EP0402980A1 - Elektrophotographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial - Google Patents

Elektrophotographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0402980A1
EP0402980A1 EP90201423A EP90201423A EP0402980A1 EP 0402980 A1 EP0402980 A1 EP 0402980A1 EP 90201423 A EP90201423 A EP 90201423A EP 90201423 A EP90201423 A EP 90201423A EP 0402980 A1 EP0402980 A1 EP 0402980A1
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Prior art keywords
recording material
layer
photoconductive
aromatic
electrophotographic recording
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
David Richard Terrell
Stefaan Karel De Meutter
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
    • G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
    • G03G5/0557—Macromolecular bonding materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds
    • G03G5/0582—Polycondensates comprising sulfur atoms in the main chain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
    • G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
    • G03G5/0557—Macromolecular bonding materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds
    • G03G5/0564—Polycarbonates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
    • G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
    • G03G5/0596—Macromolecular compounds characterised by their physical properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
    • G03G5/0664—Dyes
    • G03G5/0696—Phthalocyanines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photosensitive recording material suitable for use in electrophotography.
  • photoconductive materials are used to form a latent electrostatic charge image that is developable with finely divided colouring material, called toner.
  • the developed image can then be permanently affixed to the photoconductive recording material, e.g. photoconductive zinc oxide-binder layer, or transferred from the photoconductor layer, e.g. selenium layer, onto a receptor material, e.g. plain paper and fixed thereon.
  • the photoconductive recording material is reusable.
  • a photoconductor layer In order to permit a rapid multiple printing or copying a photoconductor layer has to be used that rapidly looses its charge on photo-exposure and also rapidly regains its insulating state after the exposure to receive again a sufficiently high electrostatic charge for a next image formation.
  • the failure of a material to return completely to its relatively insulating state prior to succeeding charging/imaging steps is commonly known in the art as "fatigue".
  • the fatigue phenomenon has been used as a guide in the selection of commercially useful photoconductive materials, since the fatigue of the photoconductive layer limits the copying rates achievable.
  • Electrophotographic copying systems wherein such photoconductive recording materials are used in the reproduction of halftone image originals, i.e. images composed of equi-dense screen dots in which density variation is obtained only by varying dot frequency or by varying dot size and dot frequency, yield images of degraded quality (resolution) when compared with images obtained on lith-type silver halide emulsion materials.
  • Electrophotographic printing systems operating with scanning light sources such as analog-signal or digital-signal modulated laser beams or light emitting diodes with such photoconductive recording materials likewise produce degraded prints due to the enhancement of background and the blurring of the dots as a result of each dot having a halo caused by the unsharp edge of the writing beam.
  • Another important property which determines whether or not a particular photoconductive material is suited for electrophotographic copying is its photosensitivity that must be high enough for use in copying apparatus operating with fairly low intensity light reflected from the original.
  • the photoconductive layer has a chromatic sensitivity that matches the wavelength(s) of the light of the light source, e.g. a laser or has panchromatic sensitivity when white light is used e.g. to allow the reproduction of all colours in balance.
  • the first generation of organic photoconductors consisted of single layers in which a polymeric charge transport material such as poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) or charge transport molecules such as the 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline derivatives described in US-P 3,830,647 and 3,832,171 dissolved in an inert polymeric binder such as a polycarbonate were sensitized with dissolved dyes or dispersed pigment particles.
  • PVK poly(N-vinylcarbazole)
  • charge transport molecules such as the 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline derivatives described in US-P 3,830,647 and 3,832,171 dissolved in an inert polymeric binder such as a polycarbonate
  • PEAM photoemission active material
  • PEAM-layers consisting of about 40 % by weight of the p-type charge transport material 2,4-bis(4-N,N-diethylaminophenyl)oxadiazole, 0.5 to 10% by weight of N,N′-dimethylperylimide in a binder [ref. Chemiker Science 106 , 313 (1982)] Wiedemann observed photosensitivities expressed as half-value voltage drop exposures (I o .t 1/2 ) of 50 to 100 mJ/m2 for positive and negative charging.
