EP0386165A1 - Materiau stratifie ou piece stratifiee comprenant une couche fonctionnelle, notamment une couche de glissement, appliquee sur une couche de support - Google Patents

Materiau stratifie ou piece stratifiee comprenant une couche fonctionnelle, notamment une couche de glissement, appliquee sur une couche de support

Info

Publication number
EP0386165A1
EP0386165A1 EP89904517A EP89904517A EP0386165A1 EP 0386165 A1 EP0386165 A1 EP 0386165A1 EP 89904517 A EP89904517 A EP 89904517A EP 89904517 A EP89904517 A EP 89904517A EP 0386165 A1 EP0386165 A1 EP 0386165A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
functional layer
plasma flame
layered
surface region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89904517A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erich Hodes
Ulrich Engel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Glyco AG
Original Assignee
Glyco AG
Glyco Metall Werke Daelen und Loos GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Glyco AG, Glyco Metall Werke Daelen und Loos GmbH filed Critical Glyco AG
Publication of EP0386165A1 publication Critical patent/EP0386165A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/20—Shaping by sintering pulverised material, e.g. powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/42—Coating surfaces by spraying the coating material, e.g. plasma spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/44—Coating surfaces by casting molten material on the substrate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/70—Coating surfaces by electroplating or electrolytic coating, e.g. anodising, galvanising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/80—Coating surfaces by powder coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
    • Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
    • Y10S148/903—Directly treated with high energy electromagnetic waves or particles, e.g. laser, electron beam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a layered material or a layered workpiece with a functional layer, in particular a sliding layer, applied to a carrier layer, with the structure of a solid but fusible dispersion with a matrix and at least one constituent dispersed in the matrix Matrix is insoluble or only soluble in less than the amount present, or with the structure of a mixture of constituents which can be used for tribological purposes, is firmly bonded, essentially meltable, and which consists of components which are not soluble in one another, or only in a smaller amount than present, possibly partially in a crystalline form.
  • Suitable coating materials or coating workpieces of this type preferably composite bearing or coating materials for manufacturing composite bearings, into consideration, where the functi ⁇ onstik performing sliding layer of a dispersion alloy, in particular lead bronze or aluminum / tin dispersion alloy or aluminum / consists lead dispersion alloy and on a the backing forming the bearing back, primarily a steel backing, is attached.
  • Composite plain bearings made of layer material of the steel / lead bronze type are of particular importance because of the high dynamic load capacity and the good running-in and emergency running properties of the lead bronze.
  • the bond between the steel carrier and the Bleibronzeaufguß is effected by a solid metallic bond between the primary-solidified from the molten copper crystal th and the ger Stahlträ ⁇ .
  • the formation of such copper crystals must therefore be
  • REPLACEMENT LEAF are pulled, which is achieved in practice by the measure that the steel for pouring the lead bronze is brought to a temperature of approx. 1100 ° C. which enables the diffusion bond between steel and copper crystallites and is kept at this temperature.
  • the structure of the lead bronze functional layer which is heterogeneous due to copper crystals and lead deposits, causes considerable functional disadvantages compared to a homogeneous functional layer structure.
  • EP 130 175 A2 and EP 130 176 A2 it is also known to form areas of different hardness in the tread in plain bearings by melting material components that harden in limited areas of the tread into the surface area of the tread, preferably using laser beams or electron beams. This results in a bearing running surface with areas of different hardness of the running layer, but not a surface coating which extends over the entire running surface in order to improve the functional properties, in particular the tribological properties, to the same extent on all parts and areas of the functional layer surface.
  • the object of the invention is to substantially improve layered materials or layered workpieces of the type specified at the outset in such a way that, on the one hand, a secure bond - if materially possible, a diffusion formation - between the carrier layer and the functional layer on its surface which performs the function is equipped with a structure which, compared to functional layers with conventional heterogeneous structure
  • the layer material or the layer workpieces should be able to be produced in a process which can be carried out safely without undue expenditure of time and equipment.
