EP0402367B1 - Aktives filter - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0402367B1
EP0402367B1 EP89902253A EP89902253A EP0402367B1 EP 0402367 B1 EP0402367 B1 EP 0402367B1 EP 89902253 A EP89902253 A EP 89902253A EP 89902253 A EP89902253 A EP 89902253A EP 0402367 B1 EP0402367 B1 EP 0402367B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
current
protective device
regulating circuit
input
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89902253A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0402367A1 (de
Inventor
Reinhard Kalfhaus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT89902253T priority Critical patent/ATE89439T1/de
Publication of EP0402367A1 publication Critical patent/EP0402367A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0402367B1 publication Critical patent/EP0402367B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/565—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
    • G05F1/569—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective device for a power converter such as a power supply unit, inverter or DC / DC converter with a voltage control circuit and a current control circuit which forms a current limiting device and is arranged in parallel or subordinate to the latter, and an actuator in the voltage and current control circuit which has a variable resistance value , the resistance value of which is changed as a function of the difference between the voltage present at the input of the protective device and the voltage present at the output of the protective device, the voltage control loop including a comparison device connected to a voltage setpoint generator and a voltage actual value transmitter, which is followed by a control amplifier, the Resistance value of the actuator can also be changed as a function of the input current derived from a shunt and supplied to the current control loop as an actual value.
  • a power converter such as a power supply unit, inverter or DC / DC converter with a voltage control circuit and a current control circuit which forms a current limiting device and is arranged in parallel or subordinate to the latter
  • a control device with the features described above is known from DE-A-36 26 088. This control device is intended to accelerate the build-up of the input voltage to its final value.
  • a power supply unit with a transformer-fed bridge rectifier, to the outputs of which a capacitor is connected.
  • the series connection of a Darlington transistor and a shunt is arranged between the rectifier and the power supply unit output.
  • the transistor is an actuator in a voltage control loop, which regulates the output voltage to a constant value.
  • the power supply contains a current limiting device which has a transistor which is connected in parallel with the base-emitter path to the shunt and whose collector is connected to the control input of the Darlington transistor.
  • the control input is also connected to an output of a differential amplifier, which works as a voltage setpoint and actual voltage comparator, and to an operating voltage source. Due to the non-linear characteristic of the transistor connected to the shunt, the current limitation starts at a certain limit, whereby the Darlington transistor receives less base current, so that its resistance value increases (US-A-3,671,852).
  • a protective device with a current limiting device which contains a fixed ohmic resistor and a transistor connected in parallel with it, which works as an adjustable resistor.
  • the emitter-collector path of a bipolar transistor is connected in parallel to two resistors arranged in series.
  • a further resistor is arranged in the emitter circuit of the transistor, through which the entire current fed into a power converter flows.
  • the further resistor is connected at its connection not connected to the emitter to the base of the transistor via two diodes arranged in series, which are further connected to an operating voltage source fed by the power converter, which is supplied with voltage by an auxiliary winding of the transformer of the power converter .
  • the capacitive input of the power converter is charged with a current limited by the resistance value via the fixed resistor until the transistor is controlled by a base current.
  • the transistor gradually saturates so that the majority of the current flows through the transistor. If undesired high voltages occur at the input of the protective device when the transistor is saturated, the increasing current increases the negative feedback voltage in the emitter circuit of the transistor.
  • the associated reduction in the base-emitter potential increases the resistance of the emitter-collector path, so that the emitter current in turn decreases (EP-A-0250 158).
  • the invention is based on the object of further developing a protective device of the type described at the outset in such a way that the power converter is protected against undesirably high voltages occurring at the input of the protective device.
  • the charging of an energy-storing and capacitive input of the power converter should also take place more quickly at the protective device even when the input voltages are below the nominal voltage.
  • the protective circuit is arranged in front of a power converter which is connected to an energy source via the series connection of the shunt and the actuator, and has a capacitive input with at least one capacitive element at which the actual value the voltage of the voltage control loop is tapped, the setpoint of the voltage control loop being set so high that the setpoint does not appear at the capacitive element of the power converter, even with minimum resistance of the actuator and maximum nominal input voltage, and the current setpoint of the current control loop the maximum permissible input current is set.
  • the resistance value preferably corresponds to the quotient of maximum permissible static nominal input voltage and the no - load current drawn by the power converter at this nominal input voltage, so that the charging current can be limited to a desired small value when the energy source is switched on.
  • the current control circuit - subordinate or connected in parallel - causes a current corresponding to the current setpoint to flow in the adjustable resistor.
