EP0370185A1 - Process for smoothing a paper or cardboard web - Google Patents

Process for smoothing a paper or cardboard web Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0370185A1
EP0370185A1 EP89116409A EP89116409A EP0370185A1 EP 0370185 A1 EP0370185 A1 EP 0370185A1 EP 89116409 A EP89116409 A EP 89116409A EP 89116409 A EP89116409 A EP 89116409A EP 0370185 A1 EP0370185 A1 EP 0370185A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
smoothing
speed
smoothing zone
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89116409A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0370185B1 (en
EP0370185B2 (en
Inventor
Alfred Dr. Bubik
Hans Dr. Dahl
Rüdiger Dr. Kurtz
Herbert Holik
Peter Mirsberger
Harald Hess
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Sulzer Escher Wyss GmbH
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Sulzer Escher Wyss GmbH
Escher Wyss GmbH
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Application filed by Sulzer Escher Wyss GmbH, Escher Wyss GmbH filed Critical Sulzer Escher Wyss GmbH
Priority to AT89116409T priority Critical patent/ATE76134T1/en
Publication of EP0370185A1 publication Critical patent/EP0370185A1/en
Publication of EP0370185B1 publication Critical patent/EP0370185B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0370185B2 publication Critical patent/EP0370185B2/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/006—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus with extended nips