  • I o .t 1/2 half-value voltage drop exposures
  • Such monolayer organic photoconductors were less interesting than selenium-photoconductors, because of their poorer sensitivity, their very flat response to increasing exposure dose and their rather large fatigue.
  • TNF acts as an electron acceptor whereas PVCz serves as an electron donor.
  • Films consisting of said charge transfer complex with TNF:PVCz in 1:1 molar ratio are dark brown, nearly black and exhibit high charge acceptance and low dark decay rates.
  • the exposures required for 10 % and 90 % discharges differed by more than a factor of 10.
  • Overall photosensitivity is comparable to that of amorphous selenium (ref. Schaffert, R. M., IBM J. Res. Develop., 15 , 75 (1971).
  • an electrophotographic recording material comprising on an electrically conductive support a positively chargeable photoconductive recording layer which contains in an electrically insulating organic polymeric binder material at least one photoconductive p-type pigment substance,and at least one n-type photoconductive charge transport substance selected from one of the following classes :
  • the p-type pigment(s) may be inorganic or organic and may have any colour including white. It is a finely divided substance, e.g. with average particle size in the range from 0.01 to 1 micron, dispersible in the organic polymeric binder of said photoconductive recording layer.
  • the support of said photoconductive recording layer is pre-coated with an adhesive and/or a blocking layer (rectifier layer) reducing or preventing positive hole charge injection from the conductive support into the photoconductive recording layer, and optionally the photoconductive recording layer is overcoated with an outermost protective layer, more details about said layers being given furtheron.
  • a blocking layer rectifier layer
  • the photoconductive recording layer is overcoated with an outermost protective layer, more details about said layers being given furtheron.
  • said photoconductive recording layer has a thickness in the range of 5 to 35 ⁇ m and contains 6 to 30 % by weight of said p-type pigment material(s) and 0.001 to 12 % by weight of said n-type charge transport material(s).
  • n-type substance is understood a substance having n-type conductance, which means that the photocurrent (I n ) generated in said substance when in contact with an illuminated transparent electrode having negative electric polarity is larger than the photocurrent (I p ) generated when the substance is in contact with a positive illuminated electrode (I n /I p > 1)
  • p-type substance is understood a substance having p-type conductance, which means that the photocurrent (I p ) generated in said substance when in contact with an illuminated transparent electrode having positive polarity is larger than the photocurrent (I n ) generated when in contact with a negative illuminated electrode (I p /I n > 1), [ref. Hans Meier - Organic Semiconductors, Dark- and Photoconductivity of Organic Solids - Verlag Chemie (1974), p. 410, point 3.]
  • the electrically insulating binder has preferably a volume resistivity which is not higher than 1016 Ohm-m.
  • Examples of p-type pigments dispersible in the binder of the negatively chargeable recording layer of the electrophotographic recording material according to the present invention are
  • Examples of monomeric n-type charge transport substances that are particularly useful in the present invention and can be molecularly dissolved in an electrically insulating organic binder, e.g. a polycarbonate resin, are low molecular weight substances from one of the following classes :
  • polymeric n-type substances useful in the present invention are from one of the classes :
  • the resin binders are selected on the basis of optimal mechanical strength, adherence to any adjacent layer(s) and favourable electrical properties and if the active layer is at the same time the outermost layer also on the basis of reducing their surface energy and frictional coefficient in order to improve the resistance of the surface of the photosensitive recording material to toner smearing and abrasion and the ease with which untransferred toner can be removed.
  • Suitable binder material for use in the recording material of the present invention are organic resin materials, e.g. cellulose esters, acrylate and methacrylate resins, e.g. cyanoacrylate resin, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride, e.g. copolyvinyl chloride/acetate and copolyvinylchloride/maleic anhydride, polyester resins, e.g. copolyesters of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid with glycol, aromatic polycarbonate resins and polyester carbonate resins.