  • the capacitor is therefore not only charged with the current flowing through the charging current limiting resistor, as a result of which the charging is accelerated.
  • a desired current profile can be achieved by coordinating the charging current limiting resistor and the current setpoint.
  • the setpoint of the voltage control loop is set so high that even with a minimum resistance of the transistor the maximum nominal input voltage is not sufficient so that the voltage setpoint is reached at the capacitive element of the power converter.
  • the adjustable resistance then has its lowest value at the nominal input voltage, which results in the lowest current heat losses. This has a favorable effect on the efficiency of the power converter such as the power supply. If the input voltage rises above the limit specified by the voltage setpoint, the control loop prevents the occurrence of high undesired voltages on the capacitive elements or the downstream circuits.
  • the input voltage can therefore e.g. accept the peak voltages permitted according to VDE or VG guidelines for the defined time, without inadmissibly high voltages occurring at the capacitor itself or the downstream circuits, especially the semiconductors.
  • An additional comparison device connected to the shunt is preferably connected to the control amplifier, which is followed by a further control amplifier, the output of which feeds the control electrode of the actuator designed as a transistor.
  • the protective device in which the protective device is supplied, in particular during autonomous operation, by its own voltage supply, which in turn is obtained from the nominal input voltage, it is provided that the protective device is switched to inactive in order to nonetheless prevent idling currents from the energy source to prevent existing operational readiness.
  • a switching regulator for generating a regulated direct voltage is connected to the capacitive load and contains a transformer which is provided with an auxiliary winding for generating the operating voltage for the regulating amplifiers in the regulating circuit of the protective device.
  • the switching regulator which can have a customary structure, only comes into operation at a certain minimum voltage at the capacitive load. This means that the protective device or its control circuit are only supplied with operating voltage when the switching regulator is working.
  • the charging current limiting resistor In the first time immediately after the nominal input voltage is applied, e.g. AC mains voltage or battery voltage, the charging current limiting resistor therefore determines the charging current of the capacitive element such as the capacitor alone.
  • the adjustable resistance only occurs when the control amplifiers have received their operating voltage, i.e. the transistor in operation.
  • the protective device can be supplied, in particular in the case of autonomous operation, by its own voltage supply, which in turn is obtained from the nominal input voltage.
  • an auxiliary voltage supplied to a chopper stage is fed from the supply voltage via the chopper stage and a transformer to the voltage current control circuit.
  • the current limiting resistor can be omitted and e.g. With a remote - controlled switch - off signal, the protective device can be switched inactive in order to prevent no - load currents from the energy source while the device is still ready for operation.
  • a remote control signal can be used to immediately switch both the supply voltage for the voltage current control circuit and the downstream power stage or power stages to inactive.
  • one proposal is characterized in that the chopper stage is switched on immediately via a remote control signal, and the power stage or power stages are switched on with a delay with a link to the minimum limit voltage.
  • the current control loop can be replaced by a plurality of current control loops connected in parallel and each having the actuator.
  • the invention is described with the aid of a power converter in the form of a power supply unit, without this being intended to impose a restriction.
  • a power supply unit for generating a DC voltage contains a rectifier (1), e.g. a full-wave rectifier, which is fed with its AC voltage inputs (2), (3) from the mains AC voltage.
  • the rectifier (1) is connected to the DC voltage outputs (4), (5) in each case to a charging current limiting resistor (6) and to the drain electrode of a field effect transistor (13), which has a drain-source path in series with a capacitive element (10), which is connected to the DC voltage output (5) of the rectifier (1).
  • a switching stage consisting of the switching transistor (7) designed as a field-effect transistor and the transformer (9) is connected in parallel with the capacitive element (10), the capacitive element (10) being used in particular for smoothing and energy storage of the rectified AC mains voltage.
  • a further rectifier (not shown in more detail) and smoothing devices are connected to the secondary winding (11) of the transformer (9) and feed a load.
  • the gate electrode of the field effect transistor (7) is connected to a control and regulating circuit (12) which actuates the field effect transistor (7) with pulse duration modulation in order to generate a regulated DC voltage at the output of the power supply.
  • the control and regulating circuit (12) forms a switching regulator with the transformer (9), the rectifier on the secondary side of the transformer (9) as well as with the smoothing means and a voltage actual value transmitter.
  • a transistor (13), preferably a field effect transistor, is arranged in series with a current sensor (a shunt) (14) as the adjustable resistor.
  • the control electrode of the transistor (13) is connected to a comparison device (16) which is connected to the current sensor (14) and via a resistor (17) to the output of another control amplifier (18).
  • a voltage limiting device (19) e.g. Zener diode (19) connected.
  • the control amplifier (18) is connected at its input to a comparison device (26) to which a voltage setpoint device (20), e.g. a Zener diode, and a resistor (21) which connects one electrode (reference point (32)) of the capacitive element (10).
  • the transformer (9) contains an auxiliary winding (22) which is arranged in series with a diode (23) which feeds a capacitor (24), from which the operating voltage for the control amplifiers (15), (18) is tapped .