Definitions

  • the long smoothing zone is formed between a smooth jacket of a heated roller and a belt partially wrapping around the jacket.
  • a not yet calendered paper or cardboard web is more or less dried or moistened with respect to the web thickness and then pressed with the web side of the higher humidity against the jacket of the heated roller by means of the belt.
  • One surface of the web is thus smoothed during the dwell time in the smoothing zone.
  • a desired smoothing process therefore only takes place on one side of the web.
  • the use of temperature and pressure in the smoothing zone is confusing and difficult to control.
  • the aim of the invention is a method for smoothing a paper or cardboard web, in which a web that is still wet can be smoothed as desired without having to first generate an asymmetrical moisture profile with respect to the web thickness.
  • the use of pressure and temperature during the smoothing process should be clear and easy to regulate.
  • the smoothing process can be made particularly clear and controllable as desired.
  • the method for smoothing a paper or cardboard web 1 moving in the direction of web travel (arrow) takes place in at least one smoothing zone 2 with a defined duration of the smoothing process.
  • the material is in the smoothing zone 2 during a dwell time which can be calculated from the length of the smoothing zone 2 and the web running speed.
  • this dwell time which is extended in accordance with the length of the smoothing zone, the material to be smoothed, ie the paper or cardboard web, is exposed to an adjustable pressure in the smoothing zone 2.
  • the pressure can be relatively low.
  • Temperature is used over the surfaces 3 and 4 arranged on both sides of the web 1, which together with the moisture of the web 1 leads to the desired smoothing of the web.
  • the conditions can advantageously be chosen so that there are no overpressed points in a web of uneven basis weight. This happens in the extended smoothing zone 2, which is sufficiently long to achieve a sufficient dwell time of the material in view of the web speed to be traveled.
  • the smoothing zone 2 must be long enough that the desired smoothing process can be completed during the dwell time and the desired smoothness can be achieved. In general, the higher the web running speed is to be, the longer the length of the smoothing zone must be.
  • pressure, temperature, humidity and the length of the smoothing zone are selected depending on which smoothness is to be achieved on which material and at which web speed.
  • a device which is shown as an example in the figures in various schematically illustrated versions, is used to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the device has a smoothing zone 2, which is formed between two mutually facing surfaces 3 and 4.
  • the surfaces 3 and 4 run parallel to one another, are heatable and adjustable relative to one another, so that the web 1 can be exposed to a defined pressing pressure.
  • the surfaces 3 and 4 extend over a longitudinal section in the web running direction, which is indicated by an arrow.
  • the one surface 3 is a jacket 5 of a roller 6.
  • the second surface 4 is formed by means of an endless, flexible belt 7.
  • the belt 7 is supported in the direction of the roll shell 5 by means of a pressing-on support element 8. This has a support surface concave to the belt 7, which is complementary to the radius of the roll shell 5.
  • the jacket 5 of the roller 6 and the belt 7 can be driven at the same speed as the running speed of the web 1. If it is technologically desired, differential speeds can also be used.
  • a flexible belt 19 can also be used, which is guided over roller rollers in a known manner, not shown here, and is formed into a convex shape in the smoothing zone 2 by means of a support element 18.
  • the convex support surface is complementary to the oppositely arranged concave surface of the support element 8.
  • An induction heater for the band 19, for example is indicated in FIG. 1 and designated 20.
  • Another device that can be used, for example for heating with steam or hot air, is also indicated in FIG. 1 and designated by 21. This would advantageously be used particularly when it was a non-metal band 19.
  • the pressure to be applied in the smoothing zone 2 can be generated by adjusting the pressure in the pressure medium of the support element 8 or the support elements 8 and 18.
  • the surface temperature of the smoothing surface can be adjusted by means of the devices 20 and 21.
  • the moisture is given by the moisture of the web 1 to be treated.
  • the flexible bands are tight, i.e. impermeable, and between the band and the support surface of the support element a liquid layer is provided, which is built up in a hydrostatic and / or hydrodynamic manner. It ensures that the belt runs smoothly along the support surfaces.
  • the liquid could be tempered for heating as well as for cooling.
  • the support elements can be sliding shoes known per se, with a liquid being introduced between the support surface and the band.
  • the support elements can also be hydrostatic support elements known per se.
  • both the pressure and the temperature in the smoothing zone 2 can be adjusted as required, if desired, in a graduated manner. If a smoothing gap is not sufficient or if only one surface per gap is designed to be heatable, it is advantageous to arrange two smoothing zones one behind the other, as shown in FIG. 1. If only one surface is used in a smoothing zone, it is advisable to heat the opposite surface so that the two sides of the web are smoothed one after the other on one surface.
  • Another embodiment provides endless, flexible belts 7, which form the two surfaces 3 and 4.
  • the bands are supported by mutually adjustable support elements 9, see Figs. 2 and 4, supported, each having a flat support surface facing the belt 7. They can be pressed against one another in a known manner in a defined manner.
  • hydrostatic support elements are shown here, sliding blocks of a known type can also be used.
  • a liquid layer is provided between each belt 7 and the flat support surface of the support element 9, which is built up hydrostatically in the example according to FIG. 2.
  • the support element has pressure pockets 23 which are open to the band 7 and can be acted upon by a pressure medium, optionally tempered for heating or cooling. It is also possible to build up the liquid layer in a hydrodynamic manner, as could be the case on surface 3 in FIG. 3, for example.
  • one surface 3 is formed by means of a dense, impermeable band 7.
  • the second surface 4 is formed by a wall 12 adjacent to the web 1, which delimits a pressure space of a box-shaped support element 13 that can be adjusted against the web 1.
  • the wall 12 is designed for the passage of a gaseous medium which can be introduced under pressure through a line 22 into the pressure space under the wall.
  • the support element is piston-like embedded in a support 24, a pressure chamber 25 being provided which can be pressurized with a pressure medium for pressing the support element in the direction of the web 1.
  • a gas layer is formed, which through the gaseous or vaporous medium is built up.
  • the pressure chamber 25 is also supplied with a gaseous or vaporous medium which can pass from there through one or more bores 22 'to the pressure chamber under the wall 12 (FIG. 7).
  • Brushing the surface of the web may also be desirable in the method. This could be done by means of a brush roller 15, FIG. 5, which could be used instead of the roller 6 shown in FIG. 1, for example. If this brush roller is divided transversely to the paper running direction and the parts are driven at different speeds, this can advantageously influence the gloss / smooth cross profile.
  • Another advantageous embodiment offers itself by using a Frame, which is equipped with brush rollers 26 and forms at least one of the surfaces 3 or 4.
  • This frame is part of a box-shaped support element 27 which can be pressed against a web and in which it delimits a pressure space which can be acted upon by a gaseous medium, for example steam. During operation, the medium penetrates through the frame to the adjacent surface of the web 1.
  • the brushes can be driven at a speed which differs from the web speed. If brushes which are arranged transversely to the direction of web travel and are shorter than the web width are used, it is expedient to arrange brushes lying behind one another laterally offset in order to avoid stripes. Here, too, advantages from different speeds of the rollers are conceivable.
  • a support element similar to the one described above, the frame of which is equipped with smooth rollers of smaller diameter, could also be of use in paper technology.
  • a longer smoothing zone 2 can also be formed by means of at least two rows of support elements 9 arranged one behind the other in the web running direction, by means of which the belts 7 are supported, as is particularly clearly shown in FIG. 4.

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Abstract

The smoothing takes place in a smoothing zone (2), in which the operation is carried out under pressure using temperature and moisture. The desired smoothness is achieved with a correspondingly long residence time of the web of material (1) in a smoothing zone (2) which is correspondingly long having regard to the velocity of the web. A still moist web (1) is guided between heatable surfaces (3, 4) which are arranged on both sides of the web (1), face each other across the web, extend in parallel and can each be pressed against the web. The surfaces (3, 4) are constructed over their entire length for forming and holding a given, defined contour of smoothing zone (2). The one surface (3) is, for example, constructed as an outer surface (5) of a heated cylinder (6) and the second surface (4) is constructed as a continuous flexible belt (7) which can be pressed towards the outer surface (5) of the cylinder by means of a concave support element (8). <??>If desired, the web (1) can be smoothed on both sides using the method. <IMAGE>