  • the layer material according to the invention or with the layer workpieces according to the invention in that the functional layer on its side facing away from the carrier layer has a thin, continuously closed surface region in which the dispersion or the mixture is melted and rapidly Cooling from the molten state has a structure refined compared to the remaining part of the functional layer with a finely divided distribution of the undissolved components.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the actual function of a functional layer, for example the tribological processes of a sliding layer, take place in a very thin surface region of the functional layer. Therefore, according to the invention, a structure refinement to achieve improved functional properties is to be limited according to the invention only to a thin surface region, while the functional layer is to have conventional crystalline form or dispersion form over most of its thickness. In this way, the functional layer in its region adjacent to a carrier layer can primarily be adjusted to the optimal bond with the carrier layer. Furthermore, the ability of good layer cohesion, desired layer toughness and pressure absorption capacity are determined by the structure in the middle layer area. For this purpose, the usual crystalline structure or dispersion structure has proven to be satisfactory.
  • the functional layer is therefore formed with regions of different structure, and indeed during its first production by pouring on or similar processes with a crystalline structure or dispersion structure which detects the binding region and the central region of the functional layer and a fine structure which detects a relatively thin surface region is adapted to the desired functional properties, for example with improved friction behavior, increased fatigue strength and similar properties.
  • a crystalline structure or dispersion structure which detects the binding region and the central region of the functional layer and a fine structure which detects a relatively thin surface region is adapted to the desired functional properties, for example with improved friction behavior, increased fatigue strength and similar properties.
  • the properties of a heterogeneous structure that are advantageous for binding the functional layer to the carrier layer are optimally utilized.
  • the pressure absorption capacity, the toughness and the internal cohesion of the functional layer are advantageously influenced by the heterogeneous structure, possibly including crystallized particles.
  • the functional layer can be adapted to practically any desired range of properties.
  • the thicknesses ⁇ can be used by additional retention ratio as a parameter of the layer portion with a heterogeneous structure to the layer portion with fine structure.
  • the surface region of the functional layer which has a refined structure can have a thickness between 50 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m.
  • applications are also conceivable in which it appears more expedient to form the surface region of the functional layer which is equipped with fine structure and has a locally varying thickness.
  • this can be considered in the case of plain bearings which, depending on their use, have a main load area. In this main load range thickened Ausbil ⁇ could dung of the fine structure having surface region are considered.
  • the functional layer can consist of a dispersion or a mixture with a matrix or a supporting mixture component based on one or more of the copper, aluminum, zinc, silver; and at least one dispersed or otherwise incorporated component based on one or more of the following substances in the form of fine particles: lead, tin, bismuth, indium, nickel, manganese, silicon, carbon (preferably in the form of metal such as Nickel, aluminum, copper
  • the metallic constituents of the dispersion forming the functional layer or the mixture can be alloyed with one or more additives from the following group of substances in a total amount of up to 2% by weight, preferably up to 0.5% by weight : Li, Na, Ca, Ba, Bi, Si, P, As, Sb, S, Se, Te, Zn, Ti, Zr, Ce, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Si + Zr, Si + Zr + S.
  • additives are known to bring about a structural refinement. However, it has been found that the influence of the cooling conditions is predominant over the influence of such additives. After all, the additives mentioned within the scope of the invention have the advantage that the structural transformation in the surface region of the functional layer by melting and extremely rapid cooling from the molten state also achieves a finer distribution of the undissolved constituents and the achievement of can be facilitated and made safer with the intended refined structure.
  • the functional layer which in such a case is the sliding layer, can preferably be formed from lead bronze, preferably of the composition CuPb22Sn, or lead tin bronze.
  • the invention can be used particularly advantageously in the case of such functional layers or sliding layers made of lead bronze and tin bronze because the dendritic structure of the lead bronze or tin bronze is eliminated by melting and immediately rapid cooling in a thin layer-like, continuously closed surface region and that Lead bronze or tin bronze maintains a structure that is significantly refined compared to the originally dentritic structure and is virtually frozen in this refined structure.
  • This "frozen" lead bronze or lead tin bronze, which is substantially refined in structure offers significantly improved sliding properties, in particular compared to tribological partners made of steel.
  • hard particles from the group of TiC, glass powder Si, N., WC, SiC, A1 ? be stored.
  • the surface region of the functional layer formed with a refined structure has hard particles based on Laves phases (AB ? ), Preferably of the MgCu type or of the MgZn, MgNi type, subsequently stored. where the radius ratio of the A atoms and B atoms of these Laves phases
  • the functional behavior of the functional particles can be determined by means of these hard particles subsequently embedded in the surface region of the functional layer.
  • Spare sheet further improve the layer in this surface region and, above all, adapt it to any desired function in an improved manner.
