EP0396590B1 - Procedure a suivre et dispositif pour la protection contre les catastrophes naturelles et la pollution - Google Patents

Procedure a suivre et dispositif pour la protection contre les catastrophes naturelles et la pollution Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0396590B1
EP0396590B1 EP89900818A EP89900818A EP0396590B1 EP 0396590 B1 EP0396590 B1 EP 0396590B1 EP 89900818 A EP89900818 A EP 89900818A EP 89900818 A EP89900818 A EP 89900818A EP 0396590 B1 EP0396590 B1 EP 0396590B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
alarm
vehicles
cpu
procedure according
disaster
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0396590A1 (fr
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Wilhelm Zwergel
Hans Spies
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Spies Hans
ZWERGEL, WILHELM
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/016—Personal emergency signalling and security systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B19/00—Alarms responsive to two or more different undesired or abnormal conditions, e.g. burglary and fire, abnormal temperature and abnormal rate of flow

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control method for disaster and environmental protection.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a guiding method and a device for carrying out the method for disaster and environmental protection, which makes it possible to avoid or reduce false alarms, to obtain an overview of the location, type and extent of what is happening as immediately as possible, as well as selecting the most suitable aid measures and bringing the most suitable aids to the scene of the accident as quickly as possible.
  • a major advantage of the invention is that due to the speed of the method and the maintenance of an overview of the disaster scenario by means of remote data transmission to a central Pro processor unit and processing / adaptation there, the highest decision-makers can be involved in the decision on aid measures and will not be limited to this in the future, for example, on the day after an accident, to guarantee unbureaucratic help for those affected.
  • the invention provides a largely automatic alarm, transmission errors in the alarm (human error) are excluded and the signals are received and processed with the aid of a central processor unit.
  • the invention provides a verification level for the alarm, this can be determined and displayed immediately with regard to the location, but possibly also according to its type / classification in a control center (CPU).
  • CPU control center
  • the method according to the invention provides for on-site clarification, for which purpose mostly known means of clarification can be used.
  • a key advantage is the automated selection and start of the same, centrally controlled.
  • Another important advantage of the invention is the computerized analysis of the accident or catastrophe and the creation of a computer menu based on stored information, in particular based on existing alarm plans that can be retrieved from external memories.
  • the computer menu then serves as a decision-making aid in a central office, in particular a regional or supra-regional control center (depending on the extent of the disaster).
  • the appropriate measures and aids are selected according to the computer menu and brought to the scene of the action as quickly as possible. If necessary. adapted additions / corrections can be made both with regard to aid measures and aids.
  • unmanned for example, remote-controlled vehicles of all kinds, for example controlled by a screen (with joy-stick), can be used. Aid workers do not have to work at risk to their health.
  • the cargo and its hazard class should generally be immediately detectable by the emergency services in the event of an accident or accident, in particular by means of a black box (with tachograph) that can be connected to the on-board computer and documents the accident and, if possible, contains it in an indestructible housing.
  • the invention provides for the alarm to be triggered automatically by radio using impact sensors 1 (crash or deceleration sensors), which are known per se in airbags for motor vehicles.
  • impact sensors 1 crash or deceleration sensors
  • Other possibilities of charge-specific leak sensors 3 arranged on the tank or cargo hold are provided in the alarm trigger circuit in order to point out and document possible sources of danger to the driver and the on-board computer, as well as heat sensors which are assigned to the wheels and / or brakes (e.g. black box).
  • the crash sensors are included 1 and force sensors for the coupling with trailer / semitrailer are designated 2 and 3 and an overpressure sensor on the tank is designated 4.
  • sensors such as Hall sensors 5 or the like can also be used. be provided which detect a rollover of the vehicle and are included in the evaluation and triggering circuit.
  • 6 is the on-board computer
  • 7 is a tachograph (black box)
  • 8 is the transmitter with antenna connected to both.
  • the sensor circuit advantageously also transmits the charge code stored in the computer and the tachograph in the event of an alarm so that rescue teams can specifically provide and use the extinguishing agents suitable for the charge.
  • FIG. 1b shows an automatic alarm device for an aircraft and FIG. 1d for a boat / ship.
  • the alarm can be triggered in an evaluation and trigger circuit with the aid of suitable threshold values, the threshold values being able to be determined by calculation or experiment; the same or similar circuits can be used as are customary in the airbag / belt tensioner system for motor vehicles.
  • the alarm is to be fed into an existing data transmission network with location code, for example ISDN network 26 (FIG.
  • the alarm can also and advantageously be triggered by devices which are laid in the roadway or facing the roadway edge or in the vicinity of the roadway.
  • the latter is particularly advantageous if the accident or disaster can be recorded in an existing traffic monitoring system, e.g. Television monitoring of the traffic flow at large crossroads in cities or from (highway) bridges and remote data transmission to a control center or induction loops, force sensors installed under the road surface, or in beacons next to it, light barriers, microphones, ultrasonic sensors that let you see when nothing is moving (indication for traffic jam / accident).
