EP0378967B1 - Compresseur à piston - Google Patents

Compresseur à piston Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0378967B1
EP0378967B1 EP89810937A EP89810937A EP0378967B1 EP 0378967 B1 EP0378967 B1 EP 0378967B1 EP 89810937 A EP89810937 A EP 89810937A EP 89810937 A EP89810937 A EP 89810937A EP 0378967 B1 EP0378967 B1 EP 0378967B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
cylinder
compressor according
yoke
connecting element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89810937A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0378967A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Baumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atlas Copco Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Publication of EP0378967A1 publication Critical patent/EP0378967A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0378967B1 publication Critical patent/EP0378967B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F04B53/144—Adaptation of piston-rods
    • F04B53/147—Mounting or detaching of piston rod
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/04—Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/008—Spacing or clearance between cylinder and piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B53/162—Adaptations of cylinders
    • F04B53/166—Cylinder liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0813—Carbides
    • F05C2203/0817—Carbides of silicon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/083—Nitrides
    • F05C2203/0843—Nitrides of silicon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0865—Oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0895—Zirconium oxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S417/00—Pumps
    • Y10S417/01—Materials digest

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reciprocating compressor for high pressure, with at least one cylinder formed in a cylinder housing and a piston which runs dry-running therein and which is coupled to a crankshaft of a drive device via a connecting part displaceably guided in the cylinder housing in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.
  • a pump or a compressor of another type in which a piston lubricated by a lubricant is guided in a liner which is designed with an inner diameter which is around a Dimension of 0.0025 mm is larger than the outside diameter of the piston. This is to prevent the liquid pressure in the displacement of the pump or the compressor from overcoming the viscosity of the lubricant in the space between the piston and the liner, and to effectively seal this space.
  • the piston is positively coupled via a drive rod with a spherical end to a spherical bearing which is mounted in a bore of the crosshead with radial play, movable transversely to the axis of the bore.
  • the vibrations of the bearing transmitted via the drive rod can impair the guidance of the piston.
  • This known embodiment also requires a structurally relatively complex seal and guide arrangement in order to relieve the liner, to prevent the piston from getting stuck and to ensure the supply of lubricant. Dry running of the relatively narrowly guided piston of the known design is not possible.
  • the invention has for its object an improved high-pressure reciprocating compressor of the type mentioned in a simplified compared to previous versions To create construction that ensures automatic operation of the piston compressor with relatively long maintenance intervals, especially in versions that are designed for a high pressure of, for example, up to 500 bar.
  • the piston is decoupled in a simple manner, in particular without additional, complex guiding means, from any vibrations that may occur and act transversely to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder of the connecting part slidingly guided in the cylinder housing, so that parallel guidance of the piston that is not influenced by such vibrations in the cylinder, and thus the formation of a dry-running split ring seal with a correspondingly small clearance between the piston and the cylinder is ensured.
  • the embodiment according to claim 4 results in a dry-running split ring seal which, within an operationally predetermined temperature range, is characterized by an essentially constant, minimal play between the piston and cylinder, and thus by a correspondingly low leakage loss which remains essentially constant during the operating period.
  • the compressor shown a small compressor, has four cylinders 1, 2, 3 and 4, in which pistons 5, 6, 7 and 8 are guided.
  • the cylinders 1 and 3 have a common horizontal axis 10 lying in the plane of the drawing, while the cylinders 2 and 4 are arranged on a common horizontal axis 11 set back from the plane of the drawing.
  • the pistons 5 and 7 are coupled via a yoke 14 connecting their piston rods 12 and 13 to a slide piece 15 which is mounted on a crank pin 16 of a vertically arranged crankshaft 17.
  • the crankshaft 17 is equipped with an engine, not shown, e.g. an electric motor.
  • the slider 15 is guided transversely to the axis 10 between two guideways 18 formed in the yoke.
  • the pistons 6 and 8 are coupled via a yoke 22 connecting their piston rods 20 and 21 to a second slider, not shown, mounted on the crank pin 16, which is displaceably guided transversely to the axis 11 in the yoke 22 offset by 90 ° relative to the yoke 14 is.
  • the pistons 5, 6, 7 and 8 are guided by cylinder inserts 23, 24, 25 and 26 and each delimit a compression space 31, 32 in the cylinders 1, 2, 3 and 4 which are closed by detachably fastened cylinder covers 27, 28, 29 and 30. 33 and 34.
  • the compression space 31 of the cylinder 1 forming the first compression stage is delimited by an end plate 35 which is provided with several, for example four, pressure valves 37 each associated with a passage opening, only one of which is shown.
  • the piston 5 is provided with corresponding suction valves 41, each associated with a passage opening, through which suction valves 41 each the suction stroke of the piston 5, a connection between the compression space 31 and a central space 43 separated therefrom by the piston 5 is made, which is connected to a supply line, not shown, for the natural gas to be compressed.
