EP0371899A1 - Form for making concrete or cement piles - Google Patents

Abstract

Two circular orifices (24, 25) are made in the vicinity of the ends of each angle piece (9) of the two half-shells, the two series of superposed orifices (24, 25) each having passing through them a tubular element (27, 35) fixed to the angle pieces (9) and having a series of drillholes (28, 36) making it possible to fix it to the adjacent tubular element of the upper half-shell by means of horizontal ties ensuring that the two half-shells are assembled together. The form comprises, furthermore, means making it possible to assemble an upper half-shell (1) together with a lower half-shell (1') by superposition. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to the new industrial product that constitutes a formwork for the production of concrete or cement pillars.

The formwork known to date for this type of embodiment is most often formed of two half-shells, the assembly of which forms spaced apart horizontal hinges fastened to a vertical coating, the internal surface of which forms the formwork face, this assembly being carried out at means of vertical heddles bearing on said hoops and joined together, two by two, by means of horizontal tie rods. Such a type of formwork is described in French patent 2,474,569.

Existing forms, however, have a number of drawbacks. Indeed, on the one hand the healds used to carry out the assembly of the half-shells form projections on the surface of the formwork, whose handling and transport they make difficult.

On the other hand, the known formwork is produced in determined heights, as a function of the height of the pillars to be produced, so that other formwork must be used when it is desired to make pillars of different heights, this who is not without drawbacks, both from the point of view of congestion and that of the costs involved.

The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks of known formwork by proposing a formwork of a new type, which has no projection on its surface and whose half-shells can be superimposed with other half-shells of the same type, so as to form a formwork of greater height.

The present invention thus relates to a formwork of the type formed by two half-shells each comprising a vertical coating, the internal surface of which constitutes the formwork face, a plurality of horizontal brackets with two branches attached, with spacing, on the face. external of said couchis, and means for assembling the two half-shells, this formwork being characterized essentially in that two circular orifices are formed in the vicinity of the ends of each bracket, the two series of superimposed orifices each being traversed by a tubular element , the two tubular elements of each half-shell being secured to the brackets and each comprising a series of holes allowing it to be secured to the tubular element adjacent to the other shell by means of horizontal tie rods which ensure the assembly of the two half-shells shells; this formwork is further characterized in that it comprises upper half-shells and lower half-shells capable of being assembled by superposition, each upper half-shell comprising, in each tubular element, a bore positioned at a short distance above its lowest bracket, while each lower half-shell has, in each tubular element, a hole positioned a short distance below its highest bracket, these holes making it possible to assemble the tubular elements of an upper half-shell with the tubular elements of a lower half-shell by means of studs suitably perforated at their ends and associated with keys, this assembly being consolidated by means of a tie rod passed through two holes additional formed one in the lowest square of the upper half-shell and the other in the highest square of the lower half-shell, in the assembly area of the two arms of said brackets, the continuity of the couchis provided by a slight protrusion of the couchis of the lower half-shell above its highest bracket.

The holes in the tubular elements which allow two adjacent half-shells to be joined together can be distributed in different ways over the length of the said tubular elements, however, for the purpose of standardization and solidity of the assembly, they are preferably positioned at a fairly short distance below the level of each bracket, so as to limit the effect of creep when tightening the tie rods.

The tubular elements are joined to the brackets of each half-shell can be carried out by means of pervages made in the said tubular elements at the brackets and opposite the holes made in the latter, so as to allow the passage of lag screws. which, screwed in force in each branch of the brackets, ensure the joining of the latter with the said tubular elements.

The tubular elements of the upper half-shells advantageously further comprise, near their upper ends, a bore allowing the passage of a gripping element such as a shackle, so as to allow the lifting of the half-shell in view of its displacement or its installation on a lower half-shell.

The coating of the formwork according to the invention can be formed, in a conventional manner, of planed wooden planks covered with plywood panels forming the molding face. In order to ensure the tightness of the assembly of two half-shells, the adjacent layers can be arranged so that one is positioned slightly recessed relative to the edge of the half-shell, so as to allow the housing the adjacent edge of the couch of the other half-shell in the space thus created.

Furthermore, with a view to consolidating the assembly of the boards constituting the branches of each angle of a half-shell, this assembly is preferably carried out by means of metal plates placed on either side of their juxtaposed ends. , and fixed to said boards by nailing.

The assembly by superposition of an upper half-shell with a lower half-shell is carried out, as has already been said, by assembling the tubular elements and assembling the brackets.