  • a vehicle from a fleet belonging to an association can also send the alarm to its own headquarters, e.g. Radio center of the OKI system, and then forward the alarm to a central control center 27.
  • the invention proposes to equip the vehicles themselves with a navigation or position detection device and, furthermore, that when the alarm is triggered and the alarm is sent or transmitted to a control center, the position, location identifier or the like is automatically added. is passed on to the recipient in the control center 27. If e.g. If a sensor 3 present on the vehicle has at the same time detected a leak or overheating, this is also automatically transmitted and thus a fire risk is signaled, which can also result from the location and surroundings.
  • the invention is followed by a centrally controlled verification stage, ie the alarm is checked independently and the check is initiated by the central computer (CPU).
  • CPU central computer
  • Fig. 2 in particular act with an antenna rotating about its axis 360 °, or radar controlled in the same or a similar manner.
  • Directional microphones with sound transmitters, transmitters and receivers for IR and / or UV rays or ultrasound are also aimed at the accident vehicle and their echoes (reflection) are measured during the check.
  • a relatively inexpensive captive balloon 11 can carry the sensor devices 18 and their remote data transmission device over open terrain.
  • a balloon 11 can also serve as a relay station.
  • reconnaissance means 10-16 are put into operation or started from the central computer 28 in order to obtain further information about location / area, type / classification and in particular the extent of the accident or the series of accidents or catastrophe.
  • the invention preferably uses: means for obtaining aerial images either from satellites 15 (if the area is large), aerial images from high and fast-flying aircraft 14, aerial images from slow-flying aircraft 13, helicopters 12 or balloons 11 or from nearby ones Emergency vehicles or cameras to be used on towers, high-rise buildings etc.
  • For aerial photography in particular television cameras or CCD image sensors (arrays) are used, the images of which, in a suitable manner, achieve high resolution and thus quality and can be transmitted over long distances (EDI).
  • the sensors are in turn known sensors of the aforementioned type, such as electromagnetic, electro-optical, electro-acoustic.
  • Reusable drones which are catapulted from a transportable launch device into the airspace, above the accident / disaster area, appear to be mainly suitable for the reconnaissance of the target area, either in a ballistic trajectory or remotely guided, since the device 17 shown in FIG. 3b contains a launch pad from which the missile 16 (drone) starts by remote control with its own drive.
  • Remote control can also be carried out using conventional means by radio, using the beacon method, or wired.
  • the target detection when approaching is shown in Fig.
  • the target recognition process can in particular use a known computer-controlled image comparison method according to FIG. 4c, in this case both images obtained from a TV or IR sensor can be processed and evaluated in real time (in MP) and images supplied by a millimeter-wave radar.
  • the image is first digitized and subjected to a fast Fourier transformation or a similar algorithm.
  • useful and interference signals are separated and the processing image is further processed. Since a disaster area is usually a flat target area, the processed image shows a series of zones that represent paths, buildings, rivers, etc.
  • a pattern recognition or surface correlation algorithm can compare these zones with a stored target catalog of the image processor.
  • patterns are recognized, they can be put together by the computer and provide a final confirmation that it is the searched target area or a damaged vehicle (of any kind) within the target area.
  • the known methods of image correlation, statistical correlation (computer recognition) and topological correlation are suitable for the image comparison methods.
  • the method to be used is selected according to the degree of destruction to be expected, because then stored patterns may also no longer be applicable, at least in part.
  • the extent of the destruction is particularly high, even the computational recognition should only offer a low probability of recognition and the image output 23 must take place after the remote data transmission in the control center 27 and be recorded there in order to draw the necessary conclusions from this in order to classify the accident, the catastrophe and theirs To allow extent, ie the recorded information must be output by the MP on the screen terminal 23 (Fig. 4b).
  • Several sensors from a seeker head 18 are preferably connected to a screen 23 via the data reduction stages 19-21 and signal evaluation processors 22.
  • the high-performance signal processors 22 shown in FIG. 4b can advantageously be used, which are connected to one another by a data network, in particular an optical fiber data bus, so that if one signal processor fails, the others are switched to the most important sensors 18 here e.g. Radar, Eloka, IR, commanded or other signals.
  • the data bus is in turn connected to a display processor 23 which displays the image of the disaster scenario obtained from the reconnaissance.
  • This is in turn advantageously stored in the central computer 28 and, if desired, can also be called up later.
  • 3d shows the frequency ranges of known sensors for seekers, as well as their weather-related damping.
  • FIG. 4 a shows, as much data as possible is collected for analysis and for generating a decision menu using analyzer 30, received by the reconnaissance device (s) in the air / atmosphere (FIG. 3a) and by means of terminals 24 in front of a ground station 25 and advantageously from there by cable (ISDN or LAN 26) or other existing networks, possibly by means of input terminals in the Control center 27 transmitted.