  • the compression spaces 32 and 33 are each delimited by an end plate 46 which is equipped with a central pressure valve 37 and a number, e.g. four, suction valves 41 is provided, of which only one is also shown.
  • a pressure valve 37 is arranged in a bore formed in the cylinder cover 30, which is connected via a connection nipple 50 to a pressure line 51 leading away from the compressor.
  • a suction valve 41 is arranged in a corresponding bore, which is connected via a nipple 52 to a flow channel 58 connected to the compression space 33.
  • the natural gas supplied to the central space 43 with a pressure of, for example, 10 mbar is sucked in through the opened suction valves 41.
  • the gas is compressed to a pressure of, for example, 5 bar and conveyed through the opened pressure valves 37 into a cylinder space 55 and fed via a flow channel 56 and an annular channel 48 to the second compression stage formed by the cylinder 2.
  • the gas sucked into the compression space 32 during the suction stroke of the piston 6 is reduced to a pressure of e.g. Compressed 20 bar and supplied with the pressure valve 37 open via a flow channel 57 to the third compression stage formed by the cylinder 3, the piston 7 of which is shown in the bottom dead center position.
  • the gas sucked into the compression space 33 during the suction stroke of the piston 7 is reduced to a pressure of e.g. Compressed 60 bar and supplied to the final pressure stage formed by the cylinder 4 via the flow channel 58 and through connecting channels formed in the nipple 52.
  • the gas sucked into the compression space 34 during the suction stroke of the piston 8 is brought to a pressure of e.g. 180 bar compressed and supplied with the pressure valve 37 open via the pressure line 51 to a gas fuel tank, not shown, which e.g. can be designed as a fuel tank of a motor vehicle.
  • the pistons 5, 6, 7 and 8 are guided to run dry in the cylinder inserts 23, 24, 25 and 26, the pistons 5, 6 and 7 each having a sealing ring 53 and a guide ring 54 made of a self-lubricating material suitable for dry running, For example, Teflon are provided, while the piston 8, with the bore of the cylinder insert 26, delimits an annular gap which is open over the entire common length.
  • the pistons 5, 6 and 7 are each rigidly connected to the associated yoke 14 or 22, while the piston 8 of the compression stage designed for the final pressure is coupled to the yoke 22 via a bracket 61 rigidly connected to the latter, which relative movements of the yoke 22nd admits transverse to the longitudinal axis 11 of the piston 8.
  • the holder 61 contains a sleeve 62 which can be fastened to the yoke 22 and a support element which is arranged such that it can rotate, and is represented by a ball 63, by means of which a support part formed on the yoke 22 with a support member formed on the piston rod 21 of the piston 8 can be inserted into the sleeve 62 Interacting head part 64 slidably transversely to the longitudinal axis 11. The head part 64 is held transversely to the longitudinal axis 11 by a collar portion 65 of the sleeve 62 surrounding the piston rod 21 with play.
  • the yoke 22 is guided so as to be displaceable in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 via the sleeve 62 in a guide part 66 held in the cylinder block of the compressor. Via the ball 63, the yoke 22 is connected to the piston 8 under the respective operating pressure without play in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11.
  • the rotationally movably mounted ball 63 also prevents the transverse forces of the yokes 22 slidingly guided on the one hand by the piston 6 in the cylinder insert 24 and on the other hand by the sleeve 62 in the guide part 66 with corresponding lateral play.
  • the piston 8 and the cylinder insert 26 are each made of a wear-resistant material.
  • the piston 8 is made of hard metal
  • the cylinder insert 26 is made of a correspondingly wear-resistant ceramic material, e.g. Silicon carbide or silicon nitride, is carried out, whose thermal expansion coefficient corresponds at least approximately to the thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the piston 8.
  • a correspondingly wear-resistant ceramic material e.g. Silicon carbide or silicon nitride
  • the cylinder insert 26 which can be inserted directly into a bore in the cylinder cover 30 or, as shown, can be arranged in a bush 67 which can be inserted into a corresponding bore, is fastened in the cylinder cover 30 by a retaining ring 68 which can be screwed into the latter.
  • the cylinder insert 26 arranged in the bush 67 for example held by a shrink connection, can also be made of a material, for example zirconium oxide, whose coefficient of thermal expansion is greater than that of the material of the piston 8.
  • the sleeve 67 can be used as a compensating sleeve, through which the thermal expansion of the cylinder insert 26 on the inside compensates for a predetermined amount corresponding to the thermal expansion of the piston 8 and thus the intended play can be kept substantially constant between the piston 8 and the cylinder insert 26.
  • the function of the dry-running piston ring seals formed between the pistons 5, 6 and 7 and the associated cylinder inserts 23, 24, 25 is also caused by vibrations of the yoke 14 guided via the pistons 5 and 7 in the cylinder inserts 23 and 25 and of the yoke 14 Piston 6 and the sleeve 62 in the cylinder insert 24 or yoke 22 guided in the guide part 66 are not significantly impaired, so that no impermissible leakage losses occur.
  • a spherical support element instead of a spherical support element, another rotatable rolling element, for example one with cylindrical or with spherical support surfaces, can be provided in the holder.
  • another rotatable rolling element for example one with cylindrical or with spherical support surfaces, can be provided in the holder.
  • the one-piece sleeve 62 provided in the simplified representation of the holder 61, it is also possible to provide a two-piece sleeve which can be suitably attached to the yoke 22 or another, structurally different holding arrangement.