Description

Ein solches Verfahren ist aus der Europäischen Patentanmeldung Nr. 0 141 614 A2 bekannt. Die lange Glättzone wird zwischen einem glatten Mantel einer beheizten Walze und einem den Mantel teilweise umschlingenden Band gebildet. Eine noch nicht kalandrierte Papier- oder Kartonbahn wird bezüglich der Bahndicke mehr oder weniger getrocknet oder befeuchtet und anschließend mit der Bahnseite der höheren Feuchte gegen den Mantel der beheizten Walze mittels des Bandes angedrückt. Die eine Oberfläche der Bahn wird damit während der Verweilzeit in der Glättzone geglättet. Ein gewünschter Glättvorgang erfolgt also nur an einer Seite der Bahn. Während des Glättvorgangs sind der Einsatz von Temperatur und Druck in der Glättzone unübersichtlich und schwer kontrollierbar.Such a method is known from European Patent Application No. 0 141 614 A2. The long smoothing zone is formed between a smooth jacket of a heated roller and a belt partially wrapping around the jacket. A not yet calendered paper or cardboard web is more or less dried or moistened with respect to the web thickness and then pressed with the web side of the higher humidity against the jacket of the heated roller by means of the belt. One surface of the web is thus smoothed during the dwell time in the smoothing zone. A desired smoothing process therefore only takes place on one side of the web. During the smoothing process, the use of temperature and pressure in the smoothing zone is confusing and difficult to control.

Ziel der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Glätten einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn, bei dem eine noch feuchte Bahn, ohne zuvor in aufwendiger Weise ein asymmetrisches Feuchteprofil bezüglich der Bahndicke erzeugen zu müssen, jeweils wie gewünscht geglättet werden kann. Dabei sollen der Einsatz von Druck und Temperatur während des Glättvorgangs übersichtlich und gut regulierbar sein.The aim of the invention is a method for smoothing a paper or cardboard web, in which a web that is still wet can be smoothed as desired without having to first generate an asymmetrical moisture profile with respect to the web thickness. The use of pressure and temperature during the smoothing process should be clear and easy to regulate.

Dieses Ziel wird durch Maßnahmen, die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 angegeben sind, erreicht.This goal is achieved by measures specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Durch Anwendung von Maßnahmen, die in den Unteransprüchen angegeben sind, läßt sich der Glättvorgang besonders übersichtlich und kontrollierbar nach Wunsch gestalten.By applying measures that are specified in the subclaims, the smoothing process can be made particularly clear and controllable as desired.

Da in der langen Glättzone über die Stützelemente ein relativ niedriger... jeubeb-ver.. bei der Druckabstufung werden kann, werden an Stellen höheren Flächengewichts der Papier- oder Kartonbahn Druckspitzen weitgehend vermieden und eine bessere Qualität des Produkts erzielt. Es können durch die relativ lange Glättzone und genügend lange Verweilzeit des Materials in der Glättzone und damit die gewünschten Glättwerte beiderseits der Bahn auch bei höheren Bahngeschwindigkeiten erreicht werden. Insbesondere die Anwendung niedrigerer Drücke und hoher Temperaturen der anpreßbaren Flächen in Verbindung mit höheren Bahnfeuchten begünstigen eine das Volumen der Bahn schonende Glättung, was hier gewünscht wird.Since a relatively low ... jeubeb-ver .. can be used in the gradation of the pressure in the long smoothing zone, pressure peaks are largely avoided in places of higher grammage of the paper or cardboard web and a better quality of the product is achieved. The relatively long smoothing zone and sufficiently long dwell time of the material in the smoothing zone and thus the desired smoothing values on both sides of the web can also be achieved at higher web speeds. In particular, the use of lower pressures and high temperatures of the pressable surfaces in connection with higher web moisture favor a smoothing that is gentle on the volume of the web, which is desired here.

Im weiteren wird der Erfindungsgegenstand näher beschrieben und erklärt. Die Beschreibung bezieht sich auf eine Zeichnung, in welcher zeigen:

  • Fig.1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel in einer dazu vorgesehenen Vorrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 bis 4 weitere Ausführungsbeispiele,
  • Fig. 5 eine Bürstenwalze und
  • Fig. 6 ein Stützrahmen mit Bürstenrollen,
  • Fig. 7 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem Stützelement.
The subject matter of the invention is described and explained in more detail below. The description refers to a drawing, in which:
  • 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment in a device provided for this purpose,
  • 2 to 4 further embodiments,
  • Fig. 5 is a brush roller and
  • 6 is a support frame with brush rollers,
  • Fig. 7 shows another embodiment with a support element.

