EP0394233A1

EP0394233A1 - Device for preparation of materials.

Info

Publication number: EP0394233A1
Application number: EP88903739A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Georg L Kemetter
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1987-05-19
Filing date: 1988-05-11
Publication date: 1990-10-31
Anticipated expiration: 2008-05-11
Also published as: US5078327A; JPH0638922B2; DK160462B; FI87741B; DK578089D0; JPH02504358A; FI87741C; WO1988009211A1; FI895371A0; AU1710688A; AT390210B; ATA127787A; DE3874546D1; DK160462C; AU604327B2; EP0394233B1; DK578089A

Abstract

Un dispositif de préparation, notamment la réduction des dimensions, la filtration, le tamisage ou le criblage de matériaux tels que pierres, minérais, argile, matériaux en vrac, poudres agglomérées ou similaires, comprend au moins deux outils (1, 2) ayant une surface (3) à section transversale au moins partiellement cylindrique. Les deux outils (1, 2) sont soutenus sur des mandrins (4) essentiellement horizontaux. Au moins un outil est mis en mouvement par un mécanisme d'entraînement de façon à décrire un mouvement oscillant vers l'extérieur et vers l'intérieur autour du mandrin qui le soutient. La surface cylindrique (3) d'au moins un outil comprend uniquement sur sa partie supérieure un dispositif réducteur préliminaire formé par des nervures en saillies (7) ou similaires, sa partie inférieure étant lisse, c'est-à-dire dépourvue de saillies.A device for the preparation, in particular the reduction in size, filtration, sieving or screening of materials such as stones, minerals, clay, bulk materials, agglomerated powders or the like, comprises at least two tools (1, 2) having a surface (3) with at least partially cylindrical cross-section. The two tools (1, 2) are supported on essentially horizontal mandrels (4). At least one tool is moved by a drive mechanism to oscillate outward and inward about the chuck which supports it. The cylindrical surface (3) of at least one tool comprises only on its upper part a preliminary reducing device formed by projecting ribs (7) or the like, its lower part being smooth, that is to say devoid of projections .

Description

Device for processing materials

The invention relates to a device for processing, in particular for crushing, filtering or classifying materials such as stone, ores, clay, bulk materials, agglomerated powder or the like, with at least two tools having at least partially a circular cylindrical surface, which are based on d

Circular arc centers arranged, essentially horizontal axis and can be moved by, preferably hydraulic, drive means such that at least one of the tools has an oscillating

Performs upward-downward movement about its axis, the top being between opposite circular cylindrical surfaces

Tools a pull-in wedge for the material to be processed is provided i and the circular cylindrical surface of at least one tool is provided with protruding crushing devices.

Such a device for crushing bulky waste is already known from DE-OS 27 58 042.

So far, mainly crushing hard rock, so-called jaw crushers and for fine crushing or grinding so-called cone or gyratory crushers, i.e. devices that exert a squeezing and pressing effect on the rock material, have been used for crushing hard rock is relatively low. The degree of comminution with these devices, however, is relatively low. For the comminution of relatively soft material, such as limestone without silicate inclusions, high-speed impact and hammer mills are also used with good success, which have a much better degree of comminution in one pass than the aforementioned jaw crushers and cone or gyro crushers, but their wear values from a certain material hardness rise so quickly that the advantages achieved are canceled out by an excessive expenditure on maintenance and wearing parts.

Various perforated plate systems are normally used for filtering clay, for example, in the brick industry, or for removing stones, pieces of wood, iron parts and other foreign bodies from the clay before further processing into brick. The clay is pressed through the filter plate with the help of transport screws under pressure. The foreign bodies remain on the screw side and are separated using various methods. Another method is to enter the It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for processing materials, in particular for crushing rock and ores, for filtering clay or similar materials, for sieving powder with a certain moisture content or agglomerated, and for classifying rock material or the like. to create, which has an excellent mode of operation with a relatively low design effort with little wear. To solve this problem, the invention proposes that, starting from a device of the type described at the beginning, the circular cylindrical surface of at least one tool, teeth, cams, ledges or the like protruding only in the upper part. has and in the lower part, in which the two tools are opposite each other during their movement, is smooth, that is, without protruding projections.