  • the piston 8 can be designed with a relatively soft core and a coating of hard metal or a corresponding wear-resistant material surrounding it, or it can also consist of a ceramic material. It can also be expedient to design the cylinder insert 26 from hard metal. Likewise, for the design of the piston 8 and / or the cylinder insert 26, materials other than those described, e.g. Metal compounds which have corresponding thermal expansion coefficients can be used. At least one of the running surfaces of the piston 8 and the cylinder insert 26 can also be formed by a thin, homogeneous layer of amorphous diamond-like carbon ("amorphous diamond-like carbon"). Such layers can each be produced in a cost-effective process suitable for mass production and at a relatively low treatment temperature which is gentle on the carrier material, e.g. approx. 200 ° C, be applied to the relevant part or to both parts. If the thermal expansion coefficients of the cylinder material and the piston material are approximately the same, an embodiment is also possible in which such a layer is applied directly to the cylinder bore.
  • the invention is not limited to compressors of the type described and illustrated above, but is also for other, single or multi-stage designs, as well as for other applications, e.g. on breathing air compressors or compressors for low-temperature technology.
  • at least one further piston / cylinder unit can also be designed with a holder designed according to the invention and / or with interacting parts consisting of wear-resistant material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Compresseur à pistons à mouvements alternatifs pour haute pression, comprenant au moins un cylindre (4) réalisé dans un carter et un piston (8) guidé à sec dans ce dernier et couplé à un vilebrequin (17) d'un dispositif de commande par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce de raccord (châssis 22) guidée mobile dans le carter dans la direction de l'axe longitudinal (11) du cylindre (4), caractérisé en ce que le piston (8) est couplé à la pièce de raccord (22) au moyen d'une fixation (61) qui comprend au moins un élément d'appui mobile perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal (11) du cylindre (4) par rapport au piston (8) et à la pièce de raccord (châssis 22) et en ce que le cylindre (4) délimite avec le piston (8) un interstice annulaire étroit, exempt d'éléments d'étanchéité et de lubrifiant, ouvert sur la totalité de leur longueur commune et autorisant un écoulement déterminé de fuite du fluide comprimé.
  2. Compresseur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'appui coopère avec le piston (8) et avec la pièce de raccord (châssis 22) dans chaque cas par une surface d'appui convexe.
  3. Compresseur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'appui est formé d'un corps de roulement, par exemple d'une bille (63), se montant entre le piston (8) et la pièce de raccord (châssis 22), ce corps étant monté mobile en rotation dans la fixation (61).
  4. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le piston (8) et le cylindre (4) sont réalisés tous deux avec une surface de frottement formée d'un matériau résistant à l'usure et en ce qu'au moins la partie du cylindre (4) qui comporte la surface de frottement est un matériau dont le coefficient de dilatation thermique est au moins approximativement égal ou supérieur au coefficient de dilatation thermique du matériau du piston (8).
  5. Compresseur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le piston (8) est en métal dur au moins sur le bord comportant la surface de frottement et en ce que la surface de frottement du cylindre (4) est réalisée sous la forme d'une chemise (26) en matériau céramique.
  6. Compresseur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la chemise (26) est disposée dans un manchon (67) qui se monte dans le cylindre (4) et qui compense au moins partiellement la dilatation thermique de la chemise (26).
  7. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la différence entre le diamètre intérieur du cylindre (4) ou de la chemise (26) et le diamètre extérieur du piston (8) est comprise dans la plage allant d'environ 0,004 à 0,01 mm.
  8. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le matériau céramique consiste essentiellement en carbure de silicium.
  9. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le matériau céramique consiste essentiellement en nitrure de silicium.
  10. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le matériau céramique consiste essentiellement en oxyde de zirconium.
  11. Utilisation d'un compresseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes en étage final de compression d'un ensemble se composant de plusieurs groupes à cylindre et piston montés en série et destiné à la compression d'un gaz, en particulier de gaz naturel, devant être mis en réserve dans un véhicule pour servir de carburant.
EP89810937A 1989-01-19 1989-12-12 Compresseur à piston Expired - Lifetime EP0378967B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH163/89 1989-01-19
CH16389 1989-01-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0378967A1 EP0378967A1 (fr) 1990-07-25
EP0378967B1 true EP0378967B1 (fr) 1993-01-27

Family

ID=4180694

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89810937A Expired - Lifetime EP0378967B1 (fr) 1989-01-19 1989-12-12 Compresseur à piston

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5033940A (fr)
EP (1) EP0378967B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU621974B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2008202C (fr)
DE (1) DE58903407D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018129747A1 (de) 2018-11-26 2020-05-28 Wabco Europe Bvba Hubkolbenkompressor einer Druckluftversorgungsanlage

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CA2008202A1 (fr) 1990-07-19
US5033940A (en) 1991-07-23
EP0378967A1 (fr) 1990-07-25
AU4853390A (en) 1990-07-26
DE58903407D1 (de) 1993-03-11
AU621974B2 (en) 1992-03-26
CA2008202C (fr) 1998-04-07

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