Das Verfahren zum Glätten einer in der Bahnlaufrichtung (Pfeil) sich bewegenden Papier- oder Kartonbahn 1 vollzieht sich in mindestens einer Glättzone 2 bei einer definierten Dauer des Glättvorgangs. Das Material befindet sich in der Glättzone 2 während einer Verweilzeit, die aus der Länge der Glättzone 2 und der Bahnlaufgeschwindigkeit errechenbar ist. Während dieser entsprechend der Länge der Glättzone verlängerten Verweilzeit wird das zu glättende Material, d.h. die Papier- oder Kartonbahn einem einstellbaren Druck in der Glättzone 2 ausgesetzt. Bei einer vorteilhaften Wahl der Bedingungen kann der Druck relativ niedrig sein. Über die beiderseits der Bahn 1 angeordneten Flächen 3 und 4 kommt es zum Einsatz von Temperatur, was zusammen mit der Feuchtigkeit der Bahn 1 zur gewünschten Gättung der Bahn führt. Die Bedingungen können vorteilhaft so gewählt werden, daß keine überpreßten Stellen in einer Bahn ungleichmäßigen Flächengewichts entstehen. Dies geschieht in der verlängerten Glättzone 2, die ausreichend lang ist, um in ihr eine genügende Verweilzeit des Materials in Anbetracht der zu fahrenden Bahngeschwindigkeit zu erreichen. Die Glättzone 2 muß so lang sein, daß der gewünschte Glättvorgang während der Verweilzeit abgeschlossen und die gewünschte Glätte erreicht werden kann. Je höher die Bahnlaufgeschwindigkeit sein soll, desto länger muß im allgemeinen die Länge der Glättzone ausgestaltet werden.The method for smoothing a paper or cardboard web 1 moving in the direction of web travel (arrow) takes place in at least one smoothing zone 2 with a defined duration of the smoothing process. The material is in the smoothing zone 2 during a dwell time which can be calculated from the length of the smoothing zone 2 and the web running speed. During this dwell time which is extended in accordance with the length of the smoothing zone, the material to be smoothed, ie the paper or cardboard web, is exposed to an adjustable pressure in the smoothing zone 2. With an advantageous choice of conditions, the pressure can be relatively low. Temperature is used over the surfaces 3 and 4 arranged on both sides of the web 1, which together with the moisture of the web 1 leads to the desired smoothing of the web. The conditions can advantageously be chosen so that there are no overpressed points in a web of uneven basis weight. This happens in the extended smoothing zone 2, which is sufficiently long to achieve a sufficient dwell time of the material in view of the web speed to be traveled. The smoothing zone 2 must be long enough that the desired smoothing process can be completed during the dwell time and the desired smoothness can be achieved. In general, the higher the web running speed is to be, the longer the length of the smoothing zone must be.

Der Einsatz von Druck, Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit und die Länge der Glättzone werden in Abhängigkeit davon gewählt, welche Glätte an welchem Material und bei welcher Bahngeschwindigkeit erreicht werden soll.The use of pressure, temperature, humidity and the length of the smoothing zone are selected depending on which smoothness is to be achieved on which material and at which web speed.

Eine Vorrichtung, die als Beispiel in den Figuren in verschiedenen schematisch dargestellten Versionen gezeigt ist, dient zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Die Vorrichtung hat eine Glättzone 2, die zwischen zwei zueinander weisenden Flächen 3 und 4 gebildet wird. Die Flächen 3 und 4 verlaufen zueinander parallel, sind beheizbar und zueinander einstellbar, so daß die Bahn 1 einem definierten Preßdruck ausgesetzt werden kann. Die Flächen 3 und 4 erstrecken sich über einen Längsabschnitt in Bahnlaufrichtung, die mit einem Pfeil angedeutet ist.A device, which is shown as an example in the figures in various schematically illustrated versions, is used to carry out the method according to the invention. The device has a smoothing zone 2, which is formed between two mutually facing surfaces 3 and 4. The surfaces 3 and 4 run parallel to one another, are heatable and adjustable relative to one another, so that the web 1 can be exposed to a defined pressing pressure. The surfaces 3 and 4 extend over a longitudinal section in the web running direction, which is indicated by an arrow.

Nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 ist die eine Fläche 3 ein Mantel 5 einer Walze 6. Die zweite Fläche 4 wird mittels eines endlosen, flexiblen Bandes 7 gebildet. Das Band 7 ist in Richtung zu dem Walzenmantel 5 mittels eines anpreßbaren Stützelementes 8 abgestützt. Dieses weist eine zum Band 7 konkave Abstützfläche auf, die zu dem Radius des Walzenmantels 5 komplementär ausgebildet ist. Der Mantel 5 der Walze 6 und das Band 7 sind mit der gleichen Geschwindigkeit antreibbar wie die Laufgeschwindigkeit der Bahn 1. Wenn es technologisch gewünscht ist, können auch Differenzgeschwindigkeiten angewendet werden.1, the one surface 3 is a jacket 5 of a roller 6. The second surface 4 is formed by means of an endless, flexible belt 7. The belt 7 is supported in the direction of the roll shell 5 by means of a pressing-on support element 8. This has a support surface concave to the belt 7, which is complementary to the radius of the roll shell 5. The jacket 5 of the roller 6 and the belt 7 can be driven at the same speed as the running speed of the web 1. If it is technologically desired, differential speeds can also be used.