  • organic resin materials e.g. cellulose esters, acrylate and methacrylate resins, e.g. cyanoacrylate resin, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride, e.g. copolyvinyl chloride/acetate and copolyvinylchloride/maleic anhydride, polyester resins, e.g. copolyesters of isophthalic acid and
  • the recording layer as outermost layer can be endowed with a low surface adhesion and a low frictional coefficient by the incorporation therein of a resin comprising a block copolyester or copolycarbonate having a fluorinated polyether block as described in US-P 4,772,526.
  • a polyester resin particularly suited for use in combination with aromatic polycarbonate binders is DYNAPOL L 206 (registered trade mark of Dynamit Nobel for a copolyester of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid with ethylene glycol and neopentyl glycol, the molar ratio of tere- to isophthalic acid being 3/2).
  • Said polyester resin improves the adherence to aluminium that may form a conductive coating on the support of the recording material.
  • Suitable aromatic polycarbonates can be prepared by methods such as those described by D. Freitag, U. Grigo, P R. Müller and W. Nouvertné in the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2nd ed., Vol. II, pages 648-718, (1988) published by Wiley and Sons Inc., and have one or more repeating units within the scope of the following general formula R1, R2, R3, R4, R7 and R8 each represents (same or different) hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group or an aryl group, and R5 and R6 each represent (same or different) hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group or together represent the necessary atoms to close a cycloaliphatic ring, e.g. cyclohexane ring.
  • Aromatic polycarbonates having a molecular weight in the range of 10,000 to 200,000 are preferred. Suitable polycarbonates having such a high molecular weight are sold under the registered trade mark MAKROLON of Bayer AG, W-Germany.
  • binder resins are silicone resins, polystyrene and copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride and copolymers of butadiene and styrene.
  • the photoconductive recording layer may contain further additives such as spectral sensitizing agents known in the art, e.g. (poly)methine dyes, for enlarging the spectral sensitivity of the applied photoconductive compounds, and compounds acting as stabilising agents against deterioration by ultra-violet radiation, so-called UV-stabilizers, e.g. benztriazoles.
  • spectral sensitizing agents known in the art, e.g. (poly)methine dyes, for enlarging the spectral sensitivity of the applied photoconductive compounds, and compounds acting as stabilising agents against deterioration by ultra-violet radiation, so-called UV-stabilizers, e.g. benztriazoles.
  • An adhesive layer and/or blocking layer being optionally present between the conductive support and the photoconductive recording layer may contain or consist of one or more of e.g. a polyester, a polyamide, nitrocellulose, hydrolysed silane, or aluminium oxide.
  • the total layer thickness of said layer(s) is preferably not more than 2 micron.
  • the photoconductive recording layer may be coated optionally with a thin protective layer to endow its surface with improved abrasion resistance, a reduced frictional coefficient, reduced tendency to toner smearing and more easy removal of untransferred toner.
  • a thin protective layer may contain one or more electron-transporting charge transport materials.
  • the concentration of such charge transport materials present preferably does not exceed 50 wt % to avoid excessive abrasion in use.
  • the thickness of said layer will be preferably in the range of 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of a protective layer should be less than 5 ⁇ m thick and preferably less than 2 ⁇ m thick to avoid a significant increase in residual potential.
  • Suitable resins for use in such protective layer are block copolyester or copolycarbonate resins having a fluorinated polyether block as described e.g. in US-P 4,772,526, or are copolymers of tetrafluoroethene or hexafluoropropene, optionally in combination with resins compatible therewith, e.g. cellulose esters, acrylate and methacrylate resins, e.g. cyanoacrylate resin, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride, e.g. copolyvinyl chloride/acetate and copolyvinyl chloride/maleic anhydride, polyester resins, aromatic polycarbonate resins or polyester-carbonate resins.
  • block copolyester or copolycarbonate resins having a fluorinated polyether block as described e.g. in US-P 4,772,526, or are copolymers of tetrafluoroethene or he
  • the conductive support may be made of any suitable conductive material.