  • the reconnaissance device s
  • FIG. 3a shows, as much data as possible is collected for analysis and for generating a decision menu using analyzer 30, received by the reconnaissance device (s) in the air / atmosphere (FIG. 3a) and by means of terminals 24 in front of a ground station 25 and advantageously from there by cable (ISDN or LAN 26) or other existing networks, possibly by means of input terminals in the Control center 27 transmitted.
  • cable ISDN or LAN 26
  • the central computer 28 can only generate the declaration menu from the analysis of the catastrophe scenario in the analyzer 30 on the screen 29 if it is connected to a memory, in particular a reloadable memory 31, in the catastrophe alarm plans known or conceivable scenarios are stored and available.
  • the computer gains optimized possibilities which it displays, such as on the display 29 or screen of a terminal shown on the right in FIG. 5. He takes into account the extent of the on-site destruction, such as roads, paths or the like, and since he has saved the depots of the aids and rescue and emergency vehicles, including resources and people (helpers), he will propose measures to ensure the fastest possible Show usability considering routes and means of transport as well as their potential help).
  • a decision must be made by the head of operations and / or a top decision-maker at an intermediate stage, the latter especially if greater or better opportunities for rescuing humans and animals exist when more or better means are used.
  • a so-called "counter-checking" possibly with a pre-alarm for emergency physicians / clinics, can take place via possible auxiliary measures on a coprocessor or via a computer network with other processors or third-party experts or decision-makers.
  • the auxiliary measures are then advantageously issued which you have chosen and then the command can be carried out in three ways: manually, semi-automatically or automatically, this is advantageously specified in the command.
  • emergency vehicles (of all kinds) are then sent on the way to the scene of the accident in the most suitable way, either self-driving or remotely controlled or both.
  • the software of the CPU continues with the catastrophe type, for example atomic, biological, chemical, adapted program.
  • Auxiliary devices or aids that are not self-propelled can be transported, e.g. 7a with a cargo helicopter or other aircraft or a flying boat or hovercraft according to FIG. 7b.
  • the type of drive or power transmission or drives (auxiliary tools) in the set can then be changed or switched over if necessary, cf. Fig. 8a.
  • the emergency vehicles can be combined and rolled over in every respect, so that they can start again in any situation.
  • the emergency vehicles can have an autonomous orientation / navigation device, as described in connection with FIGS. 9 and 10 or can always be reoriented or located and guided or steered by means of a satellite navigation system (GPS).
  • GPS satellite navigation system
  • the emergency vehicles can advantageously use a heat shield or spray fluid fluids and / or with protective covers etc. to approach the scene of the accident / source of the fire and suitable extinguishing agents, especially from trailers (various) that are carried to combat splash of fire.
  • the source of the fire can in turn be detected and held using an IR sensor.
  • fighting may only be possible from a distance, with extinguishing agent grenades carried by the emergency vehicle, such as helicopters - see FIG. 2 - adapted and adapted to the fire class.
  • rescue baskets or other rescue equipment can be shot up on the outside of the buildings on ropes and anchored automatically with a double load (1st propulsion, 2nd anchoring) that is preferably adjusted in strength to the top of the floor on the top floor / roof.
  • a double load (1st propulsion, 2nd anchoring) that is preferably adjusted in strength to the top of the floor on the top floor / roof.
  • people to be rescued can be attached to a seat or the like that is connected to the rope, if necessary. abseil yourself.
  • helicopters can also be used that fly with so-called night vision devices (Fig. 2, right, center).
  • Example 2 differs from Example 1 essentially in that a high-rise fire, for example in a department store (Brussels case) has to be combated. The fire was accompanied by an explosion, possibly a gas explosion. There may be a risk of collapse.
  • a high-rise fire for example in a department store (Brussels case) has to be combated. The fire was accompanied by an explosion, possibly a gas explosion. There may be a risk of collapse.
  • the fire is first given automatically by a sprinkler system with ionization fire detector via fixed line 26 in FIG. 2 to the control center 27 (if necessary, automatically passed on by the fire department to this control center).
  • the alarm is verified from the nearest tower 10, which is provided with suitable sensors, in particular IR sensors 18 ', in order to verify the location and type of the catastrophe (major fire).
  • the clarification then takes place from a helicopter or other known vehicle by means of television cameras or other image sensors and remote data transmission of the clarification information to the control center 27.
  • the operations management or decision maker decides after the analysis carried out by the central computer in the control center and the associated decision menu has been displayed and makes the operational commands, which are carried out immediately in one of the above three modes.
  • the auxiliary measures and the auxiliary means for use can be selected as in example 1 or similar.
  • helicopters or the like can possibly be rescued over the roof of the high-rise building, in particular since the helicopter can fly despite smoke by carrying IR or night vision devices on board and using them during the approach and, if necessary, other smoke-penetrating phase-modulated (lasers -) emits and receives rays and thus obtains a (rough - see Fig.
  • Example 3 Airplane crash (like Ramstein, Remscheid)
  • the alarm is triggered by impact sensors 1 operating in the millisecond range and thus by means of a trigger circuit connected to transmitter 8.