  • the capacitor (24) is arranged parallel to the series connection of the auxiliary winding (22) and the diode (23), and has an electrode with the shunt (14) (reference number (30)) and the capacitive element (10) (reference number (31 )) in connection (potential in points (30) and (31) is the same).
  • the charging current limiting resistor (6) is of high impedance. It limits the inrush or inrush current of the AC line voltage when the maximum overvoltage value is applied. It is at a value which is as large as the current flowing into the capacitor when the power supply is idling. Charging the capacitive element (10) builds up a voltage that reaches a limit above which the control and regulating circuit (12) begins to function, the switching regulator starting to work by means of the field effect transistor (7). As a result, the control amplifiers (15), (18) are also supplied with operating voltage via the auxiliary winding (22), the diode (23) and the capacitor (24).
  • the nominal value of the voltage at the comparison device (26) corresponds to the maximum nominal input voltage.
  • the control amplifier (18) receives operating voltage, a high output DC voltage occurs at the control amplifier (18), which is set, for example, by means of the resistor (17) and the Zener diode (19) in such a way that it becomes a reference variable Current value corresponds.
  • This voltage which corresponds to the maximum permissible current value, has the effect via the comparison device (16) and the control amplifier (15) that the transistor (13) is turned on and regulates the maximum permissible current setpoint in the capacitive element (10) and the downstream circuits feeds in.
  • the transistor (13) has a resistance corresponding to the current setpoint.
  • the resistor (21), the voltage setpoint transmitter (20), the comparison device (26), the control amplifier (18), the resistor (17), the Zener diode (19), the comparison device (16) and the control amplifier (15 ) are components of the control circuit described above, which contains the transistor (13) as an actuator and, as a control variable, influences the voltage drop across the capacitor (10) or the current flowing through the shunt (14).
  • This control loop (Reference symbol (28)) contains a current control circuit (33) with the transistor (13) as an actuator, the current sensor (14) as a current actual value transmitter, the control amplifier (15) and the comparison device (16), and a voltage control circuit (34) with the voltage sensor ( 21) as a voltage actual value transmitter, the voltage setpoint transmitter (20), the control amplifier (18) and the comparison device (26).
  • the current and voltage control circuit (33) or (34) can also act directly (in parallel) on the actuator (13) with their respective output and not as shown.
  • the current flowing into the capacitive element (10) and the downstream circuits would increase indefinitely without the current control circuit (33).
  • the transistor (13) receives less control current or control voltage when the input voltage rises, as a result of which its resistance is increased, i. the current setpoint is retained because the actual voltage value remains lower than the voltage setpoint. This means that the voltage - If the voltage at the input rises even further, above the set voltage setpoint, the voltage falling across the capacitive element (10) is regulated, i.e. the downstream circuits do not receive a DC voltage that rises in the same way over the input voltage.
  • the voltage control loop (34) therefore limits the voltage at the capacitive element (10) to a value that is compatible with the system. High input voltages therefore cause voltage drops at the current limiting resistor (6) and at the adjustable resistor (13) connected in parallel with it. Therefore, the power supply can generate a regulated output voltage with secured functionality even with dynamic overvoltage.
  • a voltage limiting circuit (27) is expediently arranged parallel to the capacitive element (10), the response threshold of which is higher than the voltage setpoint (20) present at the comparison device (26).
  • This voltage limiting circuit (27) can protect the capacitive element at very high input voltages and the resulting current via the resistor (6) when the input voltage is too high and especially when the device is idling. It is advantageous if the value of the charging current limiting resistor corresponds to the quotient of the difference between the maximum permissible static overvoltage and the voltage setpoint at the capacitive element (10) and the no-load current of the power converter.
  • Fig. 2 the protective device described with reference to Fig. 1 is modified so that an autonomous mode of operation is possible. Apart from the charge current limiting resistor (6), the circuit elements and the structure of the circuit are otherwise preserved. To enable self-sufficient operation, an auxiliary voltage (36) is taken from the DC voltage outputs (4) and (5), which is fed to a chopper stage (37) and then via a transformer with the primary winding (35) in the Secondary winding (22) is fed. The function of the circuit according to FIG. 2 otherwise corresponds to that of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows the possibility of switching the power supply inactive or inhibit with an extremely low quiescent current.
  • a remote control signal (39) is fed to the chopper stage (37) and a logic stage (40) with a switch-on delay stage (41) which may be connected downstream.
  • the chopper stage (37) and thus the current voltage control loop (28) are activated immediately and the power stage (12) or several power stages connected in parallel are delayed (circuit (41)) via the AND link (40 ) activated.
  • the lower switch-on threshold (31), (32) of the power level is detected.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
EP89902253A 1988-02-10 1989-02-09 Aktives filter Expired - Lifetime EP0402367B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89902253T ATE89439T1 (de) 1988-02-10 1989-02-09 Aktives filter.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3804074A DE3804074A1 (de) 1988-02-10 1988-02-10 Aktives filter
DE3804074 1988-02-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0402367A1 EP0402367A1 (de) 1990-12-19
EP0402367B1 true EP0402367B1 (de) 1993-05-12