  • the abrasion resistance in the sliding layers forming the functional layer can be improved and adapted to the respective type of tribological partner, for example crankshafts made of steel and the like, which are produced in the die-casting process.
  • crankshafts made of steel and the like
  • the functional layer on its surface region formed with a refined structure can additionally be covered with a soft metallic overlay with a thickness between 10 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, preferably 12 ⁇ m to 24 ⁇ m.
  • this overlay can be designed as an inlay layer.
  • a diffusion barrier layer with a thickness of between approximately 2 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m can be provided between the overlay and the functional layer, this diffusion barrier layer in turn being based on the material composition in its material composition the overlay and the functional layer or sliding layer is adaptable and can be formed from one of the materials CuSn, CuZn, NiSn, NiCr, NiCo, Co, Ti, Ni.
  • the functional layer is formed from meltable dispersion or from a meltable mixture that can be used for tribological purposes by pouring on, spraying on or by powder metallurgical means on the carrier layer and, if appropriate, is compressed. Based on such a method, the invention is intended
  • the surface of the heterogeneous structure of the one or the other type which is formed by pouring, spraying or by powder metallurgy, is scanned with at least one plasma flame.
  • the plasma flame or the plasma flames With the plasma flame or the plasma flames, a steep temperature gradient between the small heated and melted material volume of the narrowly delimited area and the remaining layer material is produced in each case in a narrowly delimited area under high heating speed.
  • the plasma flame continues to move, the amount of heat absorbed in the narrowly delimited surface area is dissipated into the interior of the layer material and the critical cooling rate required to achieve a refined structure in the edge region near the surface is exceeded.
  • This process can be relatively simple and with the practice ⁇ -like feed speed advantage of the plasma flame with respect to the ⁇ treat perform the layer material or coating the workpiece.
  • the exposed surface region of the functional layer can be melted with a plasma flame in an air atmosphere. If the functional layer to be treated in the surface region contains material components which, when melted, tend to react strongly with constituents of the air atmosphere, in particular atmospheric oxygen, it is also possible to melt the exposed surface region of the functional layer by means of an inert gas, without too much effort, preferably argon-enveloped plasma flame can be carried out. In any case, it is recommended that the melting of the exposed surface region of the function ⁇ ons Mrs by such Plasmaflamrp p carry out than in the argon
  • Spare sheet Plas agas is used.
  • An improvement and development of this method can provide that the melting of the exposed surface region of the functional layer is carried out by means of a plasma flame and the use of an electric arc drawn through the plasma flame from the plasma torch to the surface of the functional layer.
  • Such plasma flame with a solid electric arc causes particularly rapid heating and melting of the respective small area in the exposed surface of the functional layer and thus not only opens up the possibility of relatively rapid advancement of the plasma flame with respect to the layer material to be treated and thus relatively quick execution of the process , but also the formation of a very high temperature gradient between the melted area in the surface region and the surrounding areas and parts of the functional layer.
  • the method according to the invention can be combined with the measure of particle injection into the treated surface region.
  • fine hard particles in the size between approximately 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 40 ⁇ m and 70 ⁇ m, are to be injected into the surface region of the functional layer melted with the plasma flame.
  • the hard particles to be injected into the melted surface region can be introduced into the plasma flame itself, provided that they are not melted by the plasma flame or are adversely affected in some other way.
  • Particle injection using hard particles based on Laves phases of type AB also offers a particular advantage ? , preferably with the radius ratio of the A atoms and B atoms
  • r A / r ß 1.225 for example Laves phases of the type MgC ⁇ or of the type MgZn ? , MgNi ? ,
  • the injection of hard particles based on Laves phases has proven to be extremely effective, particularly for the treatment of bearing materials and bearing workpieces.
  • a device is particularly suitable for the production of laminate material or laminate workpieces according to the invention, in which at least one plasma flame nozzle is juxtaposed with a carrier device for the laminate material to be treated or for laminate workpieces to be treated, the distance between the plasma flame nozzle and the carrier device being adjustable, furthermore with respect to the relative traveling direction of the plasma flame burner, a cooling device directed against the treated surface of the layer material placed on the carrier device or the layer work pieces placed there is arranged directly behind the latter.
