EP0371899B1 - Form for making concrete or cement piles - Google Patents

Abstract

Two circular orifices (24, 25) are made in the vicinity of the ends of each angle piece (9) of the two half-shells, the two series of superposed orifices (24, 25) each having passing through them a tubular element (27, 35) fixed to the angle pieces (9) and having a series of drillholes (28, 36) making it possible to fix it to the adjacent tubular element of the upper half-shell by means of horizontal ties ensuring that the two half-shells are assembled together. The form comprises, furthermore, means making it possible to assemble an upper half-shell (1) together with a lower half-shell (1') by superposition. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to the new industrial product that constitutes a formwork for the production of concrete or cement pillars.

Among the formwork known to date for this type of embodiment, some, such as that described in document FR-A-2 474 569, are formed by two half-shells, the assembly of which forms spaced apart horizontal hinges fastened to a vertical layer. whose internal surface constitutes the formwork face, this assembly being carried out by means of vertical beams bearing on said hoops at their external face, and joined together, two by two, by means of horizontal tie rods.

This type of formwork, however, has a number of drawbacks. Indeed, on the one hand the healds used to carry out the assembly of the half-shells form protrusions on the surface of the formwork, whose handling and transport they make difficult. On the other hand, these forms are produced in determined heights, depending on the height of the pillars to be produced, so that other formwork must be used when we want to make pillars of different heights, which is not without drawbacks, both in terms of size and that implementation costs.

Another type of formwork, described in document FR-A-1 417 933, is formed of rectangular elements assembled together by means of sockets fixed to their external faces, in which rods are slipped at the ends of which are arranged clamping members making it possible to constitute assembly units which form the panels constituting the faces of the formwork. The elements arranged at the corners have folded edges so that their assembly constitutes a tubular passage of general square or rectangular section in which one can accommodate parts of corresponding profile to connect end to end, by telescopic mounting, assembly units in view of forming formwork of variable height.

However, this type of formwork has the disadvantage of a long and delicate production, due to the use of sockets and rods, and also being, for the same reason, expensive to manufacture.

The object of the present invention is to remedy the various drawbacks of known formwork by proposing a formwork of a new type formed by the assembly of half-shells which can be easily superimposed, in leaktight manner, with other half-shells of the same type, the lower half-shells being capable of being placed under-rise under the upper half-shells.

The subject of the present invention is therefore a formwork of the type formed by two half-shells each comprising a vertical coating, the internal surface of which constitutes the formwork face, a plurality of horizontal brackets fixed, with spacing, on the external face of said coating, and means for assembling the two half-shells, each hoop being provided with two circular orifices in the vicinity of its ends, the two series of superimposed orifices each being traversed by a tubular element, the two tubular elements of each half-shell being secured to the hoops and each comprising a series of holes allowing to secure it to the adjacent tubular element of the other half-shell by means of horizontal tie rods which ensure the assembly of the two half-shells; said formwork being characterized essentially in that it comprises upper half-shells and lower half-shells capable of being assembled by superposition, the latter being able to be placed under-rise, each upper half-shell comprising, in each tubular element, a hole positioned a short distance above its lowest hoop, while each lower half-shell has, in each tubular element, a hole positioned a short distance below its most hoop high, said holes making it possible to assemble two by two the tubular elements of an upper half-shell with the tubular elements of a lower half-shell by means of studs suitably perforated at their ends and associated with keys, said assembly being supplemented by a tie passed through two additional holes, one in the lowest hole e of the upper half-shell and the other in the highest hoop of the lower half-shell, in the area of assembly of the two branches of said hoops; the continuity of the formwork layer being ensured by the projection of the layer of the lower half-shell above its highest hoop, by a distance at most equal to the thickness of the lowest hoop of the half-shell upper shell.

The holes in the tubular elements which allow two adjacent half-shells to be joined together can be distributed in different ways along the length said tubular elements, however, for the purpose of standardization and solidity of the assembly, they are preferably positioned at a fairly short distance below the level of each hoop, so as to limit the creep effect during tightening tie rods.

The tubular elements are joined to the hoops of each half-shell can be carried out by means of bores made in said tubular elements at the level of the hoops and opposite bores made in the latter, so as to allow the passage of lag screws which , screwed in force in each branch of the hoops, secure the latter with said tubular elements.

The tubular elements of the upper half-shells advantageously further include, near their upper ends, a hole allowing the passage of a gripping element such as a shackle, so as to allow the lifting of the half-shell in view of its displacement or its installation on a lower half-shell.