By the teeth, cams, strips or the like provided in the upper part of the circular cylindrical surface of the tools. the materials to be processed are comminuted to such an extent that the processing of these materials, that is to say the complete comminution, for example, can only take place between the smoothly formed lower parts of the circular cylindrical surfaces of the tools by pressure and crushing. Due to the fact that at least one of the tools performs an oscillating upward-downward movement about its axis, those material particles which are not yet of the required size for processing in the lower part are conveyed back and shifted, and thus in a different position, the teeth, cams , Strips or the like presented so that they are subjected to a further pre-comminution until such particles can also be processed. Those particles which are not comminuted to the desired size can, as will be explained in more detail below, be removed. If the device according to the invention is used for comminuting materials, the degree of comminution is thus substantially increased in one pass compared to the known methods, so that the desired processing can usually be achieved with a smaller number of devices connected in series.

If, for example, clay material or similar material is to be filtered, then according to the invention an opening is provided on the lower part of the circular cylindrical surface of at least one tool Filter plate provided. That through the teeth, cams, strips or the like. In this case, pre-shredded material is squeezed through the filter plate and thus filtered.

If agglomerated bulk goods or bulk goods with a certain moisture content are to be screened, then according to the invention a screen coating is provided on the lower part of the circular cylindrical surface of at least one tool. The lumps and conglomerates present in the bulk material are here by means of teeth, cams, strips or the like. pre-crushed so that a perfect screening takes place. In many cases, this makes it possible to sieve a bulk material with a certain moisture content without predrying.

A cleaning brush which cooperates with the screen covering, preferably rotating or oscillating, is expediently provided in the feed wedge, by means of which a clogging of the screen openings is prevented.

Both when designing the lower part of the tool having a circular cylindrical surface as a filter plate and when designing as a screen covering, it is advantageous if the lower part of the circular cylindrical surface of the opposite tool is designed to be elastically flexible. In this case, foreign bodies, which cannot pass through the holes in the filter plate or screen covering, are pressed down and separated out due to the elastic, resilient design of the tool, without the need for an expansion of the gap between the two tools, so that the Material supply to the device according to the invention can take place continuously and it is not necessary to shut down the device to remove the foreign bodies. In addition, this design prevents damage to the filter plate or the screen covering, and the wear on these parts is thus significantly reduced.

In order to make this tool resilient, according to a further feature of the invention it can consist of a hose filled with compressed air, for example a car tire.

The teeth, cams, strips or the like protruding from the circular cylindrical surface are expediently, preferably hydraulically, adjustable and / or their position relative to the circular cylindrical surface can be changed. This training has the advantages that the position of the teeth, cams, strips or the like. to be processed at αss - Material can be adjusted so that, for example, the angle of attack of these parts can be changed depending on whether the material particles to be processed contain large-volume parts, but above all that if these parts wear through the adjustment ~ the original condition, in particular the original plunge area between the parts of the interacting tools can be restored, so that an exchange of these parts only has to be carried out at longer intervals.

According to the teeth, cams, strips or the like protruding from the circular cylindrical surface. be exchangeably fastened so that when these devices wear, they can be easily replaced.

In order to achieve the desired effect, it is not absolutely necessary for both tools to perform an oscillating upward and downward movement. A constructional simplification of the device according to the invention is possible in that only one of the two tools executes an upward-downward movement oscillating about the bearing axis, while the other tool performs a rotational movement. According to the invention, at least one of the two tools can be movably mounted on this bearing axis in addition to its oscillating or rotating movement about the bearing axis. This creates a kind of rotating grinding effect, through which the preparation of the materials and the cubicity of the product can be significantly improved. According to a further feature of the invention, at least one of the two tools can be mounted displaceably in the direction of the other tool, so that the space between the circular cylindrical surfaces of the two tools can be changed. By enlarging this space, the device can be used for classifying tasks when larger and harder material inclusions get into this space, the processing of which is not possible at pressures for which the device according to the invention is designed.