  • the erfindu ⁇ gsdorfen device is achieved in that the completely one or more plasma flame is subjected to a layer material surface region to be treated or layer workpieces exactly according to a predetermined pattern of exposure to and the distance of the plasma flame nozzle from the surface of the work ⁇ material or the workpieces precisely adjustable is for the Einviers ⁇ intensity and the action depth of the plasma flame on therapnre ⁇ gion of the material or of the workpieces can be accurately set, on the one hand optimum reflow conditions, desired melt depth and optimum cooling conditions for the generated strictly limited molten bath are matched to one another. This creates conditions for very fast
  • the cooling device can be designed as a shower for liquid coolant, for example as a shower for liquid nitrogen.
  • the cooling device can be provided on the top with a screen, which is used on its peripheral edge to form a cavity on the treated surface of the layer material or the layer workpieces.
  • a plurality of plasma flame nozzles are combined to form a plasma flame burner for the treatment of strip-shaped layer material, which is designed as a beam extending across the strip of material to be treated.
  • the carrier device for the band-shaped layer material can be designed for the continuous transport of the material band under the beam-shaped plasma flame burner. Such a carrier device can then also be adjusted with respect to the transport speed of the material strip.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram for the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention in a perspective representation
  • Fig. 2 shows an apparatus of the invention schematically in lem Vertika ⁇ according to section;
  • FIG. 4 shows a micrograph-like section from another embodiment of the layered material according to the invention.
  • a plasma flame burner 11 is provided, which is provided with a plurality of plasma flame nozzles, of which only one plasma flame nozzle 12 is shown schematically in section in FIG. 2.
  • the plasma-flame burner is formed bark-like 11
  • the plasma flame burner 11 contains two rows of plasma flame nozzles arranged in a gap.
  • the fuel gas is supplied to the plasma flame burner 11 via a line 13.
  • a cooling device 14 is arranged behind the plasma flame burner 11 and is likewise designed in the manner of a shower bar 15 extending transversely across the band-shaped layer material. Cooling medium is supplied to this shower bar 15 via line 16.
  • the device 10 formed by the combination of plasma flame burner 11 and cooling device 14 is guided along the strip-shaped layer material 10 in the direction of arrow 17.
  • band-shaped laminate material 10 may also shift workpieces spielnger for the preparation of see tribological elements as Gleitla ⁇ gerschalen, prepared boards are arranged in a row and move the device 10 degrees.
  • the Behand ⁇ is averaging device 10 fixedly mounted, but the plasma flame nozzle 12 in the sense of the double arrow 18 in their distance 19 to the free Oberflä ⁇ the band-shaped laminate material 30 surface is adjustable.
  • the layer material ⁇ material 30 is in this example about idler support rollers 20 and support rollers 21 is exaggerated ⁇ performed, wherein only one frlau ⁇ Fende support roller 20 and a driven support roller 21 are shown respectively in FIG. 2
  • the driven support rollers 21 are opposed by pressure rollers 22, so that the strip-shaped layer material 30 is moved past the treatment device 10 in the direction of the arrow 23 at a constant speed v.
  • the plasma flame nozzle 12 in this example has an inner electrode 24, which is floating with respect to the actual nozzle housing 25 on a Hochfrequenz ⁇ , so that between the inner electrode 24 and the housing 25 Düsenge ⁇ a high-frequency arc is maintained 26th In the sense of arrows 27, plasma gas is passed through the plasma flame nozzle 12 and through the arc 26 and thus forms the plasma flame 28. If the band-shaped layer material 30 is also connected to high-frequency potential, one can also be applied from the electrode 24 to the layer material 30 via the nozzle housing 25 solid arc are maintained.
  • the cooling device 14 is also designed as a bar-shaped cooling shower 15, to which the cooling medium is supplied via the line 16. As indicated in FIG. 2, this cooling shower 15 is provided on the upper side with a screen 29, which is drawn on its peripheral edge to form a cavity on the treated surface of the layer material 30.
  • the cooling shower 15 can preferably be charged with liquid nitrogen. The arrangement of such a cooling shower in the relative feed direction (arrow 17 in FIG. 1) of the treatment device 10 with respect to the layer material 30 to be treated effectively quenching the small material melted with the plasma flame 28 and freezing this quantity of material in a refined structure reached.
  • the layer material 30 has a carrier layer 31 made of steel and a functional layer 32 made of fusible dispersion alloy or fusible mixture of different constituents, the constituents of the dispersion alloy or of the mixture at least in solid form State is not soluble in each other or only in a smaller amount than available.