The coating of the formwork according to the invention can be formed, in a conventional manner, of planed wooden planks covered with plywood panels forming the molding face. In order to ensure the tightness of the assembly of two half-shells, the adjacent layers can be arranged so that one is positioned slightly recessed with respect to the edge of the half-shell, so as to allow housing the adjacent edge of the couch of the other half-shell in the space thus created.

Furthermore, with a view to consolidating the assembly of the boards constituting the branches of each hoop of a half-shell, this assembly is preferably carried out by means of metal plates arranged on either side of their juxtaposed ends. , and fixed to said boards by nailing.

The assembly by superposition of an upper half-shell with a lower half-shell is carried out, as has already been said, by assembling the tubular elements and assembling the hoops.

The assembly of the tubular elements, produced by means of studs, uses studs whose ends are perforated so as to come opposite the holes made in said tubular elements, on the one hand at a short distance above the lowest hoop of the upper half-shell and on the other hand a short distance below the highest hoop of the lower half-shell, these studs being provided with a central washer and associated with keys preferably perforated at their ends so that they can be held in place by pins. The assembly of the tubular elements is thus sufficiently solid.

The assembly of the hoops of two superimposed half-shells by means of a tie rod can be carried out using a threaded rod passed through the bores made in the lower hoop of the upper half-shell and in the the upper half of the lower half-shell, and tightened by means of two wing nuts.

The continuity of the coating in this superimposed assembly is ensured by a slight protrusion of the coating of the lower half-shell above its highest hoop, this protrusion affecting a length at least equal to the thickness of the washers of the studs put used to assemble the tubular elements and at most equal to the thickness of the lowest hoop of the upper half-shell. The tightening of the tie rods assembling the hoops helps to ensure the continuity of the coating and the watertightness of the assembly.

The formwork according to the invention offers the advantage of extremely rapid installation and removal and handling reliability inherent in the solidity of the assembly and safety of the gripping means which it comprises.

It also offers the notable advantage of making it possible to form shutters of good watertightness, which can be adjusted in height, by superimposing half-shells of selected heights, these superimpositions being able to be made under-rise, a half-shell of medium height being inserted. under a half-shell of greater height, the half-shell thus formed then being assembled with a complementary half-shell constituted in the same way.

The present invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows and which relates to the appended drawing, it being understood that this description has no limiting character with respect to the invention.

• la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective, avec arraché partiel, de la partie supérieure d'une demi-coquille d'un coffrage selon l'invention destiné à la réalisation de piliers carrés.
• la figure 2 représente une vue de dessus du coffrage constitué par l'assemblage de deux demi-coquilles identiques à celle représentée en figure 1.
• la figure 3 représente une vue en perspective, avec arraché partiel, de deux demi-coquilles en voie de superposition.
• la figure 4 représente une vue en perspective, avec arraché partiel, de la partie supérieure d'une demi-coquille d'un autre coffrage selon l'invention, destiné à la réalisation de piliers ronds.
• la figure 5 représente une vue de dessus du coffrage constitué par l'assemblage de deux demi-coquilles identiques à celle représentée en figure 4.

In the attached drawing:

• Figure 1 shows a perspective view, partially broken away, of the upper part of a half-shell of a formwork according to the invention for the production of square pillars.
• FIG. 2 represents a top view of the formwork constituted by the assembly of two half-shells identical to that shown in FIG. 1.
• Figure 3 shows a perspective view, partially broken away, of two half-shells in the process of superposition.
• Figure 4 shows a perspective view, partially broken away, of the upper part of a half-shell of another formwork according to the invention, intended for the production of round pillars.
• FIG. 5 represents a top view of the formwork constituted by the assembly of two half-shells identical to that shown in FIG. 4.

If we refer first to Figure 1, we see that the half-shell 1 has a coating formed by four vertical boards 3, 4, 5, 6 on which are fixed two plywood panels 7 and 8 arranged at right angles, constituting the formwork surface.

On the outer face of the boards 3, 4, 5, 6 are fixed by nailing horizontal hoops 9 distributed at regular intervals over the entire height of the couchis.

Each hoop 9 is made up of two juxtaposed branches 13 and 15 assembled by two plates 18 and 19 arranged on either side and fixed by nails 20.

Each of the branches 13 and 15 is provided with an orifice 24, respectively 25, positioned in the vicinity of its free end, the orifices of the different branches being superimposed.