It is advantageous if, in order to adapt to the material composition or material properties that change during the preparation process, the size of the space between the two tools, the relative speed of the tools, their rhythm and distance traveled, as well as the synchronization and counter-rotation of these tools by a computer control depending on between the two Tools occurring pressure and / or controlled by the power consumed by the drive of the tools. If, for example, a maximum pressure is set in the computer control, the space between the two tools is increased when harder materials get into this space, which then, for example when using the device according to the invention, for classifying or crushing rock material through the space pass through and can be easily removed as a result. If the pressure drops again afterwards, the gap will automatically decrease. The computer control not only allows the size of the space between the two tools to be adjusted, but also the speed at which both tools move, their rhythm, the distance traveled, as well as the parallel and opposite movement of the tools, to the respective conditions fully automatically . Instead of the pressure, the power consumed by the drive of the tools can also be used for control. Pressure and power can be easily measured using a measuring device and entered into the computer control.

In particular when the device according to the invention is used for screening moist materials, it is expedient if at least one of the two tools, especially the one whose lower part is designed as a screen covering, is heated. This also prevents clogging of the screen openings, since the material is dried by heating in the area of these screen openings. In addition, contact drying of the materials to be processed can be achieved by heating the grinding surfaces.

A design which is favorable in terms of construction results when several tools interacting in pairs are provided according to the invention, two tools: adjacent pairs being connected to one another via an arm which is mounted on an essentially horizontal axis and which lies in the coincident center of the circular arc the surface of these two tools, which has a circular cylindrical cross section, is arranged. As a result, several tools can be assembled side by side in a small space, and when one tool of a tool pair moves downward, the tool of the adjacent tool pair connected via the arm moves upward. The drive of these two tools is simplified in terms of construction and the energy expenditure is reduced. In addition, maintenance is simplified in this embodiment and reserve units can be used quickly.

In the drawing, the invention is explained schematically using exemplary embodiments. Fig.l shows a device according to the invention for crushing rock materials in side view, with the housing being omitted. 2 shows in a corresponding representation a device according to the invention for filtering clay materials and FIG. 3 for screening moist materials. FIG. 4 shows a modified embodiment of a device according to the invention with three pairs of tools.

The device shown in Fig.l has two tools 1, 2, the mutually facing surfaces 3 of which are circular-cylindrical. These tools 1, 2 are mounted on axes 4, which lie in the cylinder axis. Each of the two tools is connected to an extension 5, a hydraulically actuatable piston-cylinder arrangement acting on each extension 5, by means of which an upward and downward movement of the two tools oscillating about the axes 4 is brought about. The relative movement of the two tools can be different, so both tools can move up and down at the same speed and in the same direction, but the movement can also take place at different speeds, one of the two tools also being able to stand still, e.g. during the exchange of wear parts on the outside, i.e. the device then continues to operate with lower power even during this phase and it is finally also possible for the tools to move in opposite directions.

To control the movement of the tools 1, 2, a computer control is preferably provided which, depending on a control variable, for example the pressure, the drive power consumed or the size and / or shape of the particles of the material to be processed, changes the movement sequence of the two Tools. This computer control can thus automatically control the space between the two tools, the relative speed of the tools, as well as synchronization or counter-rotation. For example, the pressure in the piston-cylinder arrangements 6 can be used as a control variable.

The circular cylindrical surface 3 of the two tools 1, 2 is different in the upper and lower part. In the upper part are protruding strips 7 or the like in the embodiment according to FIG. provided, the lower part of the circular cylindrical surface 3 is substantially smooth, that is, without projections.