  • a narrowly defined melt bath 40 is formed locally from constituents of the dispersion alloy or the mixture.
  • the cooling shower 15 then instantaneously cools and solidifies this melt bath 40. This instantaneous cooling and quenching has the result that a considerably refined structure is formed and the material in this refined structure is "frozen".
  • the continuous relative feed movement of the device with respect to the layer material 30 has the result that a surface region 33 with a “frozen”, refined structure is formed over the entire surface of the functional layer 32 on the free surface of the layer material.
  • the device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the method which can be carried out with it can be implemented with functional layers 32 of different structures. It can preferably be used for the surface coating of functional layers made of lead bronze or lead bronze. However, the surface treatment of functional layers made of aluminum / tin dispersion alloy and the surface treatment of functional layers made of aluminum / lead dispersion alloys also come into consideration.
  • hard particle injection can be carried out as part of the treatment process explained above.
  • the hard particles can have a size between approximately 10 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m. If infusible or hard-to-melt hard particles are to be introduced, this can be done directly together with the plasma flame 28 by introducing these hard particles into the plasma gas or in the direction of flow behind the plasma flame nozzle 12 into the plasma flame 28. If hard particles based on Laves phases are to be introduced into the surface region 33, this can also be done by means of separate injection, which inject such Laves phase hard particles between the effective range of the plasma flame 28 and the cooling shower 15 into the molten bath 40 .
  • the depth of action of the plasma flame and thus the thickness of the surface region treated can be set up by adjusting the distance 19 of the plasma flame nozzle 12 from the surface of the layer material 30.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 Examples of the surface coating of functional layers made of lead tin bronze and lead bronze can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the layer material 30 is intended for the production of tribological elements, preferably plain bearings.
  • the layer material 30 has a carrier layer 31 and a functional layer 32.
  • the functional layer 32 consists of lead tin bronze with the composition 10% by weight lead, 10% by weight tin, the rest copper.
  • the functional layer 32 assumed a dendritic structure when the lead tin bronze cooled and solidified, which structure is largely controlled by copper crystallites.
  • a diffusion bond has occurred between the copper crystallite, which appears dark in FIG. 3, and the steel.
  • the functional layer 32 has undergone a surface treatment with a plasma flame on its free surface, as explained above.
  • a surface treatment was additionally carried out with a hard particle injection using Laves phases, these hard particles 36 being substantially smaller than the thickness of the treated surface region 33, but incomparably larger than the finely divided particles 35 of the undissolved constituents.
  • the matrix 34 and the undissolved constituents 35 finely distributed therein are frozen in a refined structure, while the hard particles 36 are embedded in this frozen structure.
  • the surface region 33 formed by the structural conversion, in cooperation with the carrier layer 31, provides an effective encapsulation of the part of the functional layer 32 remaining in the dendritic structure. Since the particles in the surface region 33 35 of lead tin alloy are practically tightly embedded, the surface region 33 is practically insensitive to corrosion of the lead, even if highly additive oils or aged oils come into contact with the surface of the functional layer 32 in internal combustion engines. In the case of conventional functional layers made of lead bronze or lead tin bronze, selective corrosion occurs on the lead particles located between the copper crystals or the dendrites due to highly additive oils and aged oils. The lead component is selectively removed, and the copper skeleton remains and tends to collapse under a corresponding load.
  • the layer material 30 which is provided for the production of tribological elements, in particular plain bearings.
  • the layer material 30 according to FIG. 4 has a carrier layer 31 made of steel and a functional layer or sliding layer 32 made of lead bronze, for example of the composition CuPb22Sn.
  • the tin is completely dissolved in the lead component and only serves to reduce the susceptibility to corrosion of the lead component. Also in
  • the lead bronze of the functional layer 32 has a dentritic structure.
  • this functional layer 32 made of lead bronze there is an increased risk of corrosion for the lead particles embedded in the copper dentrites compared to a lead tin bronze functional layer.
  • the functional layer 32 is converted into a structure in a surface region 33, for example 100 to 200 ⁇ m thick, in the method explained above, in which the major part of the lead constituent undissolved in the copper is distributed in a matrix 34 in the manner of fine particles , leaving only a few very small, somewhat larger lead particles 37.