  • Typical conductors include aluminum, steel, brass and paper and resin materials incorporating or coated with conductivity enhancing substances, e.g. vacuum-deposited metal, dispersed carbon black, graphite and conductive monomeric salts or a conductive polymer, e.g. a polymer containing quaternized nitrogen atoms as in Calgon Conductive polymer 261 (trade mark of Calgon Corporation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.A.) described in US-P 3,832,171.
  • the support may be in the form of a foil, web or be part of a drum.
  • An electrophotographic recording process comprises the steps of :
  • the development of the latent electrostatic image commonly occurs preferably with finely divided electrostatically attractable material, called toner particles that are attracted by Coulomb force to the electrostatic charge pattern.
  • the toner development is a dry or liquid toner development known to those skilled in the art.
  • toner particles deposit on those areas of the charge carrying surface which are in positive-positive relation to the original image.
  • toner particles migrate and deposit on the recording surface areas which are in negative-positive image value relation to the original.
  • the areas discharged by photo-exposure obtain by induction through a properly biased developing electrode a charge of opposite charge sign with respect to the charge sign of the toner particles so that the toner becomes deposited in the photo-exposed areas that were discharged in the imagewise exposure (ref. : R.M. Schaffert "Electrophotography” - The Focal Press - London, New York, enlarged and revised edition 1975, p. 50-51 and T.P. Maclean "Electronic Imaging” Academic Press - London, 1979, p. 231).
  • electrostatic charging e.g. by corona
  • the imagewise photo-exposure proceed simultaneously.
  • Residual charge after toner development may be dissipated before starting a next copying cycle by overall exposure and/or alternating current corona treatment.
  • Recording materials according to the present invention depending on the spectral sensitivity of the photoconductive recording layer may be used in combination with all kinds of photon-radiation, e.g. light of the visible spectrum, infra-red light, near ultra-violet light and likewise X-rays when electron-positive hole pairs can be formed by said radiation in the recording layer.
  • photon-radiation e.g. light of the visible spectrum, infra-red light, near ultra-violet light and likewise X-rays when electron-positive hole pairs can be formed by said radiation in the recording layer.
  • they can be used in combination with incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, laser light sources or light emitting diodes by proper choice of the spectral sensitivity of the charge generating substance or mixtures thereof.
  • the toner image obtained may be fixed onto the recording material or may be transferred to a receptor material to form thereon after fixing the final visible image.
  • a recording material according to the present invention showing a particularly low fatigue effect can be used in recording apparatus operating with rapidly following copying cycles including the sequential steps of overall charging, imagewise exposing, toner development and toner transfer to a receptor element.
  • the evaluations of electrophotographic properties determined on the recording materials of the following examples relate to the performance of the recording materials in an electrophotographic process with a reusable photoreceptor.
  • the measurements of the performance characteristics were carried out as follows :
  • the photoconductive recording sheet material was mounted with its conductive backing on an aluminium drum which was earthed and to which the conductive backing had been connected.
  • the drum was rotated at a circumferential speed of 5 cm/s and the recording material sequentially charged with a positive corona at a voltage of +4,6 kV operating with a corona current of about 1 ⁇ A per cm of corona wire, exposed (simulating image-wise exposure) with monochromatic light obtained from a monochromator positioned at the circumference of the drum at an angle of 45° with respect to the corona source for 400 ms, the voltage measured with an electrometer probe positioned at an angle of 180° with respect to the corona source and finally post-exposed with a halogen lamp producing 54,000 mJ/m2 positioned at an angle of 270° with respect to the corona source before starting a new copying cycle.
  • Each measurement consisted of 40 copying cycles with the exposure being changed every 5 copying cycles by using a constant light intensity (I o ) initially using no light attenuating filter, and thereupon sequentially a filter with an optical density of 0.5, a filter with an optical density of 1.0, filters with a total optical density of 1.5, a filter with an optical density of 2.0, filters with a total optical density of 2.5, filters with a total optical density of 3.0 and finally a shutter to shut off the exposing light. This gives the discharges for 8 predetermined exposures.
  • I o constant light intensity
  • the photoconductive recording sheet material is mounted on an aluminium drum as described above.
