * 2008-07-22 2013-10-16 矢崎エナジーシステム株式会社 木質ペレットの燃焼方法及び燃焼機
WO2018166587A1 (de) * 2017-03-15 2018-09-20 Seko-Patent Gmbh Roststab, rost und verbrennungsanlage
US11662092B2 (en) * 2020-09-23 2023-05-30 Air Burners, Inc. Biochar apparatus and process
CN112484072B (zh) * 2020-11-24 2022-06-17 湖南省农友机械集团有限公司 一种热风炉进风装置及热风炉

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE116441C (xx) *
DE668440C (de) * 1935-10-03 1938-12-03 Eisen U Stahlwerk Velten G M B Feuerungsrost fuer OEfen und Herde mit einer Schuer- und Entschlackungsvorrichtung
GB648135A (en) * 1948-03-18 1950-12-28 David Leonard Swendsen Improvements in steam or hot-water boilers
DE3149548C2 (de) * 1981-12-15 1984-05-30 Gerhard 6345 Eschenburg Grebe Rost für eine Feuerungsanlage
DE3302380A1 (de) * 1983-01-25 1984-07-26 Gebrüder Welger GmbH & Co KG, 3340 Wolfenbüttel Beschickungsvorrichtung fuer stroh-verbrennungsanlagen
DE3334024A1 (de) * 1983-09-21 1985-04-11 Nordfried 6710 Frankenthal Czeczerski Breitstrahlbrause
DE3418864A1 (de) * 1984-05-21 1986-01-02 Stubinen Utveckling AB, Stockholm Vorrichtung und verfahren zur verbrennung und/oder thermischen zersetzung von brennmaterial, insbesondere festen brennstoffen
DK156747C (da) * 1985-01-17 1990-02-19 Nordfab As Anlaeg til oprivning og indfyring af halmballer samt til indfyring af andet fast braendsel
FR2614395B1 (fr) * 1987-04-27 1989-07-21 Traitement Indl Residus Urbain Foyer de chaudiere, notamment pour dechets urbains, a grille composee de barreaux alternativement fixes et mobiles a va-et-vient, a souplesse de reglage accrue
US4895084A (en) * 1987-12-18 1990-01-23 Morse Boulger, Inc. Stoker for refuse incinerators
FI85420C (fi) * 1987-12-22 1992-04-10 Ahlstroem Oy Anordning vid snedrost i foerbraenningsugns eldstad.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3902159A1 (de) 1990-07-26
ES2055900T3 (es) 1994-09-01
FI904684A0 (fi) 1990-09-24
DE3902159C2 (xx) 1991-04-18
DK0406396T3 (da) 1994-05-16
WO1990008918A1 (de) 1990-08-09
US5103744A (en) 1992-04-14
NO904128L (no) 1990-11-13
DE59005321D1 (de) 1994-05-19
EP0406396A1 (de) 1991-01-09
NO904128D0 (no) 1990-09-21
ATE104418T1 (de) 1994-04-15
CA2025565A1 (en) 1990-07-26

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