  • a radar sensor 9 in particular a phase-controlled radar (FIG. 1c and 1d), have reported a too low height / distance (and possibly a too low speed from the on-board computer 6) to the closest tower / control center or command center, at the same time with the current position (shortly before the crash / collision).
  • suitable fire-fighting measures are taken as quickly as possible, in particular because a long search for the crash site is avoided (particularly important if the crash site is in rough terrain).
  • a ship is shown, which is also subject to a collision or an accident and how the aircraft according to Fig. 1c is equipped so that the alarm is detected and then the disaster scenario is determined and analyzed and decisions based on the computer generated decision menus are made.
  • the computer automatically asks for a possible loading of weapon types in the responsible command center. Flying boats are preferred for use.
  • Example 4 Nuclear accident with contamination of a relatively large area by a nuclear power plant (GAU).
  • GAU nuclear power plant
  • the alarm is triggered automatically by the built-in alarm system when there is a certain temperature increase in a cooling circuit, in particular in the primary circuit, or in or outside the containment on the reactor base and / or with a certain pressure increase in the containment of the reactor.
  • the alarm is then automatically forwarded to the central control center 27 (rescue control center) (DFÜ 26).
  • the next step is to verify the alarm directly at the nuclear power plant by calling or by radio or the like.
  • the computer now analyzes on the basis of the information and generates a decision menu after weighting / adaptation (30), taking particular account of the atomic contamination of the disaster area, the alarm plans from the external memory (31) also providing evacuation measures.
  • the means to be used according to the selected aid program such as vehicles (FIG. 6) and their equipment (s), are advantageously unmanned or remote-controlled in the end section of the route, e.g. via fiber optic cables, so as not to endanger people to be used (helpers).
  • Fire grenades are fired from the vehicle from a distance. Fire grenades with a sensor 18 ⁇ in the search head that responds to the radioactive radiation (center) are preferred.
  • Example 5 Chemical accident of a chemical transporter with the danger of poison gas development and fire (case in the district of Miesbach).
  • the alarm is preferably given here as in example 1. The same applies to the verification of the alarm.
  • Unmanned reconnaissance aids are sent to the scene of the accident, in particular drones, balloons or the like.
  • the tools After analyzing the information and generating a decision menu on the central computer, the tools, such as vehicles with equipment for vacuuming and clearing, are put on the way so that penetration into the ground and the environment is avoided. Suction, clearing can be done in the trailer vehicles of the emergency vehicles.
  • a contaminated soil is advantageously cleared using vehicles such as those used for mine clearance in the military sector.
  • the corresponding emergency vehicle must therefore have a far-reaching robot arm or similar. e.g. with coulters, screw conveyor or similar have, preferably in such a way that the clearing of the upper soil layers, which are contaminated, can be carried out immediately and completely, also fully automatically, in the interchangeable trailers provided.
  • a laboratory kit carried by the emergency vehicle constantly determines chemicals and chemical content in the air, water and soil (the same applies to biological contamination).
  • Example 6 Earthquake (Armenia) Landslide (Turkey) Avalanches and similar accidents (bridge collapse, dam break, high-rise collapse).
  • the alarm is automatically sent to a control center due to the built-in trigger circuit with strain gauges or with seismographic detection with location information.
  • the verification of the alarm is sensible from the air with the help of satellite images, airplanes, helicopters, balloons or the like.
  • Heavy recovery vehicles can be called up from the computer from far away and then flown in.
  • Emergency vehicles can use satellite navigation GPS or autonomous navigation to approach the disaster area and its core by looking for their own ways away from destroyed roads, since they do not compare their position with those of previously striking buildings or the like. Can count points. Earth column or similar it is necessary to overcome or to bypass. Tracked vehicles have an advantage, see the example according to FIG. 6.
  • the heavy device can be flown in with flying cranes (aircraft up to 150 t), V / STOL, helicopters, see FIG. 7a.
  • Air cushion vehicles with a high load capacity are also suitable, see FIG. 7b. It is essential that it is immediately necessary to at least partially replace the lost infrastructure, ie it must be provided that the means of transport mentioned or vehicles such as tractors or tractors be used to drop container units in the disaster area, in particular for the establishment of communication here, radio, telephone, etc., Containers for own power supply, emergency power generators, wind and solar energy generation systems, containers for drinking water production from industrial or waste water, possibly also cooling containers for blood / plasma / expander etc. and containers for clean or breathing air production, containers or tents for operations or other medical supplies, catering tents, sleeping tents etc. (can be set down with a parachute), see Fig. 8b to 8d.
  • the means of transport must be able to be coupled and set down as easily as possible with the various containers.
  • Settling can take place on fixed legs or on wheels which can be rotated through 360 ° - as shown in FIGS. 8b to 8d, at least partially.
  • the emergency vehicles (including station wagons) should be as versatile as possible, ie ideally combinable with the drive unit and for required tools and required power transmission devices, such as chains, runners, legs or the like. - See Fig. 8a - including walking machines) cannot be equipped / connected.