  • the drum was rotated at a circumferential speed of 2 cm/s and the recording material sequentially charged with a positive corona at a voltage of +4.3 kV operating with a corona current of about 0.5 ⁇ A per cm of corona wire, exposed (simulating image-wise exposure) with monochromatic light obtained from a monochromator positioned at the circumference of the drum at an angle of 40° with respect to the corona source for 500 ms, the voltage measured with an electrometer probe positioned at an angle of 90° with respect to the corona source and finally post-exposed with a halogen lamp producing 2,000 mJ/m2 positioned at an angle of 300° with respect to the corona source before starting a new copying cycle.
  • Each measurement consisted of a single copying cycle in which a density disc with continuously varying optical density from an optical density of 0 to an optical density of 2.1 over a sector of 210° was rotated in front of the monochromator synchronously with the rotation of the drum with the surface potential being measured every degree of rotation. This gives the discharges for 360 predetermined exposures and hence a complete sensitometric curve, whereas the routine measurement only gives 8 points on that curve.
  • the recording material fatigue was determined using the same configuration as for the routine sensitometric measurement, but in this case at a specific exposure. 100 Copying cycles were carried out in which 10 cycles without monochromatic light exposure were alternated with 5 cycles with monochromatic light exposure.
  • the charging level (CL) was taken as the average charging level over the 90th to 100th cycle.
  • the % discharge is defined as : wherein RP is the average residual potential over the 85th to 90th cycle.
  • the fatigue F can be calculated as the difference in residual potential in volts between said RP and the average residual potential over the 10th to 15th cycle.
  • the charging level CL is only dependent upon the thickness of the charge transport layer and its specific resistivity.
  • CL expressed in volts should be preferably ⁇ 30 d, where d is the total thickness in um of the combined photosensitive and protective layers.
  • Said dispersion was prepared by first predispersing the X-metal-free phthalocyanine with 5% by weight of the aromatic polycarbonate MAKROLON CD 2000 (registered trade mark) [P1] in the final formulation in dichloromethane for 20 minutes in a pearl mill.
  • the balance of the aromatic polycarbonate, the required quantity of the charge transport material specified in Table 1, the required quantity of a polyester adhesion-promoting additive DYNAPOL L206 (registered trade mark) [P2] and the balance of dichloromethane were then added and the resulting mixture mixed for a further 5 minutes in a pearl mill.
  • the characteristics of the thus obtained photosensitive recording materials were determined as described above.
  • the sensitivity to monochromatic 650 nm light exposure is expressed as the ⁇ % discharge at an exposure (I650t) of 26.4 mJ/m2 and the steepness of the discharge-exposure dependence is expressed as the % discharge observed between exposures (I650t) of 8.35 mJ/m2 and 26.4 mJ/m2, a factor of 3.16 difference in exposure.
  • Table 1 The sensitometric curve determined for the photoconductor of Example 10 using the refined technique is shown in Figure 1. TABLE 1 Example no. X-phthalocyanine conc. [wt %] CTM CTM-conc. [wt %] P1 conc.
  • the photosensitive recording materials of Examples 11 to 17 were prepared as described for Examples 1 to 10 and their compositions are given in Table 2.
  • the characteristics of the thus obtained photosensitive recording materials were determined as described above.
  • the sensitivity to monochromatic 650 nm light exposure is expressed as the % discharge at an exposure (I650t) of 83.5 mJ/m2 and the steepness of the discharge-exposure dependence is expressed as the ⁇ % discharge observed between exposures (I650t) of 26.4 mJ/m2 and 83.5 mJ/m2, a factor of 3.16 difference in exposure.
  • the results are given in Table 2.
  • the sensitometric curves for the photoconductors of Examples 12, 13 and 17 determined using the refined technique are shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4 respectively. TABLE 2
  • a 100 ⁇ m thick polyester film precoated with a vacuum-deposited conductive layer of aluminium was doctor blade coated with a dispersion of 15 wt % of the Beta-form of copper phthalocyanine (C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3) in a solution of 0.1 wt % of o-chloranil, 76.4 wt % of the aromatic polycarbonate MAKROLON CD 2000 (registered trade mark) and 8.5 wt % of a polyester adhesion-promoting additive DYNAPOL L 206 (registered trade mark) in dichloromethane (40.49 g copper phthalocyanine).