Family

ID=6347089

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89902253A Expired - Lifetime EP0402367B1 (de) 1988-02-10 1989-02-09 Aktives filter

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0402367B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3804074A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO1989007853A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19546132C2 (de) * 1995-12-11 2000-10-12 Berthold Fuld Schaltungsanordnung zum Schutz vor eingangsseitigem Überstrom bei Spannungszwischenkreisumrichtern
US7032051B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2006-04-18 Linear Technology Corp. Methods and circuitry for interconnecting data and clock busses of live backplane circuitry and input/output card circuitry, and methods and circuitry for isolating capacitanes of a live backplane from the capacitanes of at least one input/output card

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2634306B2 (ja) * 1990-08-08 1997-07-23 三菱電機株式会社 インバータ装置の駆動回路
DE4031505C2 (de) * 1990-10-05 1998-08-20 Telefunken Sendertechnik Gleichspannungs-Stromversorgung mit Einschaltstrombegrenzung
US6465909B1 (en) 2000-07-31 2002-10-15 Linear Technology Corporation Circuits and methods for controlling load sharing by multiple power supplies
US7489120B2 (en) * 2006-07-12 2009-02-10 Power Integrations, Inc. Method and apparatus for a high voltage power supply circuit

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1763885A1 (de) * 1968-08-30 1972-01-13 Fritz Walther Schaltungsanordnung zur Strombegrenzung einer Serienregelschaltung
DE2020034A1 (de) * 1970-04-24 1971-12-02 Zentro Elektrik Gmbh Strombegrenzungsschaltung fuer eine spannungsstabilisierte Stromversorgungseinrichtung
US3671852A (en) * 1971-09-01 1972-06-20 Hewlett Packard Co Series transistor power supply regulator
DE2359845C3 (de) * 1973-11-30 1979-06-07 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Schaltungsanordnung zur Konstanthaltung einer Gleichspannung
GB8615010D0 (en) * 1986-06-19 1986-07-23 Powertron Ltd Power supplies
DE3626088A1 (de) * 1986-07-31 1988-02-04 Philips Patentverwaltung Regeleinrichtung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19546132C2 (de) * 1995-12-11 2000-10-12 Berthold Fuld Schaltungsanordnung zum Schutz vor eingangsseitigem Überstrom bei Spannungszwischenkreisumrichtern
US7032051B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2006-04-18 Linear Technology Corp. Methods and circuitry for interconnecting data and clock busses of live backplane circuitry and input/output card circuitry, and methods and circuitry for isolating capacitanes of a live backplane from the capacitanes of at least one input/output card

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3804074A1 (de) 1989-08-24
WO1989007853A1 (en) 1989-08-24
EP0402367A1 (de) 1990-12-19
DE3804074C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-04-19
DE58904360D1 (de) 1993-06-17

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