  • This surface region 33 is quasi "frozen" with this refined structure.
  • the functional layer 32 is also covered with an overlay 38 which, when the layer material 30 is used for the production of plain bearings or other tribological elements, serves as an inlet layer.
  • This overlay 38 can optionally consist of alloys such as PbSn, PbSnCu, SnSb, PbSnSb, Pbln and is applied galvanically.
  • a diffusion barrier layer 39 of approximately 5 ⁇ m thickness. This Diffu ⁇ sion barrier layer is formed in the illustrated example galvanically from Nickel ⁇ chrome alloy. Before the overlay 38, it was applied galvanically to the surface of the functional layer 32 treated with plasma flame.
  • the overlay 38 was then galvanically attached to the diffusion barrier layer 39.
  • the thickness of the overlay can be between 10 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, in the present example an overlay of approximately 200 ⁇ m thickness is provided.
  • alloys such as CuSn, CuZn, NiSn, NiCo or substances such as Co, Ti, Ni can also be used to form the diffusion barrier layer.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Un matériau stratifié ou une pièce stratifiée comprend une couche de support et une couche fonctionnelle, notamment une couche de glissement, qui présente comme structure une dispersion solide ou fusible avec une matrice et au moins un élément dispersé dans la matrice, insoluble au moins à l'état solide dans le matériau de la matrice ou soluble dans celui-ci uniquement en quantités inférieures aux quantités utilisées. La structure de la couche fonctionnelle peut également comprendre une quantité fusible d'éléments mutuellement insolubles, ou mutuellement solubles uniquement en quantités inférieures aux quantités utilisées, éventuellement partiellement cristallins et utilisables à des fins tribologiques. On transforme la surface exposée de la couche fonctionnelle en une autre structure de l'alliage par dispersion par un traitement de surface, plus précisément par fusion suivie d'un refroidissement rapide depuis l'état fondu, de façon à provoquer une fine distribution des éléments non dissous et la consolidation dans cette zone superficielle du matériau d'une structure à fine dispersion. Cette zone superficielle peut avoir entre 20 mum et 500 mum d'épaisseur, de préférence entre 50 mum et 100 mum. Cette transformation de la structure est effectuée au moyen d'une flamme de plasma à champ d'action étroitement délimité que l'on déplace progressivement sur la surface à traiter. On forme avec la flamme de plasma, ou avec une pluralité de flammes de plasma adjacentes, un petit bain de fusion qui se refroidit immédiatement et très rapidement lorsque la flamme de plasma se déplace par rapport au matériau stratifié ou à la pièce stratifiée, se solidifie et forme ainsi une structure à fine dispersion.
EP89904517A 1988-04-23 1989-04-14 Materiau stratifie ou piece stratifiee comprenant une couche fonctionnelle, notamment une couche de glissement, appliquee sur une couche de support Withdrawn EP0386165A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3813801A DE3813801A1 (de) 1988-04-23 1988-04-23 Schichtwerkstoff oder schichtwerkstueck mit einer auf einer traegerschicht angebrachten funktionsschicht, insbesondere gleitschicht
DE3813801 1988-04-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0386165A1 true EP0386165A1 (fr) 1990-09-12

Family

ID=6352762

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89904517A Withdrawn EP0386165A1 (fr) 1988-04-23 1989-04-14 Materiau stratifie ou piece stratifiee comprenant une couche fonctionnelle, notamment une couche de glissement, appliquee sur une couche de support

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5093207A (fr)
EP (1) EP0386165A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02504046A (fr)
KR (1) KR900700654A (fr)
BR (1) BR8906920A (fr)
DE (1) DE3813801A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989010433A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE59005683D1 (de) * 1990-01-22 1994-06-16 Sulzer Innotec Ag Beschichtetes metallisches Substrat.