  • the alarm should always come from a seismograph or similar vibration-sensitive sensor devices.
  • the invention proposes the use of spreading containers for tents, parcels, among other things, with an automatic ejection device and / or on parachutes, as are known from military technology.
  • Example 7 Floods The alarm is generated automatically by liquid level monitoring devices installed in dams or in the area of gauges, which send an alarm signal to the central control center when exceeded.
  • Verification is carried out by checking (querying) at several points with level measurement.
  • Shores or dams can be scanned and measured using laser beams, e.g. when flying over or driving over, - the latter as far as possible.
  • the computer After clarifying the extent of the flood and damage analyzed the computer receives the received information and generates a decision menu, with the help of which the operational commands are issued.
  • Recovery vehicles with runners can be used like flying boats on water and ice. So-called. Bridge layers as tracked vehicles that lay a folded bridge forward are advantageous emergency vehicles, of course also a suitable number of pushers. Tracked vehicles can drive up and down embankments more easily. A hovercraft can also be used over unknown water surfaces. At critical points, buoys can be used for alarms, communications, etc. be dropped.
  • the measure according to the invention measures a signal distribution in accordance with radiation lobes (partial areas) and at the same time measures height information (distance relative to the emergency vehicle and / or - see FIG 11 and 12 - reconnaissance means), which is assigned to the measured height / depth, also a recognition of the target area / location is possible in this way.
  • the computer / processor can work incrementally and adaptively. He / she is continuously informed about vehicle movements, among other things. measured data supplied and evaluated.
  • location or change of location or path or vehicle movement data in the respectively desired area can be obtained in a wide variety of ways and fed to the computer (s), for example with the aid of tachometers by integrating, acceleration, path and / or speedometers.
  • Deviations from an intended direction or angle in azimuth - e.g. from the north-south direction as a reference or compared to a "straight line" start / finish from an area map - can be easily and precisely determined by magnet and compass or fiber gyroscope (ring laser) and / or changes in steering angle compared to the higher initial value.
  • magnet and compass or fiber gyroscope ring laser
  • Entering a destination is not absolutely necessary. It is more important to be able to determine and display an exact new position after a journey / change of location. Previously unknown obstacles such as destruction can force unwanted course corrections. If, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the driver can see his new location and the ideal direction for a further journey in the terrain as an arrow starting from the new location, he can be shown on a display with a cartographic section of a desired area, independently of others Measures such as decide the desired type of circumvention of an obstacle, or be guided remotely.
  • the invention can advantageously be used both as an orientation aid, guide device, power steering aid or autopilot.
  • a sensor 406 for detecting terrain characteristics is installed in the front of a vehicle. These are, for example, from an active sensor scanned when driving over, including an area in front of the vehicle in the direction of travel, preferably up to about 50 m away.
  • the installation location of the sensor can be varied depending on the desired application. The same applies to the angle of inclination (elevation) and the angle to the direction of travel (in azimuth).
  • One or more transmitters and receivers for electromagnetic waves, such as light are preferably accommodated in a common sensor housing. Preference is given by temporal keying and / or corresponding mapping, e.g. by means of beams, which split the radiation backscattered from the terrain into at least two partial areas. Then these subareas are separated and evaluated in one or more signal processing units by the difference between their respective terms.
  • the beams can also overlap in whole or in part, an overlapping area, e.g. Spots between two circles, e.g. serve to adjust the optical device if it e.g. with pulsed light like laser beams work. Infrared radiation can of course also be used.
  • the sensor is selected depending on the intended use day / night, black / white or thermal image and range.
  • the received signal before or after the differentiation can also be divided into consecutive time segments.
  • two or more time-gated reception gates can be provided with integrators and differentiating circuit.
  • the amplitudes of the light pulses are visible over the distance ⁇ of time. Almost smooth signals correspond to the essentially flat area of the terrain. A deepening and an increase is in the associated peakes recognizable. A vegetation (bush) generates signals with the corresponding amplitude shape.
  • a device for recognizing terrain characteristics works with a passive sensor.
  • a device according to the invention can contain both an active sensor and a passive one, which increases the precision and the reliability of the detection.
  • a sensor 18 is e.g. 11 installed in a tracked vehicle in such a way that when it passes over the hilly, partly. overgrown terrain in its lane with the direction of travel receives radiation from the terrain, which is measured and evaluated radiometrically (e.g. in degrees Kelvin). This results in a signal curve corresponding to the terrain.
  • the (temperature) distribution mainly depends on the hydrographic and geological nature of the area and its vegetation.
  • the measured (temperature) values are compared with a strip corresponding to the scanning of the road in the reference map in the coordinate system xy (pole coordinates) in a correlator as part of the processor 308.
  • the values from the reference map for example temperature or local heights, are digitally onboard in 405 saved.