Anstelle des Mantels 5 der Walze 6 kann auch ein flexibles Band 19 verwendet werden, das auf bekannte, hier nicht gezeichnete Weise über Rollwalzen geführt ist und in der Glättzone 2 zu einer konvexen Form mittels eines Stützelementes 18 geformt wird. Die konvexe Abstützfläche ist komplementär ausgebildet zu der gegenüberliegend angeordneten konkaven Fläche des Stützelementes 8. Bei Verwendung eines Metallbandes hat dieses den Vorteil einer guten Beheizbarkeit. Eine z.B. lnduktionsheizung für das Band 19 ist in Fig. 1 angedeutet und mit 20 bezeichnet. Eine andere einsetzbare Vorrichtung, z.B. zur Beheizung mit Dampf oder Heißluft ist auch in Fig. 1 angedeutet und mit 21 bezeichnet. Dieses käme vorteilhafterweise besonders dann zur Anwendung, wenn es sich um ein Nichtmetall-Band 19 handelte.Instead of the jacket 5 of the roller 6, a flexible belt 19 can also be used, which is guided over roller rollers in a known manner, not shown here, and is formed into a convex shape in the smoothing zone 2 by means of a support element 18. The convex support surface is complementary to the oppositely arranged concave surface of the support element 8. When using a metal strip, this has the advantage of good heatability. An induction heater for the band 19, for example, is indicated in FIG. 1 and designated 20. Another device that can be used, for example for heating with steam or hot air, is also indicated in FIG. 1 and designated by 21. This would advantageously be used particularly when it was a non-metal band 19.

Der anzuwendende Druck in der Glättzone 2 ist durch das Einstellen des Druckes im Druckmedium des Stützelementes 8 bzw. der Stützelemente 8 und 18 erzeugbar. Die Oberflächentemperatur der Glättfläche ist mittels der Vorrichtungen 20 bzw. 21 einstellbar. Die Feuchtigkeit ist gegeben durch die Feuchte der zu behandelnden Bahn 1. Die flexiblen Bänder sind dicht, d.h. undurchlässig, und zwischen dem Band und der Abstützfläche des Stützelements ist eine Flüssigkeitsschicht vorgesehen, die auf hydrostatische und/oder hydrodynamische Weise aufgebaut wird. Sie sorgt für reibungsarmen Lauf des Bandes entlang der Abstützflächen. Die Flüssigkeit könnte zum Beheizen wie auch zum Kühlen temperiert werden. Die Stützelemente können an sich bekannte Gleitschuhe sein, wobei eine Flüssigkeit zwischen die Abstützfläche und das Band eingeführt wurde. Die Stützelemente können auch an sich bekannte hydrostatische Stützelemente sein. Ihre Drucktaschen könnten ebenso mit einer heizenden oder kühlenden Flüssigkeit gespeist werden. Mit diesen Stützelementen kann also sowohl der Druck, wie auch die Temperatur in der Glättzone 2 nach Bedarf, wenn gewünscht, auch abgestuft, eingestellt werden.Wenn z.B. ein Glättspalt nicht ausreichen sollte oder pro Spalt nur eine Fläche beheizbar ausgeführt ist, ist es von Vorteil, 2 Glättzonen hintereinander anzuordnen, etwa wie es in Fig. 1 gezeigt ist. Wird in einer Glättzone jeweils nur eine Fläche bezeiht, dann ist es zweckmäßig, die gegenüberliegenden zu heizen, so daß die beiden Seiten der Bahn nacheinander an je einer Fläche geglättet werden.The pressure to be applied in the smoothing zone 2 can be generated by adjusting the pressure in the pressure medium of the support element 8 or the support elements 8 and 18. The surface temperature of the smoothing surface can be adjusted by means of the devices 20 and 21. The moisture is given by the moisture of the web 1 to be treated. The flexible bands are tight, i.e. impermeable, and between the band and the support surface of the support element a liquid layer is provided, which is built up in a hydrostatic and / or hydrodynamic manner. It ensures that the belt runs smoothly along the support surfaces. The liquid could be tempered for heating as well as for cooling. The support elements can be sliding shoes known per se, with a liquid being introduced between the support surface and the band. The support elements can also be hydrostatic support elements known per se. Your pressure bags could also be fed with a heating or cooling liquid. With these support elements, both the pressure and the temperature in the smoothing zone 2 can be adjusted as required, if desired, in a graduated manner. if a smoothing gap is not sufficient or if only one surface per gap is designed to be heatable, it is advantageous to arrange two smoothing zones one behind the other, as shown in FIG. 1. If only one surface is used in a smoothing zone, it is advisable to heat the opposite surface so that the two sides of the web are smoothed one after the other on one surface.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform sieht endlose, flexible Bänder 7 vor, die die beiden Flächen 3 und 4 bilden. Die Bänder sind durch zueinander einstellbare Stützelemente 9, siehe Fig. 2 und 4, abgestützt, die jeweils eine ebene dem Band 7 zugewandte Abstützfläche aufweisen. Sie sind zueinander auf bekannte Weise definiert anpreßbar. Obzwar hier hydrostatische Stützelemente gezeichnet sind, sind auch Gleitschuhe von bekannter Art anwendbar. Zwischen jedem Band 7 und der ebenen Abstützfläche des Stützelementes 9 ist eine Flüssigkeitsschicht vorgesehen, welche im Beispiel gemäß Fig. 2 hydrostatisch aufgebaut wird. Dazu weist das Stützelement zum Band 7 geöffnete Drucktaschen 23 auf, die mit einem Druckmedium beaufschlagbar sind, gegebenenfalls zum Beheizen oder Kühlen temperiert. Es ist auch möglich, die Flüssigkeitsschicht auf hydrodynamische Weise aufzubauen, wie das z.B. in Fig. 3 an der Fläche 3 der Fall sein könnte.Another embodiment provides endless, flexible belts 7, which form the two surfaces 3 and 4. The bands are supported by mutually adjustable support elements 9, see Figs. 2 and 4, supported, each having a flat support surface facing the belt 7. They can be pressed against one another in a known manner in a defined manner. Although hydrostatic support elements are shown here, sliding blocks of a known type can also be used. A liquid layer is provided between each belt 7 and the flat support surface of the support element 9, which is built up hydrostatically in the example according to FIG. 2. For this purpose, the support element has pressure pockets 23 which are open to the band 7 and can be acted upon by a pressure medium, optionally tempered for heating or cooling. It is also possible to build up the liquid layer in a hydrodynamic manner, as could be the case on surface 3 in FIG. 3, for example.