JPH04504595A (ja) * 1990-02-03 1992-08-13 グリコ―メタル―ウエルケ―グリコ・ベー・フアウ・ウント・コンパニー・コマンデイトゲゼルシヤフト 改善された滑り特性を有する高耐摩耗性オーバーレイおよびその製造方法
JPH0525655A (ja) * 1991-07-15 1993-02-02 Komatsu Ltd アルミニウム系母材の表面硬化方法および表面硬化アルミニウム系部材
EP0616046B1 (fr) * 1993-03-15 1997-11-26 Ykk Corporation Couche mince, trés dure et procédé de sa production
DE19524968A1 (de) * 1995-07-08 1997-01-16 Glyco Metall Werke Gleitlagerwerkstoff und dessen Verwendung
DE19525330C2 (de) * 1995-07-12 1998-07-09 Glyco Metall Werke Schichtwerkstoff
DE19614557A1 (de) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-16 Hauzer Holding Bauteil mit Verschleißschutzschicht und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE19622823A1 (de) * 1996-06-07 1997-12-11 Widia Gmbh Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE19754221A1 (de) * 1997-12-06 1999-06-17 Federal Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Schichtverbundwerkstoff für Gleitlager mit bleifreier Gleitschicht
US6510726B1 (en) 1998-12-23 2003-01-28 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Bismuth tracer bearings
KR100325410B1 (ko) * 1999-11-11 2002-03-04 유흥상 진공증착 코팅장치와 그의 코팅방법 및 코팅 적층체
DE10062876C1 (de) * 2000-12-16 2002-04-18 Ks Gleitlager Gmbh Pleuellagerschale
SE517535C2 (sv) * 2000-12-21 2002-06-18 Skf Ab Rullningslager
US6663344B2 (en) * 2001-03-28 2003-12-16 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Copper-based sintered alloy bearing and motor fuel pump
EP1434665B1 (fr) * 2001-10-08 2008-09-10 Federal-Mogul Corporation Palier sans plomb
JP4701376B2 (ja) * 2004-08-23 2011-06-15 国立大学法人埼玉大学 薄膜結晶化方法
DE102005050374B4 (de) * 2005-08-18 2007-09-13 Daimlerchrysler Ag Gleitschicht mit verschleißmindernden Ausscheidungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Gleitschicht
US8420162B2 (en) * 2006-07-07 2013-04-16 Guardian Industries Corp. Method of making coated article using rapid heating for reducing emissivity and/or sheet resistance, and corresponding product
FR2911130B1 (fr) * 2007-01-05 2009-11-27 Saint Gobain Procede de depot de couche mince et produit obtenu
FR2943050A1 (fr) * 2009-03-11 2010-09-17 Saint Gobain Procede de depot de couche mince.
JP5727696B2 (ja) * 2009-09-07 2015-06-03 国立大学法人広島大学 半導体製造装置および半導体の製造方法
US8815059B2 (en) 2010-08-31 2014-08-26 Guardian Industries Corp. System and/or method for heat treating conductive coatings using wavelength-tuned infrared radiation
US8834976B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2014-09-16 Guardian Industries Corp. Articles including anticondensation and/or low-E coatings and/or methods of making the same
US8939606B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2015-01-27 Guardian Industries Corp. Heatable lens for luminaires, and/or methods of making the same
US8524337B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2013-09-03 Guardian Industries Corp. Heat treated coated article having glass substrate(s) and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) inclusive coating
WO2011142125A1 (fr) * 2010-05-13 2011-11-17 パナソニック株式会社 Dispositif et procédé de traitement par plasma
AT513255B1 (de) 2012-12-28 2014-03-15 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Mehrschichtgleitlager
CN113695578A (zh) * 2021-08-19 2021-11-26 合肥波林新材料股份有限公司 一种高承载减摩无铅双金属材料的制备方法

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR526775A (fr) * 1915-09-03 1921-10-13 Metallisation Soc D Procédé pour l'obtention de revetements métalliques constitués par des alliages sur des objets métalliques
FR27470E (fr) * 1922-12-28 1924-07-07 Metallisation Soc D Procédé pour l'obtention de revêtements métalliques constitués par des alliages sur des objets métalliques
NL7216832A (fr) * 1972-12-12 1974-06-14
DE2615022C2 (de) * 1976-04-07 1978-03-02 Agefko Kohlensaeure-Industrie Gmbh, 4000 Duesseldorf Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Oberfläche mittels eines Strahles aus erhitztem Gas und geschmolzenem Material
DE2618775A1 (de) * 1976-04-29 1977-11-17 Goetzewerke Reibend beanspruchte maschinenteile aus gusseisen mit ledeburitischer laufflaeche und ihr herstellungsverfahren
BR7806091A (pt) * 1978-09-15 1980-03-25 Metal Leve Sa Ind Com Processo para beneficiamento de ligas antifriccao de revestimento de tiras de aco,as tiras compostas beneficiadas e produtos obtidos com tais tiras