  • a chip with a high integration density and storage capacity and a computer structure with fast access times, fast ⁇ P with so-called pipeline correlator connections so that when evaluating a carriageway trajectory in 403 a large number of point-to-point operations, for example during scanning, are used a card are possible, as with infrared sensor scene matching or combined with other sensors, in particular for area, scene, image (thermal image, night) and signature recognition Pattern recognition (in the scenario) can be used.
  • the comparison of the measured data with the stored data is advantageously carried out in a unit with a microprocessor, as is shown schematically in FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • a microprocessor as is shown schematically in FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • one or more types of maps 301 and 302 can be stored, from the simple area map (in azimuth x-y) to a topographic map with elevations (elevation, z-axis) to thermographic and others. Appropriate number of reference cards for the area.
  • 303 a terrain sensor or more of the above Designated type, with 304 a sensor for the travel movement, distance, acceleration, deceleration and / or speed, with 305 a sensor for the direction of travel, e.g. of angular deviations.
  • the signal utilization and evaluation takes place in the microprocessor 308, reference being made to the block diagram according to FIG. 10 for an explanation of the function.
  • the processor advantageously has an input 306 for start and / or destination and an output 307 e.g. graphically represented on a (sub) area map - with symbols - on.
  • the processor-controlled function runs as follows:
  • selected data such as default trajectory, location data, acceleration, etc.
  • selected data are transmitted via an interface 401. fed.
  • a short-term memory 402 for measured value deviations, in particular from the default trajectory, is connected to this via a data bus in order to enable adaptation.
  • module 406 denotes a read-only memory for signatures - road environment profiles and their deviations, such as elevations, depressions, vegetation, etc. Its values are correlated in module 406, which serves as a signal processing and evaluation unit connected to the terrain detection sensor.
  • All components are preferably part of an integrated circuit.
  • Module 406 connects a receiver A and B as a sensor for the backscattered energy and a transmitter A and B for light pulses in particular in a manner known per se. Both laser light pulses and IR radiation can be used, the latter when low noise is important.
  • the processor according to FIG. 10 is capable of learning to determine usable useful signals and uses its read-only memory to adapt it to certain terrain conditions, depending on the nature of an area. However, the area in question should not only concern an area of water, because only its bank (transition) can be seen.
  • the processor can also be a co-processor of a CPU or similar computer-controlled device.
  • the processor can also be a co-processor of a CPU or similar computer-controlled device.
  • orientation position determination
  • the information should both be saved and displayed, e.g. in the form of digital coordinate information or similar reference numbers which divide a map into linearly interpolatable and incrementally processable sections or point division.
  • a device known per se for measuring the earth's magnetic field and / or a fiber gyroscope (ring laser) can be used.
  • the steering angle stops can also be integrated starting from the starting point and the distance traveled, possibly the distance to a destination and angular deviation can be determined, for example as Deviation from the original air line for the direction of travel, deviation from the north-south or east-west direction or latitude / longitude, difference between local area codes, local heights and other characteristics.
  • This dead reckoning enables an accurate and safe position display after a change of location if the above-mentioned at the starting point Codes and / or symbols, e.g. were entered from a map at the entry 306. With satellite navigation (GPS) this is not necessary. Satellite radar and communication can also be replaced for all purposes of the invention.
  • GPS satellite navigation
  • any deviation from the ideal course can be determined by this ideal course being indicated by a (light) arrow on the cartographic output 307.
  • the driver can safely choose a new route despite unforeseen events, such as obstacles due to devastation, or have it made by remote control after remote display, even unmanned, e.g. by radio or by means of fiber optics.
  • the invention is not only suitable for all kinds of emergency vehicles but also for reconnaissance and for self-sufficient orientation in mostly unknown, difficult terrain; it can generally be used as a guidance and steering aid or device, even as an autopilot and for remote-controlled emergency vehicles or mobile carriers of devices, e.g. Robots. Remote control is advantageously only carried out on the last stretch of the route.
  • Parts of data acquisition, storage and transmission units, servo, steering aids and control devices can if desired - at least temporarily - also be arranged outside a vehicle.
  • a computer network is expedient in the event of major disasters (network), also between control centers including command or measuring points, alarm detectors and other information sources.
  • External storage eg via Depots, resources, alarm plans must always be updated and kept available on the central computer.
  • the emergency vehicles according to FIG. 6 can be easily upgraded on conventional chain chassis and drives depending on the intended use - manned with a protected cabin -, remotely steerable or autonomously driven with a diesel engine, gas engine, gas turbine and / or electric motors or hybrid drive (including accumulators or from metal hydride storage) depending on whether there is a fire risk or not.
  • the cabin and / or sensor 18 can be raised in a known manner - also remotely - see FIG. 6.
  • the robotic equipment, auxiliary tools and aids for fire fighting, clearing, suction etc. can be laid out or extended or telescoped in advance by electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic means . Communication of the emergency vehicles with the control center and if necessary with each other must be ensured.