Through these orifices 24 and 25 are passed two tubes 27 and 35 fixed to the hoops 9 by means of lag screws 30 screwed through holes 38 formed in the tubes 27 and 35 at each hoop 9, opposite the holes 37 in each of them.

The tubes 27 and 35 have, at a fairly short distance below the hoops 9, holes 28, respectively 36 intended to allow the assembly of two half-shells together by means of horizontal tie rods 31 associated with wing nuts .

The tubes 27 and 35 are also each provided with a bore 29 positioned near their upper end and intended to authorize the lifting of the half-shell.

If we then refer to FIG. 2, we see in this figure the half-shell 1 assembled to an identical half-shell 2 by means of the tie rods 31 and the tubes 27 and 35 passed through the orifices 24 and 25 formed in the cerces 9. We also see the plates 18 used to assemble the boards 13 and 15 of the upper hoop 9, and the layer formed by the boards 3, 4, 5, 6 and the panels 7, 8, the panel 8 and the board 6 being positioned set back from the end of branch 15 of the hoop 9, leaving a space forming a housing for the end of the panel 7 and of the board 3.

If we now refer to Figure 3, we see in this figure the upper part of a lower half-shell to be assembled under-rise to an upper half-shell which we see the lower part.

The two lower rings 9 and 91 of the upper half-shell 1 and the two upper rings 9 'and 91' of the lower half-shell 1 'are crossed by the two tubes 27 and 35, respectively 27' and 35 ', provided of holes 28 and 36, respectively 28 'and 36' to allow the assembly of each half-shell with the complementary half-shell, by means of horizontal tie rods.

The tubes 27 and 35 of the upper half-shell 1 are provided, at a short distance above the lowest hoop 91, with two holes 81 and 82, while the hoop itself is pierced with an orifice 83 positioned in the angle formed by the assembly of the arms 13 and 15 of the bracket 91, the drilling 83 being carried out through the arm 13 and the two metal plates 18 and 19 which serve to assemble the arms 13 and 15 .

In the same way, the tubes 27 'and 35' of the lower half-shell 1 'are provided, at a short distance below the highest hoop 91', with two holes 81 'and 82' (the latter not visible in the figure), while the hoop itself is pierced with an orifice 83 'positioned in the angle formed by the assembly of the branches 13' and 15 ', the drilling 83' being carried out through the branch 13 'and two metal plates 18' and 19 'which are used to assemble the branches 13' and 15 '.

Two studs 84 and 84 ', each comprising a central washer 85, respectively 85', and two orifices 86 and 87, respectively 86 'and 87', equidistant from the central washer 85, respectively 85 ', make it possible to assemble the tubes 27 and 27 ', respectively 35 and 35', half-shells 1 and 1 ', their upper orifices 87 and 87' coming opposite orifices 81 and 82 of the tubes 27 and 35 of the upper half-shell 1, while their lower orifices 86 and 86 'come opposite the orifices 81' and 82 '(the latter not visible in the figure) of the tubes 27' and 35 'from the lower half-shell 1'.

The studs 84 and 84 'can be secured to the tubes 27 and 35 each by means of two keys 88 passed through the holes 81 and 87, respectively 86 and 81', and the holes 82 and 87 ', respectively 86' and 82 ' , the keys 88 being held by means of pins 88 '.

A tie rod 89, in this case a threaded rod associated with wing nuts 89 ', passed through the orifices 83 and 83' of the hoops 91 and 91 ', consolidates the assembly.

The continuity of the formwork face is ensured by a slight protrusion of the coating of the lower half-shell 1 ', of which each constituent element, namely the boards 3', 4 ', 5' and 6 'and the plywood panels 7 'and 8', exceeds the hoop 91 'by a length at least equal to the thickness of the washer 85 of the studs 84, so that the panels 7' and 8 'which form the formwork face are joined to the panels 7 and 8 (not visible in the figure) which cover the boards 3, 4 and 5.6 of the upper half-shell 1.

The tie rod 89 also contributes to ensuring the continuity of the formwork face, by allowing the tightening of the hoops 91 and 91 ′.

This superimposed assembly makes it possible to form shutters of modular heights, from upper half-shells of the type which has just been described and from lower half-shells which are assembled to them.

For this purpose it is advantageous to have lower half-shells of small height, on which can be superimposed if necessary upper half-shells of greater height, the assembly being done in under-rise.

If we then refer to FIG. 4, we see in this figure a half-shell 40 intended for the manufacture of round posts and comprising a layer of calibrated wood 42 on which is fixed a curved semi-circular plywood panel 43.