In der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 wird die eine Fläche 3 mittels eines dichten, undurchlässigen Bandes 7 gebildet. Die zweite Fläche 4 wird durch eine der Bahn 1 anliegende Wand 12 gebildet, die einen Druckraum eines kastenförmigen, gegen die Bahn 1 einstellbaren Stützelements 13 begrenzt. Die Wand 12 ist ausgeführt zum Durchlassen eines gasförmigen Mediums, welches unter Druck durch eine Leitung 22 in den Druckraum unter der Wand einführbar ist. Das Stützelement ist in einem Träger 24 kolbenartig eingebettet, wobei ein Druckraum 25 vorgesehen ist, der mit einem Druckmedium beaufschlagbar ist zum Anpressen des Stützelementes in Richtung zu der Bahn 1. Zwischen der Wand 12 und der Bahn 1 bildet sich eine Gasschicht, die durch das gas- bzw. dampfförmige Medium aufgebaut wird. Eine weitere Abwandlung ist denkbar, bei der der Druckraum 25 ebenfalls mit einem gas- bzw. dampfförmigen Medium versorgt wird, das von dort durch eine oder mehrere Bohrungen 22′ zu dem Druckraum unter der Wand 12 gelangen kann (Fig. 7).In the device according to FIG. 3, one surface 3 is formed by means of a dense, impermeable band 7. The second surface 4 is formed by a wall 12 adjacent to the web 1, which delimits a pressure space of a box-shaped support element 13 that can be adjusted against the web 1. The wall 12 is designed for the passage of a gaseous medium which can be introduced under pressure through a line 22 into the pressure space under the wall. The support element is piston-like embedded in a support 24, a pressure chamber 25 being provided which can be pressurized with a pressure medium for pressing the support element in the direction of the web 1. Between the wall 12 and the web 1, a gas layer is formed, which through the gaseous or vaporous medium is built up. A further modification is conceivable in which the pressure chamber 25 is also supplied with a gaseous or vaporous medium which can pass from there through one or more bores 22 'to the pressure chamber under the wall 12 (FIG. 7).