  • Emergency vehicles and / or means of transport are land / air / water vehicles and combination vehicles also for verification and / or reconnaissance, in particular flying-wing aircraft, rotary-wing aircraft, tilt-wing aircraft / rotors, swivel-wing aircraft / rotors, aircraft for short and vertical takeoff and landing V / STOL with marching and lifting or swiveling engines (hot or cold, jet and / or blower as well as jet deflection), sports aircraft, ultralight aircraft, gliders (with auxiliary motor), (outboard) motor boats, amphibious vehicles.
  • flying-wing aircraft rotary-wing aircraft, tilt-wing aircraft / rotors, swivel-wing aircraft / rotors, aircraft for short and vertical takeoff and landing V / STOL with marching and lifting or swiveling engines (hot or cold, jet and / or blower as well as jet deflection), sports aircraft, ultralight aircraft, gliders (with auxiliary motor), (outboard) motor boats, amphibious vehicles
  • An important advantage of the invention is the automatic alarming, with the control of the sensors (multi-sensors as in FIG. 4b) and their triggering circuits that can be carried out from time to time from a control center by querying (sequentially, in parallel) from the central control center 27. A query or check is also carried out if one or more sensors fail. Depending on the weather or other environmental conditions, the sensors can be used / activated in the search head 18 (day / night, fog, smoke, etc.). Every alarm, however brief, is automatically registered. An SOS transmitter in the "black box" continues to transmit after the accident.
  • the verification and clarification means according to FIGS. 1d, 2 and 3 including large radar systems (phase locked array) and satellites provide quick decision aids.
  • the information can also be reactivated / queried by the computer after the CPU has run to supplement / correct and monitor the auxiliary measures and, if necessary, an additional menu can be generated.
  • the emergency vehicles of a uniform basic type can be upgraded and equipped on site. They have external dimensions ⁇ standard containers and can be automatically docked onto such suitable means of transport (lifting, pulling, pushing) - see also Fig. 8b to 8d.
  • the containers / vehicles are airworthy because they are quickly on site e.g. for shock treatment / injuries and, if necessary, further transport in special clinics by V / STOL or similar must be available.
  • the cabin in the vehicle according to FIG. 6 is only necessary when manned.
  • the central tubular, elevatable support structure (for the search head 18) is then only extended to the desired height. It has an external thread or similar. and serves as a movement spindle for a cabin that can be moved up and down independently for personnel.
  • the basic unit / type thus represents a universal motor device for a wide variety of aids / tools, including pump and other units.
  • a universal motor means a multi-fuel motor / drive and hybrid drive. If necessary / desired, he and / or the vehicle can be remotely controlled / steered on site in the final phase of the journey.
  • the equipment also includes various trailers etc. - see Fig. 8 - depending on the disaster, including reloadable launchers for fire grenades and cables / ropes.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Navigation (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de guidage pour la protection contre les catastrophes naturelles et la protection de l'environnement avec l'aide d'un système de traitement de données qui comprend un réseau de processeurs de données qui sont en communication mutuelle à l'intérieur du réseau,
       caractérisé en ce que le réseau comprend :
    - une unité centrale à processeur/CPU (28) qui est reliée à une unité d'entrée (Récepteur) et à une unité de sortie (Emetteur);
    - que les informations sur une alarme (telle que le temps, le lieu ou la caractéristique de l'événement) sont données à l'unité d'entrée dans la CPU (28) pour la saisie et l'enregistrement automatiques (fig. 5);
    - qu'une vérification/contrôle des informations reçues sur l'alarme est déclenchée par l'unité centrale à processeur CPU/(28), la véracité ou la fausseté desdites informations étant établie;
    - que les moyens de vérification (fig. n°2) et/ou de renseignement (fig. 3a) sont sélectionnés selon la nature ou la classification de l'alarme et activés de manière centralisée et commandés par l'unité centrale à processeur/CPU (28) dans le but d'obtenir des informations sur l'ampleur des évènements de sorte que seules les informations (images) du ou des capteurs d'enregistrement (d'image) (dans 18) choisis soient retransmises à la centrale (27) par transmission à distance ou télémétrie (26) et qu'un traitement (d'images) par le processeur (22 sur fig. 4b) et un affichage (directement sur l'écran 23) ou une mise en mémoire (d'images) soit effectué;
    - un analyseur (30) relié à une unité centrale à processeur/CPU pour l'exploitation des informations obtenues et à des mémoires externes (31) par un bus de données commun, de manière qu'un menu de décisions approprié à l'événement (scénario catastrophe) soit établi et que l'unité de sortie (émetteur) reliée à l'unité centrale à processeur/CPU (28) fournisse par transmission de données à distance (par exemple fig. 2 ou fig. 4) à des récepteurs externes des données d'instruction (d'engagement), conformément au programme choisi dans le menu de décisions.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé par le fait que les moyens de vérification (par exemple figure 2) activés après la réception de l'alarme par l'unité centrale à processeur/CPU (28) sont indépendants (séparés) des moyens de transmission de l'alarme (fig. 1a à 1d) à la centrale (27).