The assembly of the tubular elements, carried out by means of studs, implements studs whose ends are perforated so as to come opposite the holes made in said tubular elements, on the one hand at a short distance above the '' lowest angle of the upper half-shell and on the other hand a short distance below the highest angle of the lower half-shell, these studs being provided with a central washer and associated with keys preferably perforated at their ends so that they can be held in place by pins. The assembly of the tubular elements is thus sufficiently solid.

The assembly of the brackets of two superimposed half-shells by means of a tie rod can be carried out using a threaded rod passed through the holes made in the lowest square of the upper half-shell and in the upper bracket of the lower half-shell, and tightened by means of two wing nuts.

The continuity of the coating in this superimposed assembly is ensured by a slight protrusion of the coating of the lower half-shell above its highest square, this protrusion affecting a length at least equal to the thickness of the washers of the studs put used to assemble the tubular elements. The tightening of the tie rods assembling the brackets contributes to ensuring this continuity of the coating.

The formwork according to the invention offers the advantage extremely fast installation and removal and handling safety inherent in the solidity of the assembly and the safety of the gripping means it comprises

It also offers the significant advantage of making it possible to form formwork that is adjustable in height, by superimposing half-shells of selected heights. It should be noted that these superimpositions can be carried out under-rise, a half-shell of medium height being inserted under a half-shell of greater height, the half-shell thus formed is then assembled with a complementary half-shell formed in the same way.

The present invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows and which relates to the appended drawing, it being understood that this description has no limiting character with respect to the invention.

• - La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective, avec arraché partiel, de la partie supérieure d'une demi-coquille d'un coffrage selon l'invention destiné à la réalisation de pi­liers carrés.
• - La figure 2 représente une vue de dessus du cof­frage constitué par l'assemblage de deux demi-coquilles identi­ques à celle représentée en figure 1.
• - La figure 3 représente une vue en perspective avec arraché partiel de deux demi-coquilles en voie de superposi­tion.
• - La figure 4 représente une vue en perspective, avec arraché partiel, de la partie supérieure d'une demi-coquille d'un autre coffrage selon l'invention, destiné à la réalisation de piliers ronds.
• - La figure 5 représente une vue de dessus du cof­frage constitué par l'assemblage de deux demi-coquilles identi­ques à celle représentée en figure 4.

In the attached drawing:

• - Figure 1 shows a perspective view, partially broken away, of the upper part of a half-shell of a formwork according to the invention intended for the production of square pillars.
• - Figure 2 shows a top view of the formwork constituted by the assembly of two half-shells identical to that shown in Figure 1.
• - Figure 3 shows a perspective view with partial cutaway of two half-shells in the process of superposition.
• - Figure 4 shows a perspective view, partially broken away, of the upper part of a half-shell of another formwork according to the invention, intended for the production of round pillars.
• FIG. 5 represents a top view of the formwork constituted by the assembly of two half-shells identical to that shown in FIG. 4.

If we refer first to Figure 1, we see that the half-shell 1 has a layer formed by four boards vertical 3, 4, 5, 6 on which are fixed two plywood panels 7 and 8 arranged at right angles, constituting the formwork surface.

On the outer face of the boards 3, 4, 5, 6 are fixed by nailing horizontal brackets 9 distributed at regular intervals over the entire height of the couchis.

Each bracket 9 is made up of two juxtaposed branches 13 and 15 assembled by two plates 18 and 19 arranged on either side and fixed by nails 20.

Each of the branches 13 and 15 is provided with an orifice 24, respectively 25, positioned in the vicinity of its free end, the orifices of the different branches being superimposed.

Two tubes 27 and 35 are passed through these orifices 24 and 25, fixed to the brackets 9 by means of lag screws 30 screwed through holes 38 formed in the tubes 27 and 35 at each bracket 9, facing each other. ages 37 provided in each square 9.

The tubes 27 and 35 have, at a fairly short distance below the brackets 9, holes 28, respectively 36 intended to allow the assembly of two half-shells together by means of horizontal tie rods 31 associated with wing nuts .

The tubes 27 and 35 are also each provided with a bore 29 positioned near their upper end and intended to authorize the lifting of the half-shell.

If we then refer to Figure 2, we see in this figure the half-shell 1 assembled to an identical half-shell 2 by means of the tie rods 31 and the tubes 27 and 35 passed through the orifices 24 and 25 formed in the brackets 9. We also see the plates 18 used to assemble the boards 13 and 15 of the upper bracket 9, and the coating formed by the boards 3, 4, 5, 6 and the panels 7, 8, the panel 8 and the board 6 being positioned set back relative to the end of the branch 15 of the bracket 9, leaving a space forming a housing for the end of the panel 7 and of the board 3.