The material supplied via the feed wedge 8 provided between the opposing circular cylindrical surfaces 3 is first shredded by the strips 7 and crushed during the downward movement of the two tools 1 and thereby crushed to the desired grain size, whereupon it falls down into a silo (not shown). The material that has not yet been comminuted to the desired grain size is conveyed back upward when the two tools move upward and loosened and rearranged and subjected to a further processing by the strips 7 before it is conveyed down again during the subsequent downward movement of the tools. This significantly improves the degree of comminution compared to a known roller crusher.

One of the two axes 4 can be arranged displaceably in one direction (double arrow 9) relative to the other axis, so that the distance between the two circular-cylindrical surfaces 3 can thereby be changed. As a result, this distance can not only be adapted to the materials to be treated or to the desired grain size, but it also gives the possibility of changing this distance at short notice, also controlled by the computer control, in order to make it harder Material inclusions or foreign bodies to be separated out by the space between the tools or to prevent damage to the device. This makes it possible in many cases to dispense with complex magnetic separation or detector devices above the material feed belts. At least one of the two tools can also be mounted so that it can move about its axis 4 in the axial direction, so that this tool also moves in the axial direction in addition to its rotational movement about the axis 4. This creates a kind of broaching effect and improves the preparation of the material.

The strips 7 can be exchangeably fastened on the surfaces 3, urr: to allow easy interchangeability in the event of wear.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, on the lower part of the surface of the tool 1 there is a perforated filter plate lύ vαroesenen. The factory - Tool 2 consists of an elastically resilient material, for example of a solid rubber or of a car tire filled with compressed air.

E n part of the surface 3 of this tool 2, which with the

Filter plate 10 does not come into contact, but is rigid and consists, for example, of a metal ring surrounding the solid rubber ring or car tire, which is approximately U-shaped in cross section and made of metal, to which the projecting strips 7 are fastened. These strips 7 contain clay clods contained in the clay material supplied via the feed wedge 8,

Lumps of ice, stones or the like pre-comminuted, as far as such pre-comminution is possible. Subsequently, the clay material by means of the resiliently designed surface 3 of the

Tool 2 pressed through the filter plate 10. Those

Components of the clay material, wεlcne through the holes in the filter plate

10 cannot penetrate, in particular stones and other foreign bodies 12, are conveyed downward as a result of the elastic formation of the surface of the tool 2 and are therefore eliminated.

The clay passing through the openings of the filter plate 10 reaches a space 13 in the tool 1 behind the filter plate, from where it is discharged. In Fig.3 a device is to ^** . Sieving a bulk material with a certain moisture content is shown. In this device, a screen 13 is provided on the lower part of the circular cylindrical surface 3 of both tools 1, 2. The bulk material fed in via the feed wedge 8 is screened through the screen covering 18 into the space 1 behind it, depending on their hardness, conglomerates are either crushed by the strips 7 and also pass through the openings of the screen covering 18 or they become narrow set the lower nip is crushed before they pass the screen 18.

It is also possible to arrange a screen covering 18 only on the surface of one of the two tools and to form the surface of the other tool without screen openings.

The protruding ledges 7, which are also provided in this embodiment, are also pre-shredded due to the moisture content of the clods forming the bulk material, before the bulk material is pressed through the sieve openings.

It is expedient, at least, to bake at least one cereal sieve covering in order to reduce the clogging of the openings as a moist portion of the shake cut. To ^{- *} , clsicnen Zwsc; cieπt an IΓ Eιnzuαsκcιl b εnπ-- arranged cleaning brush 15, which interacts with the sieve sheets and rotates or oscillates and thereby exposes the sieve openings.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, several tools 1, 2, 1 ', 2', 1 ", 2" interacting in pairs are provided. In each case two tools 2, 1 'and 2', 1 "adjacent pairs are connected to one another via an arm 16 and 16 ', respectively, which is mounted on an essentially horizontal axis 17 and 17', respectively, in the coincident center of the circle The surface 3 of these tools has a circular-cylindrical cross section. Three pairs of tools are shown in the drawing. However, only two pairs of tools or more than three pairs of tools can also be provided.