DE2914618C2 (de) * 1979-04-11 1983-09-29 Glyco-Metall-Werke Daelen & Loos Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden Schichtwerkstoff mit auf einer Trägerschicht im Drahtexplosionsverfahren oder Kathodenzerstäubung (Sputtering) aufgebrachter Gleit- oder Reibschicht, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Target zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
JPS55148752A (en) * 1979-05-11 1980-11-19 Nippon Steel Corp Formation method of coating on metal surface
JPS579862A (en) * 1980-06-18 1982-01-19 Toshiba Corp Manufacture of slide bearing
US4451299A (en) * 1982-09-22 1984-05-29 United Technologies Corporation High temperature coatings by surface melting
AT380316B (de) * 1983-06-23 1986-05-12 Miba Gleitlager Ag Gleitlager
JPS6059020A (ja) * 1983-09-13 1985-04-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 軸受製造方法
JPS6237564A (ja) * 1985-08-09 1987-02-18 Toyota Motor Corp 再溶融チルカムシヤフトの製造方法
JPS6293314A (ja) * 1985-10-21 1987-04-28 Honda Motor Co Ltd 耐摩耗性摺動部材
JPS62118990A (ja) * 1985-11-18 1987-05-30 Daido Metal Kogyo Kk 摺動部材用複合材料の製造方法
JPS62170418A (ja) * 1986-01-21 1987-07-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 軸受製造法
JPS62207883A (ja) * 1986-03-10 1987-09-12 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> サ−メツト表面のレ−ザ表層処理方法
CH674954A5 (fr) * 1988-02-02 1990-08-15 Graf & Co Ag

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8910433A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8906920A (pt) 1990-12-04
JPH02504046A (ja) 1990-11-22
US5093207A (en) 1992-03-03
WO1989010433A1 (fr) 1989-11-02
KR900700654A (ko) 1990-08-16
DE3813801A1 (de) 1989-11-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0386165A1 (fr) Materiau stratifie ou piece stratifiee comprenant une couche fonctionnelle, notamment une couche de glissement, appliquee sur une couche de support
DE3813802C2 (fr)
DE3813804C2 (fr)
EP2018242B1 (fr) Palier lisse, procédé permettant de le produire et utilisation d&#39;un palier lisse de ce type
EP0270670A1 (fr) Couche de metal antifriction et procede pour sa fabrication.
DE3638901A1 (de) Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen giessen eines metallbands oder -streifens
DE102006023384A1 (de) Verwendung eines Gleitlagers
DE3922378A1 (de) Verfahren zum herstellung verschleissfester oberflaechen an bauteilen aus einer aluminium-silicium-legierung
DE3306142A1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung eines zweiphasigen oder mehrphasigen metallischen materials
AT398784B (de) Verfahren zur herstellung eines schichtwerkstoffes für gleitelemente sowie vorrichtung hiefür
DE2636131A1 (de) Pulvermetallgegenstand mit einer abriebbestaendigen oberflaeche
DE3721008A1 (de) Schichtwerkstoff oder schichtwerkstoffelement sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung durch vakuum-plasma-spritzen
DE2651946A1 (de) Verfahren zum aufbringen eines abriebbestaendigen zusammengesetzten ueberzugs auf einen gegenstand
DE3221884C2 (de) Verschleißbeständiges Bauteil zur Verwendung in Brennkraftmaschinen
WO1995029024A1 (fr) Procede permettant de combiner deux pieces en metal pour former un element composite
WO1991007518A2 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour fabriquer un stratifie pour elements de glissement
WO1989002365A1 (fr) Materiau stratifie amorphe pour elements coulissants
DE2937108C2 (fr)
DE3813803C2 (fr)
DE2656203A1 (de) Schichtwerkstoff und verfahren zu seiner herstellung mittels thermokinetischen plattierens
DE2715914C2 (fr)
WO1990005603A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour fabriquer un materiau stratifie destine a des elements de glissement
EP0383845A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de fabrication de materiaux composites stratifies metalliques, et leur utilisation
AT10478U1 (de) Verbundgussteil
DE8222402U1 (de) Elektrodenrolle für das Rollnahtschweißen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19891213

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB IT LI SE

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: GLYCO AG

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19920413

18W Application withdrawn

Withdrawal date: 19920518