Bei dem Verfahren könnte auch das Bürsten der Oberfläche der Bahn erwünscht sein. Dieses könnte mittels einer Bürstenwalze 15, Fig. 5, erfolgen, welche z.B. anstatt der Walze 6, die in Fig. 1 gezeigt ist, einsetzbar wäre. Wird diese Bürstenwalze quer zur Papierlaufrichtung geteilt und die Teile mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit angetrieben, ist dadurch vorteilhaft eine Beeinflussung des Glanz-/Glätte-Querprofils möglich. Eine andere vorteilhafte Ausführung bietet sich an durch Anwendung eines Rahmens, der mit Bürstenrollen 26 bestückt ist und mindestens eine der Flächen 3 oder 4 bildet. Dieser Rahmen ist Teil eines kastenförmigen, gegen eine Bahn anpreßbaren Stützelementes 27, in welchem er einen Druckraum begrenzt, der mit einem gasförmigen Medium, z.B. mit Dampf, beaufschlagbar ist. Das Medium dringt beim Betrieb durch den Rahmen zu der anliegenden Oberfläche der Bahn 1. Die Bürsten können mit einer von der Bahngeschwindigkeit abweichenden Geschwindigkeit angetrieben sein. Werden quer zur Bahnlaufrichtung angeordnete Bürsten verwendet, die kürzer als die Bahnbreite sind, so ist es zur Vermeidung von Streifen günstig, hintereinanderliegende Bürsten seitlich versetzt anzuordnen. Auch hier sind Vorteile durch unterschiedliche Geschwindigkeit der Rollen denkbar.Brushing the surface of the web may also be desirable in the method. This could be done by means of a brush roller 15, FIG. 5, which could be used instead of the roller 6 shown in FIG. 1, for example. If this brush roller is divided transversely to the paper running direction and the parts are driven at different speeds, this can advantageously influence the gloss / smooth cross profile. Another advantageous embodiment offers itself by using a Frame, which is equipped with brush rollers 26 and forms at least one of the surfaces 3 or 4. This frame is part of a box-shaped support element 27 which can be pressed against a web and in which it delimits a pressure space which can be acted upon by a gaseous medium, for example steam. During operation, the medium penetrates through the frame to the adjacent surface of the web 1. The brushes can be driven at a speed which differs from the web speed. If brushes which are arranged transversely to the direction of web travel and are shorter than the web width are used, it is expedient to arrange brushes lying behind one another laterally offset in order to avoid stripes. Here, too, advantages from different speeds of the rollers are conceivable.

Von papiertechnologischem Nutzen könnte auch ein dem vorher beschriebenen ähnliches Stützelement sein, dessen Rahmen mit glatten Walzen kleineren Durchmessers bestückt ist.A support element similar to the one described above, the frame of which is equipped with smooth rollers of smaller diameter, could also be of use in paper technology.

Eine längere Glättzone 2 kann auch mittels mindestens zwei hintereinander in Bahnlaufrichtung angeordneter Reihen von Stützelementen 9 gebildet werden, von welchen die Bänder 7 abgestützt sind, wie dies in Fig. 4 besonders anschaulich gezeigt ist.A longer smoothing zone 2 can also be formed by means of at least two rows of support elements 9 arranged one behind the other in the web running direction, by means of which the belts 7 are supported, as is particularly clearly shown in FIG. 4.

Obzwar bei erfindungsgemäßem Einsatz eines relativ niedrigen Druckes in der Glättzone die Gefahr von überpreßten Stellen in der Bahn 1 weitgehend eliminiert ist, könnte es in einigen Fällen von Vorteil sein, das eingesetzte elastische Band aus weichem Material herstellen oder mit einem weicheren elastischen Material zu beschichten, um ein zusätzliches Potential zur Vermeidung der lokalen Überpressungen in der Bahn zu schaffen.Although the risk of overpressed points in the web 1 is largely eliminated when a relatively low pressure in the smoothing zone is used according to the invention, it could be advantageous in some cases to produce the elastic band used from soft material or to coat it with a softer elastic material, to create additional potential to avoid local overpressures in the train.