  • Said dispersion was prepared by mixing the ingredients together with the dichloromethane for 15 minutes in a pearl mill. This dispersion was cast without further dilution with dichloromethane and the resulting 12 ⁇ m thick layer was dried for 15 h at 50 °C.
  • the photosensitive recording materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were prepared as described for Examples 1 to 10.
  • compositions of the recording layers containing n-conducting pigments and n-conducting charge transport materials are given in Table 3.
  • the photosensitive recording material of Example 19 was produced by first doctor blade coating a 100 ⁇ m thick polyester film precoated with a vacuum-deposited conductive layer of aluminium with a 3 % solution of ⁇ -aminopropyl-triethoxy silane in aqueous methanol. After evaporating the solvent and curing the resulting adhesion/blocking layer at 100 °C for 30 minutes, the adhesion/blocking layer was overcoated with a dispersion of charge generating pigment containing charge transport material.
  • Said dispersion was prepared by mixing 1 g of the ⁇ -form of metal-free phthalocyanine, 0.0002 g of o-chloranil, 0.85 g of aromatic polycarbonate MAKROLON CD 2000 (registered trade mark) and 23.70 g of dichloromethane for 15 minutes in a pearl mill. 4.81 g of MAKROLON CD 2000 (registered trade mark) and 13.11 g of dichloromethane were then added and the resulting mixture was mixed for a further 5 minutes to produce the composition and viscosity for casting. The photosensitive layer was then dried for 16 hours at 50 °C and had in dry state a thickness of 11 ⁇ m.
  • the characteristics of the thus obtained photosensitive recording material were determined as described above.
  • the sensitivity to monochromatic 650 nm light exposure is expressed as the % discharge at an exposure (I650t) of 83.5 mJ/m2 and the steepness of the discharge-exposure dependence is expressed as the ⁇ % discharge observed between exposures (I650t) of 26.4 mJ/m2 and 83.5 mJ/m2, a factor of 3.16 difference in exposure.
  • the photosensitive recording material of Example 20 was prepared as described for Examples 1 to 10 with the difference however, that the recording layer consisted of 10 wt % of ⁇ -metal-free phthalocyanine, 2.5 wt % of phenanthraquinone, 78.75 wt % of the aromatic polycarbonate MAKROLON CD 2000 (registered trade mark) and 8.75 wt % of a polyester adhesion-promoting additive DYNAPOL L206 (registered trade mark).
  • the photosensitive recording material of Example 21 was prepared as described for Examples 1 to 10 with the difference however, that the recording layer consisted of 15 wt % of the ⁇ -form of copper phthalocyanine (C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3), 1 wt % of 2,2-dimethylindan-1,3-dione, 75.6 wt % of the aromatic polycarbonate MAKROLON CD 2000 (registered trade mark) and 8.4 wt % of a polyester adhesion promoting additive DYNAPOL L206 (registered trade mark).
  • the recording layer consisted of 15 wt % of the ⁇ -form of copper phthalocyanine (C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3), 1 wt % of 2,2-dimethylindan-1,3-dione, 75.6 wt % of the aromatic polycarbonate MAKROLON CD 2000 (registered trade mark) and 8.4 wt % of a polyester adhesion promoting additive DYNAPOL L206
  • the photosensitive recording material of Example 22 was prepared as described for Examples 1 to 10 with the difference however, that the recording layer consisted of 15 wt % of the ⁇ -form of copper phthalocyanine (C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3), 1 wt % of 1-dicyanomethylene-2,2-dimethylindan-1,3-dione, 75.6 wt % of the aromatic polycarbonate MAKROLON CD 2000 (registered trade mark) and 8.4 wt % of a polyester adhesion promoting additive DYNAPOL L206 (registered trade mark).