On the external face of the couchis 42 are fixed by nailing of the hoops 46 formed by two boards 52 and 53 juxtaposed assembled by metal plates 54 and 55 fixed by nailing.

Two vertical boards 47 and 48 connect the ends of the boards 52 and 53, one of them, in this case the board 47, comprising a groove in which is positioned a tenon 50, while the other, in the occurrence board 48, has a groove 51 intended to receive a post positioned in the groove opposite the complementary half-shell.

Each hoop 46 has two orifices 59 and 60, one 59 formed in the branch 52 and the other 60 in the branch 53, the orifices 59 of all the hoops 46 being superimposed, as are the orifices 60, so as to allow the passage of two tubes 62 and 63.

The tubes 62 and 63 are provided with holes 64 positioned a short distance below each hoop 46, so as to allow the assembly of the half-shell 40 with the complementary half-shell by means of a threaded rod 65 associated to wing nuts 66.

The tubes 62 and 63 are further provided with holes 67 positioned at each hoop 46, opposite holes 68 formed in the branches 52 and 53 of the hoops 46, in order to allow the latter to be joined to the tubes 62 and 63 , for example by means of a lag screw passed through the holes 67 and 68.

If we finally refer to FIG. 5, we see in this figure the half-shell 40 assembled with an identical half-shell 41 by means of two threaded rods 65 associated with wing nuts 66.

This figure shows the hoops 46 formed of branches 52 and 53 joined by means of plates 54 fixed by nailing, as well as the tenons 50 positioned in the grooves 51 formed in the vertical boards 47 and 48 which join the ends of the hoops 46, two seals 56 positioned on the edges facing the layers 42 and 43, making it possible to seal the assembly of the half-shells 40 and 41.

The formwork according to the invention has the advantage of having no significant protrusion on the surface, which significantly facilitates its handling and transport.

To this advantage is added that inherent in the possibility that it offers of an assembly by underlaying in under-rise allowing to easily modulate its height, which constitutes an appreciable technical progress authorizing significant savings both in material and in hand - of work.

Claims (4)

1. Form for making concrete or cement piles of a type formed from two half shells (1, 2) each comprising a vertical wall piece whose internal surface constitutes the form face, a plurality of horizontal planar elements with two branches (9) fixed with a spacer on the external face of the said wall piece and means for assembling the two half shells (1, 2), each planar element (9) being provided with two circular orifices (24, 25) arranged in the area of its ends, the two sets of superposed orifices (24, 25) each being traversed by a tubular element (27, 35) integral with the planar element (9) and having a series of borings (28, 36) allowing the integration with the tubular element adjacent the other half shell by means of horizontal tie bars (31) which ensure the assembly of the two half shells (1, 2), characterised in that it comprises upper half shells (1) and lower half shells (1') capable of being assembled by superposition, these latter being able to be put in place underneath, each upper half shell (1) comprising in each tubular element (27, 35) a boring (81, 82) positioned a short distance above its lowest planar element (91) whilst each lower half shell (1') comprises in each tubular element (27', 35') a boring (81', 82') positioned a short distance above its highest planar element (91'), the said borings (81, 81', 82 82') allowing the assembly two by two of the tubular elements (27, 35) of an upper half shell (1) with the tubular elements (27', 35') of a lower half shell (1') by means of pins (84, 84') provided with a central washer (85, 85') and in the area of their ends, borings (86, 87, 86', 87') intended to be arranged with the borings (81, 81', 82, 82') arranged in the tubular elements (27, 27', 35, 35'), the said pins (84, 84') being associated with keys (88), the said assembly being completed by a tie bar (89) passed through two borings (83, 83'), one arranged in the lower planar element (91) of the upper half shell (1) and the other in the highest planar element (91') of the lower half shell (1') in the assembly area of the two branches (13 - 15, 13' - 15') of the said planar element (91, 91'), the continuity of the wall piece of the form being ensured by an extension of the wall piece (3'-4'-5'-6-7'-8') of the lower half shell (1') above its highest planar element (91') of a distance at most equal to the thickness of the lowest planar element (91) of the upper half shell (1).
2. Form according to claim 1 characterised in that the keys (88) are perforated at their end and are associated with pins (88').
3. Form according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the tie bar (89) passed through the borings (83, 83') provided in the planar element (91, 91') is a threaded stem associated with wing nuts (89').
4. Form according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the wall piece (3', 4', 5', 6', 7', 8') of a lower half shell (1') exceeds its highest planar element (91') by a length at least equal to the thickness of the central washer (85, 85') of the pins (84, 84').

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