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé par le fait qu'un degré intermédiaire est inséré en tant que "counter checking" après l'analyse par le calculateur avec l'aide de l'analyseur (30) et affichage du menu des décisions sur une unité d'affichage (29), le cas échéant, en commun avec une préalarme d'auxiliaires et que le déclenchement des programmes de secours choisis, correspondant à la situation, n'est effectué qu'après, selon trois "modes" mécanique, semi-automatique ou automatique.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'alarme est déclenchée par au moins un capteur de déclenchement, de préférence plusieurs capteurs qui font partie d'un circuit d'exploitation et de déclenchement (circuit avec valeur de seuil), un non respect des valeurs de seuil, comme un franchissement par le haut ou par le bas, retransmettant l'alarme automatiquement à une centrale (27), notamment par transmission de données à distance ou télémétrie (26), réseau filaire ou radio (24, 25).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisée par le fait que, lors d'une classification "grande catastrophe" immédiatement reconnaissable, l'alarme est retransmise par une centrale (27) à une centrale (avec coprocesseurs) supérieure (suprarégionale) de préférence automatiquement par une transmission de données à distance.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait que les moyens de vérification (10) de l'alarme sont des unités de traitement de signaux (de lecture et de retransmission) fixes dans l'espace qui occupent des positions élevées (par exemple sommet d'une tour) et les capteurs d'enregistrement (par exemple capteur d'images, radars etc...) sont activables de manière centralisée pour le scénario.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait que les moyens de renseignement (10 à 16) sont des unités situées en hauteur (10,11,15) ou mobiles en altitude (12,13,14, 16) de préférence des capteurs d'enregistrement de scénario, mobiles, sur un porteur, une plate-forme, comme des unités de capteur d'images et de transmission, qui peuvent être amenés, notamment par des véhicules aériens, terrestres ou maritimes (ou véhicules combinés) dans une position d'enregistrement (téléguidée) située en hauteur et retransmettent les enregistrements pour exploitation dans la centrale.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait qu'après qu'un programme de secours ait été choisi dans une centrale ou à un appareil périphérique (terminal) avec unité d'affichage (29) dans le menu de décisions généré et après évaluation et décision de la mesure de secours la plus efficace, les moyens de secours correspondants (fig. 6, fig. 8) sont envoyés de la manière la plus appropriée (fig. 7) à l'endroit de l'accident/catastrophe moyennant l'émission de données d'instruction selon le programme choisi du CPU (28).
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait que les moyens de renseignement (11, 12, 13, 16) ou les véhicules d'appoint (fig. 6) disponibles (10, 15) ou envoyés sur le lieu de l'accident/catastrophe par émission de données d'instructions, selon le programme choisi du CPU (28), sont des véhicules avec ou sans équipage (de type quelconque) y compris télécommandés qui présentent des moyens de localisation/navigation (fig. 9 à 12) pour l'orientation/localisation et/ou la détermination du trajet également dans des terrains ou des constructions dévastés, détruits affaissés recouverts.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait que le ou les moyens (18) pour le renseignement (le cas échéant pour la vérification) est/sont combinés avec des véhicules d'appoint (fig. 6) et/ou avec leur équipement(s), chaque fois indépendamment transportables ou véhiculables (tous moyens de transport et figures 7a et 7b) et peuvent être mis en oeuvre par émission de données d'instructions selon le programme choisi du CPU (28).
  11. Procédé de guidage selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait que les satellites du système de positionnement global (GPS) sont incorporés dans le réseau et que les véhicules ou les centrales présentent des récepteurs pour signaux de satellite afin de pouvoir faire partout une localisation d'un véhicule dans un secteur d'alarme ou de catastrophe.
  12. Procédé de guidage selon la revendication 11 caractérisé par le fait que les véhicules emportent, en plus d'un récepteur pour les signaux de satellite du système de positionnement global (GPS) également un calculateur qui permet au véhicule d'établir un écart par rapport à une référence (point de repère) pour une localisation propre, précise et sûre et de l'insérer dans le procédé de localisation.
EP89900818A 1988-01-27 1988-12-21 Procedure a suivre et dispositif pour la protection contre les catastrophes naturelles et la pollution Revoked EP0396590B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3802337 1988-01-27
DE3802337A DE3802337C1 (fr) 1988-01-27 1988-01-27
PCT/EP1988/001186 WO1989007304A1 (fr) 1988-01-27 1988-12-21 Procedure a suivre et dispositif pour la protection contre les catastrophes naturelles et la pollution

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EP0396590B1 true EP0396590B1 (fr) 1994-11-30

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EP (1) EP0396590B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH03502142A (fr)
AT (1) ATE114849T1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO1989007304A1 (fr)

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DE3852317D1 (de) 1995-01-12
DE3802337C1 (fr) 1989-07-13
WO1989007304A1 (fr) 1989-08-10
ATE114849T1 (de) 1994-12-15
JPH03502142A (ja) 1991-05-16
EP0396590A1 (fr) 1990-11-14

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