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zum Glätten einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn (1) in einer Glättzone (2) während einer durch die Verweilzeit der Bahn in der Glättzone vorgegebenen Dauer des Glättvorganges, wobei in der Glättzone mit einem Druck unter Einsatz von Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit gearbeitet wird und wobei die gewünschte Glatte bei entsprechend langer Verweilzeit des zu glättenden Materials in einer dementsprechend langen Glättzone erreicht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine noch feuchte Bahn (1) zwischen beiderseits der Bahn angeordneten, zu der Bahn weisenden, parallel verlaufenden, gegen die Bahn jeweils anpreßbaren, beheizbaren Flächen (3, 4) geführt wird, die zum Bilden und Halten einer vorgegebenen, definierten Kontur der Glättzone (2) über ihre ganze Länge ausgebildet sind.1. A method for smoothing a paper or cardboard web (1) in a smoothing zone (2) during a predetermined by the dwell time of the web in the smoothing zone duration of the smoothing process, working in the smoothing zone with a pressure using temperature and humidity and wherein the desired smoothness is achieved with a correspondingly long dwell time of the material to be smoothed in a correspondingly long smoothing zone, characterized in that a still moist web (1) is arranged between the web on both sides, facing, parallel to the web, and can be pressed against the web , heated surfaces (3, 4) is guided, which are designed to form and hold a predetermined, defined contour of the smoothing zone (2) over its entire length. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch Bildung der einen Fläche (3) mittels des Mantels (5) einer Walze (6) und der zweiten Fläche (4) mittels eines endlosen flexiblen Bandes (7), das in Richtung zu dem Walzenmantel (5) mittels eines mit einer konkaven, zu dem Radius des Walzenmantels (5) komplementär ausgebildeten Stützfläche versehenen Stützelementes (8) abgestützt ist, wobei der Mantel (5) der Walze (6) und das flexible Band (7) mit einer zu der Bahnlaufgeschwindigkeit gleichen Geschwindigkeit antreibbar sind.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by forming the one surface (3) by means of the jacket (5) of a roller (6) and the second surface (4) by means of an endless flexible belt (7) which is directed towards the roller jacket ( 5) is supported by means of a support element (8) which is provided with a concave support surface which is complementary to the radius of the roll cover (5), the cover (5) of the roll (6) and the flexible belt (7) having a speed corresponding to the web running speed same speed can be driven. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch Bildung der beiden Flächen (3, 4) mittels endloser flexibler Bänder (7), die durch einstellbare Stützelemente (9) abgestützt werden, die jeweils eine ebene dem Band zugewandte Fläche (10) aufweisen.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized by forming the two surfaces (3, 4) by means of endless flexible bands (7) which are supported by adjustable support elements (9), each of which has a flat surface (10) facing the band. 4. Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 2 oder 3, gekennzeichnet durch Verwendung eines undurchlässigen endlosen flexiblen Bandes (7) und durch Bildung einer Flüssigkeitsschicht (11) zwischen dem Band (7) und der dem Band (7) zugewandten Fläche (10) des Stützelementes (9), welche Flüssigkeitsschicht auf hydrodynamische und/oder hydrostatische Weise aufgebaut wird.4. The method according to claims 2 or 3, characterized by using an impermeable endless flexible band (7) and by forming a liquid layer (11) between the band (7) and the band (7) facing surface (10) of the support element (9 ) what layer of liquid on is built hydrodynamic and / or hydrostatic manner. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die eine Fläche (3) undurchlässig ausgebildet ist und daß die zweite Fläche (4) durch eine Wand (12) gebildet wird, die einen Druckraum eines Stützelementes (9) in Richtung zu der Bahn (1) abgrenzt und zum Durchlassen eines gasförmigen Mediums aus dem Druckraum geeignet ist.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the one surface (3) is impervious and that the second surface (4) is formed by a wall (12) which has a pressure chamber of a support element (9) towards the web (1) delimited and is suitable for the passage of a gaseous medium from the pressure chamber. 6. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch Verwendung von Stützelementen, die in mindestens zwei hintereinanderfolgenden Reihen in Bahnlaufrichtung angeordnet sind.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the use of support elements which are arranged in at least two successive rows in the web running direction. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch Anwendung einer Bürstenwalze (15, Fig. 5) als einer der Flächen (3 oder 4), wobei die Bürstenwalze mit einer Differenzgeschwindigkeit zu der Bahngeschwindigkeit antreibbar ist.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the use of a brush roller (15, Fig. 5) as one of the surfaces (3 or 4), the brush roller being drivable at a differential speed to the web speed. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bürstenwalze quer zu ihrer Achse geteilt ist, wobei die Teile mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit antreibbar sind.8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brush roller is divided transversely to its axis, the parts being drivable at different speeds. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch Anwendung eines Rahmens mit darin gelagerten Bürstenrollen (Fig. 6) zur Bildung mindestens einer der Flächen (3 oder 4).9. The method according to claim 1, characterized by using a frame with brush rollers mounted therein (Fig. 6) to form at least one of the surfaces (3 or 4). 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achsen der Bürsten quer zur Bahnlaufrichtung angeordnet sind und mindestens eine der Bürstenwalzen mit einer Differenzgeschwindigkeit zu der Bahngeschwindigkeit antreibbar ist.10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the axes of the brushes are arranged transversely to the web running direction and at least one of the brush rollers can be driven at a differential speed to the web speed. 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bürstenwalzen quer zur Bahnlaufrichtung angeordnet sind und ihre Länge nur einem Teil der Bahnbreite entspricht und daß die in Laufrichtung nacheinanderliegenden Bürsten versetzt angeordnet sind.11. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the brush rollers are arranged transversely to the web running direction and their length is only a part of the Corresponds to the width of the web and that the brushes lying one behind the other in the running direction are arranged offset. 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den Bürstenwalzen ein gasförmiges wärmeübertragendes Medium in Richtung zu der Bahn austreten kann.12. The method according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that between the brush rollers a gaseous heat transfer medium can escape in the direction of the web.
EP89116409A 1988-10-31 1989-09-06 Process for smoothing a paper or cardboard web Expired - Lifetime EP0370185B2 (en)

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AT89116409T ATE76134T1 (en) 1988-10-31 1989-09-06 METHOD OF FADERING A WEB OF PAPER OR CARDBOARD.

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CH404588 1988-10-31
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EP0370185B1 (en) 1992-05-13
ATE76134T1 (en) 1992-05-15
US5163364A (en) 1992-11-17
EP0370185B2 (en) 2000-01-19
DE3920204C2 (en) 1991-04-11
DE3920204A1 (en) 1990-05-10

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