An embodiment is also possible in which two tools are connected to one another via an arm, but only one counter tool interacts with one of these tools. This design has the advantage that the replacement of the wear parts is considerably simplified, since these are freely accessible on the tool connected to the arm, which does not interact with a counter tool. After replacing the wear parts, the arm is rotated by 180 °, so that the tool provided with the replaced wear parts now interacts with the tool.

Claims

Claims:

1. Device for processing, in particular for crushing, filtering, sieving or classifying materials, such as stone, ores, clay, bulk goods, agglomerated powder or the like, with at least two tools which have at least partially a circular cylindrical surface and which are in arranged around the center of the arc, essentially horizontal axes and movable by, preferably hydraulic, drive devices in such a way that at least one of the tools executes an oscillating upward-downward movement about its axis, with the top between the opposing circular cylindrical surfaces Both tools are provided with a pull-in wedge for the material to be prepared, and the circular cylindrical surface is provided with at least one tool with protruding crushing devices, so that the circular cylindrical surface (3) of at least one tool euges (1,2) only in the upper part protruding teeth, cams, strips (7) or the like. and is formed in the lower part, in which the two tools are opposite each other during their movement, smooth, that is to say without protruding projections. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at the lower part of the circular cylindrical surface (3) at least one tool (1, 2) is provided with a filter plate (10) provided with openings.

3. Device according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeicnne that a Siebbεlag (18) is provided on the lower part of the circular cylindrical surface (3) of at least one tool.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that a cleaning brush (15) is provided in the pull-in wedge, which cooperates with the screen covering (18), preferably rotates or oscillates, preferably oscillating. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at the lower part of the circular cylindrical surface (3) of a tool (1 or) this is designed to be resilient.

C. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the tool (1 or) consists of a hose filled with compressed air, for example a car tire.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, dεcurcn gekennzeicnnet that the ICEN from the surface kreiszylinderför _^ (?). Abstehencεn teeth, squatting, Lei¬ sten (7) oα.dcl. Fixed To exchangeable ^g t :: sin. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth, cams, ledges (7) or the like protruding from the circular cylindrical surface, preferably hydraulically, are adjustable and / or are arranged in their position to be changeable to the circular cylindrical surface. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized gekennzεichnet that the circular cylindrical surface (3) aufweisεndε part of the tool (1,2) is attached to this interchangeably.

10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that only one (1) of the two tools (1, 2) has an oscillating upward-downward movement about the bearing axis (4), while the other tool (2) performs a rotational movement.

11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the two tools (1, 2) is mounted so as to be movable in the direction of this bearing axis in addition to its movement oscillating or rotating about the bearing axis (4).

12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the two tools (1, 2) is mounted displaceably in the direction of the respective other tool (arrow 9), so that the space between the circular cylindrical surfaces (3) two tools (1) can be changed.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, 11 or 12, characterized in that the size of the space between the two tools (1, 2), the relative speed of the tools (1, 2), their rhythm and distance traveled, as well as synchronism and running these tools (1, 2) can be controlled by a computer control depending on the pressure occurring between the two tools (1, 2) and / or on the power consumed by the drive of the tools (1, 2).

14. The device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that at least one of the two tools (1,2) is heated. 15. The device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that several, in pairs interacting tools (1,2,1 ', 2 ^r , l ", 2 ^ιr ) are provided, two tools of adjacent pairs via one Arn (18, 16 ') are connected to one another, which is mounted on an essentially horizontal axis (17, 17'), which is arranged in the collapsing circular arc center Dun.π.