If we now refer to Figure 3, we see in this figure the upper part of a lower half-shell to assemble under-rise to an upper half-shell which we see the lower part.

The two lower brackets 9 and 91 of the upper half-shell 1 and the two upper brackets 9 ′ and 91 ′ of the lower half-shell 1 ′ are crossed by the two tubes 27 and 35, respectively 27 ′ and 35 ′, provided of holes 28 and 36, respectively 28 ′ and 36 ′ to allow the assembly of each half-shell with the complementary half-shell, by means of horizontal tie rods.

The tubes 27 and 35 of the upper half-shell 1 are provided, at a short distance above the lowest bracket 91, with two holes 81 and 82, while the bracket itself is pierced with an orifice 83 positioned in the angle formed by the assembly of the arms 13 and 15 of the bracket 91, the drilling 83 being carried out through the arm 13 and the two metal plates 18 and 19 which serve to assemble the arms 13 and 15.

In the same way, the tubes 27 ′ and 35 ′ of the lower half-shell 1 ′ are provided, at a short distance below the highest bracket 91 ′, with two holes 81 ′ and 82 ′ (the latter not visible in the figure), while the bracket itself is pierced with an orifice 83 ′ positioned in the angle formed by the assembly of the branches 13 ′ and 15 ′, the drilling 83 ′ being produced through the branch 13 ′ and two metal plates 18 ′ and 19 ′ which serve to assemble the branches 13 ′ and 15 ′.

Two studs 84 and 84 ′, each comprising a central washer 85, respectively 85 ′, and two orifices 86 and 87, respectively 86 ′ and 87 ′, equidistant from the central washer 85, respectively 85 ′, make it possible to assemble the tubes 27 and 27 ′, respectively 35 and 35 ′, of the half-shells 1 and 1 ′, their upper orifices 87 and 87 ′ coming opposite the orifices 81 and 82 of the tubes 27 and 35 of the upper half-shell 1, tan say that their lower orifices 86 and 86 ′ come opposite the orifices 81 ′ and 82 ′ (the latter not visible in the figure) of the tubes 27 ′ and 35 ′ of the lower half-shell 1 ′.

The studs 84 and 84 ′ can be secured to the tubes 27 and 35 each by means of two keys 88 passed through orifices 81 and 87, respectively 86 and 81 ′, and orifices 82 and 87 ′, respectively 86 ′ and 82 ′ , the keys 88 being maintained by means of pins 88 ′.

A tie rod 89, in this case a threaded rod associated with wing nuts 89 ′, passed through the holes 83 and 83 ′ of the brackets 91 and 91 ′, consolidates the assembly.

The continuity of the formwork face is ensured by a slight protrusion of the coating of the lower half-shell 1 ′, of which each constituent element, namely the boards 3 ′, 4 ′, 5 ′ and 6 ′ and the plywood panels 7 ′ And 8 ′, exceeds the square 91 ′ by a length at least equal to the thickness of the washer 85 of the studs 84, so that the panels 7 ′ and 8 ′ which form the formwork face are joined to the panels 7 and 8 (not visible in the figure) which cover the boards 3, 4 and 5, 6 of the upper half-shell 1.

The tie rod 89 also contributes to ensuring the continuity of the formwork face, by allowing the tightening of the brackets 91 and 91 ′.

This superimposed assembly makes it possible to form shutters of modular heights, from upper half-shells of the type which has just been described and from lower half-shells which are assembled to them.

For this purpose it is advantageous to have lower half-shells of small height, on which can be superimposed if necessary upper half-shells of greater height, the assembly being done in under-rise.

If we then refer to FIG. 4, we see in this figure a half-shell 40 intended for the manufacture of round posts and comprising a layer of calibrated wood 42 on which is fixed a curved semi-circular plywood panel 43.

On the external face of the couchis 42 are fixed by nailing the brackets 46 formed by two boards 52 and 53 juxtaposed assembled by metal plates 54 and 55 fixed by nailing.

Two vertical boards 47 and 48 connect the ends of the boards 52 and 53, one of them, in this case the board 47, comprising a groove in which is positioned a tenon 50, while the other, in the occur the board 48, has a groove 51 intended to accommodate a post positioned in the groove opposite the complementary half-shell.

Each bracket 46 has two orifices 59 and 60, one 59 formed in the branch 52 and the other 60 in the branch 53, the orifices 59 of all the brackets 46 being superimposed, as are the orifices 60, so as to allow the passage of two tubes 62 and 63.