  • the recording layer consisted of 15 wt % of the ⁇ -form of copper phthalocyanine (C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3), 1 wt % of 1-dicyanomethylene-2,2-dimethylindan-1,3-dione, 75.6 wt % of the aromatic polycarbonate MAKROLON CD 2000 (registered trade mark) and 8.4 wt % of a
  • the photosensitive recording material of Example 23 was prepared as described for Examples 1 to 10 with the difference however, that the recording layer consisted of 8 wt % of the ⁇ -form of metal-free phthalocyanine, 2.5 wt % of phenanthraquinone, 80.5 wt % of the aromatic polycarbonate MAKROLON CD 2000 (registered trade mark) and 9.0 wt % of a polyester adhesion promoting additive DYNAPOL L206 (registered trade mark).
  • the layer thickness was 15 ⁇ m.
  • the photosensitive recording material of Example 24 was prepared as described for Examples 1 to 10 with the difference however, that the recording layer consisted of 5 wt % of the ⁇ -form of metal-free phthalocyanine, 2.5 wt % of phenanthraquinone, 83.25 wt % of the aromatic polycarbonate MAKROLON CD 2000 (registered trade mark) and 9.25 wt % of a polyester adhesion promoting additive DYNAPOL L206 (registered trade mark).
  • the layer thickness was 16 ⁇ m.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
EP90201423A 1989-06-16 1990-06-05 Elektrophotographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial Withdrawn EP0402980A1 (de)

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EP89201573 1989-06-16
EP89201573 1989-06-16

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0534004A1 (de) * 1991-09-24 1993-03-31 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Lichtempfindliches Aufzeichnungsmaterial
EP0537808A1 (de) * 1991-09-24 1993-04-21 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Lichtempfindliches Aufzeichnungsmaterial
EP0572727A1 (de) * 1992-06-04 1993-12-08 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Lichtempfindliches Aufzeichnungsmaterial

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JP2910615B2 (ja) * 1995-04-11 1999-06-23 三菱電機株式会社 電子写真用感光体およびその製造方法
JP2967724B2 (ja) * 1995-07-25 1999-10-25 富士ゼロックス株式会社 電子写真感光体及び電子写真装置
US6002901A (en) * 1995-07-25 1999-12-14 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic apparatus
JPH1069109A (ja) * 1996-06-19 1998-03-10 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd 電子写真感光体及び電子写真装置
US6020426A (en) * 1996-11-01 2000-02-01 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Charge-transporting copolymer, method of forming charge-transporting copolymer, electrophotographic photosensitive body, and electrophotographic device

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GB1101391A (en) * 1964-05-30 1968-01-31 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electrophotographic material
DE2108963A1 (en) * 1971-02-25 1972-08-31 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic plate used in xerography
CH589875A5 (en) * 1971-02-25 1977-07-15 Xerox Corp Polyurethane solns - contg lithium halide or sodium iodide additives,form uniformly microporous films
EP0237953A2 (de) * 1986-03-14 1987-09-23 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Lichtempfindliches Element für Elektrophotographie

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GB1101391A (en) * 1964-05-30 1968-01-31 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electrophotographic material
DE2108963A1 (en) * 1971-02-25 1972-08-31 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic plate used in xerography
CH589875A5 (en) * 1971-02-25 1977-07-15 Xerox Corp Polyurethane solns - contg lithium halide or sodium iodide additives,form uniformly microporous films
EP0237953A2 (de) * 1986-03-14 1987-09-23 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Lichtempfindliches Element für Elektrophotographie

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0534004A1 (de) * 1991-09-24 1993-03-31 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Lichtempfindliches Aufzeichnungsmaterial
EP0537808A1 (de) * 1991-09-24 1993-04-21 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Lichtempfindliches Aufzeichnungsmaterial
EP0572727A1 (de) * 1992-06-04 1993-12-08 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Lichtempfindliches Aufzeichnungsmaterial

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0331849A (ja) 1991-02-12
JPH0331847A (ja) 1991-02-12
EP0402979A1 (de) 1990-12-19

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