The tubes 62 and 63 are provided with holes 64 positioned a short distance below each bracket 46, so as to allow the assembly of the half-shell 40 with the complementary half-shell by means of a threaded rod 65 associated with wing nuts 66.

The tubes 62 and 63 are further provided with bores 67 positioned at each bracket 46, opposite bores 68 formed in the branches 52 and 53 of the brackets 46, in order to allow the latter to be joined to the tubes 62 and 63 , for example by means of a lag screw passed through the holes 67 and 68.

If we finally refer to FIG. 5, we see in this figure the half-shell 40 assembled with an identical half-shell 41 by means of two threaded rods 65 associated with wing nuts 66.

This figure shows the brackets 46 formed by the branches 52 and 53 joined by means of plates 54 fixed by nailing, as well as the tenons 50 positioned in the grooves 51 formed in the vertical boards 47 and 48 which join the ends of the brackets 46, two 56 posi seals tionned on the edges facing the layers 42 and 43 to ensure the tightness of the assembly.

As has already been said, the formwork according to the invention has the advantage of not having any protrusion on the surface, which significantly facilitates its handling and transport.

To this advantage is added that inherent in the possibility that it offers of an assembly by superposition making it possible to modulate its height, which constitutes an appreciable technical progress authorizing significant savings as well in material as in labor.

Of course, the present invention cannot be limited to the foregoing description of certain of its embodiments, capable of undergoing a certain number of modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1) Formwork for making concrete or cement pillars, of the type formed by two half-shells each comprising a vertical coating, the internal surface of which constitutes the formwork face, a plurality of horizontal brackets with two fixed branches, with a spacing, on the outer face of said couch, and means for assembling the two half-shells, characterized in that two circular orifices (24, 25) are formed in the vicinity of the ends of each bracket (9), the two series of superimposed orifices (24, 25) being each traversed by a tubular element (27, 35), secured to the brackets (9) and comprising a series of holes (28, 36) enabling it to be secured to the tubular element adjacent to the another half-shell by means of horizontal tie rods (31) which assemble the two half-shells (1, 2); further characterized in that it comprises upper half-shells (1) and lower half-shells (1 ′) capable of being assembled by superposition, each upper half-shell (1) comprising, in each tubular element ( 27, 35), a hole (81, 82) positioned a short distance above its lowest angle (91), while each lower half-shell (1 ′) comprises, in each tubular element (27 ′ , 35 ′), a hole (81 ′, 82 ′) positioned a short distance below its highest square (91 ′), these holes (81-81 ′, 82-82 ′) used to assemble two by two using appropriate means the tubular elements (27, 35) of an upper half-shell (1) with the tubular elements (27 ′, 35 ′) of a lower half-shell (1 ′) , this assembly being completed by means of a tie rod (89) passed through two holes (83, 83 ′) formed one in the lowest square (91) of the upper half-shell (1) and the other in the upper bracket (91 ′) of the lower half-shell (1 ′), in the area of assembly of the two branches (13- 15, 13′-15 ′) of said brackets (91, 91 ′), the continuity of the formwork covering being ensured by a slight overshoot of the covering (3′- 4′- 5′- 6′- 7′- 8 ′) of the lower half-shell (1 ′) above its highest angle (91 ′). 2) Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular elements (27, 35) of each half-shell (1, 2) are secured to the brackets (9) by means of lag bolts (30) passed through holes (37) formed in said brackets (9) and holes (38) formed in said tubular elements (27, 35) at the brackets (9), opposite the holes (37) formed in said brackets (9). 3) Formwork according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the means for assembling the tubular elements (27, 35) of the upper half-shells (1) with the tubular elements (27 ′, 35 ′) of the half -lower shells (1 ′) consist of studs (84, 84 ′) provided with a central washer (85, 85 ′) and, in the vicinity of their ends, holes (86-87, 86′-87 ′) intended to come opposite the holes (81-81 ′, 82-82 ′) formed in the tubular elements (27-27 ′, 35-35 ′), said studs (84, 84 ′) being associated with keys (88 ). 4) Formwork according to claim 3, characterized in that the keys (88) are perforated at their end and associated with pins (88 ′). 5) Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the tie (89) passed through the holes (83, 83 ′) formed in the brackets (91, 91 ′) is a threaded rod associated with wing nuts (89 ′). 6) Formwork according to claim 3, characterized in that the layer (3′-4′-5′-6′-7′-8 ′) of a lower half-shell (1 ′) exceeds its highest angle (91) of a length at least equal to the thickness of the central washer (85, 85 ′) of the studs (84, 84 ′).

Images