EP0366611B1 - Device for forming a supplemental fold in folders of rotary printing machines - Google Patents

Device for forming a supplemental fold in folders of rotary printing machines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0366611B1
EP0366611B1 EP89810789A EP89810789A EP0366611B1 EP 0366611 B1 EP0366611 B1 EP 0366611B1 EP 89810789 A EP89810789 A EP 89810789A EP 89810789 A EP89810789 A EP 89810789A EP 0366611 B1 EP0366611 B1 EP 0366611B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
folding
printing
region
copy
fold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89810789A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0366611A3 (en
EP0366611A2 (en
Inventor
Eduard Von Hein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wifag Maschinenfabrik AG
Original Assignee
Wifag Maschinenfabrik AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Wifag Maschinenfabrik AG filed Critical Wifag Maschinenfabrik AG
Publication of EP0366611A2 publication Critical patent/EP0366611A2/en
Publication of EP0366611A3 publication Critical patent/EP0366611A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0366611B1 publication Critical patent/EP0366611B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H45/00—Folding thin material
    • B65H45/12—Folding articles or webs with application of pressure to define or form crease lines
    • B65H45/16—Rotary folders
    • B65H45/161—Flying tuck folders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing an additional fold in folders of rotary printing presses according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Folding devices of the type mentioned above are known. Folding takes place at full paper running speed by means of a rotating folding knife which emerges from the surface of a rotating drum, the folding knife tip showing the printed copy to be folded or. Print copy package pushes into two oppositely driven folding rollers.
  • a disadvantage of these devices is the folding away at a high paper running speed. This leads to damage due to the whip effect occurring at the trailing ends of the printed copies.
  • a device for producing an additional fold is known from US Pat. No. 1,890,971, the fold rollers of which are provided with knurled areas for better grasping of the fold products. Except for these Knurlings have a uniform diameter over their entire circumference, with the exception of a narrow end area between a gear wheel attached to one end of each folding roller and a circumferential knurling spaced apart therefrom, the intermediate area here having a smaller diameter than the rest of the two folding rollers, so that the longitudinal fold the continuous folding products are not subjected to additional rolling. Damage to the trailing ends of the printed copies as a result of a whip effect cannot be avoided by this known device.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a device for producing a further fold of the type specified in the preamble of patent claim 1 in such a way that damage to the trailing ends of the printed copies to be folded due to the inevitably occurring whip effect can be reliably avoided.
  • the advantages achieved with the invention are based on the fact that, due to the corresponding configuration of at least one folding roller, the trailing ends of the printed copies can "flutter", that is to say the unavoidable whip effect occurs, but no folds can be rolled into the trailing ends of the printed copies, so that damage to the ends of the printed copies is reliably avoided and the printed copies remain wrinkle-free with the exception of the desired folds.
  • the middle third of the length of the printed copy is additionally guided with the tapes by remaining areas of the folding roller surface without the middle part of the printed copy being rolled out between the folding rollers. This enables high folding speeds in high folding quality.
  • the folding rollers 4, 5 grip the printed copy 2 introduced into the folding nip by the folding knife 3, form the fold 32 and guide the printed copy 2 to the delivery wheel 13 with the aid of the conveyor belt system 6, 7.
  • the folding rollers 4 and 5 have cutouts 14 and 15, respectively. These cutouts 14 and 15 enable the trailing end 16 of the printed copy 2 to flutter freely, while the printed copy 2 is fed to the delivery wheel 13 through the belts 17 and 18 of the conveyor belt system 6, 7.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically how the folding rollers 4 and 5 are designed.
  • a printed copy 2 was drawn in with a dashed line to show which area of the printed copy 2 touches where the folding roller 4 and 5, respectively.
  • the folding roller 4 or 5 is rotatably and drivably mounted with its axes 19 and 20 in the pairs of pivot levers 8 and 9, respectively.
  • the part 21 of the folding roller surface which forms the fold of the printed copy 2 is continuous and has only incisions 22 and 23 for guiding the strips 17 and 18, respectively. This part 21, which forms the fold of the printed copy, extends over approximately a third of the length of the printed copy 2 when viewed in the unwinding direction.
  • the first area 24 adjoining the part 21 of the folding rollers 4 and 5 is provided with a recess 25 which is delimited on the left and right by the remaining areas 26 and 27.
  • the width of the cutout 25 is dimensioned such that the printed copy 2 comes to rest on both sides with the edge zones on the remaining surfaces 26 and 27.
  • guide rings 28, 29 are arranged to support the bands 17 and 18, respectively.
  • the length of the first area 24 corresponds to approximately one third of the length of the printed copy 2, which means that the second third of the printed copy covers this first area 24 when viewed in the unwinding direction.
  • the trailing end of the printed copy 2 can flutter freely in this second region 30.
  • the folds caused by the whip effect and the resulting fluttering of the printed copies 2 are not rolled in, but they are smoothed out when the printed copies 2 are transported, since these are only held by the belts 17 and 18.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines zusätzlichen Falzes in Falzapparaten von Rotationsdruckmaschinen gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for producing an additional fold in folders of rotary printing presses according to the preamble of claim 1.

Falzvorrichtungen der obengenannten Art sind bekannt. DasFalzen erfolgt bei voller Papierlaufgeschwindigkeit mittels einem rotierenden Falzmesser, das aus der Oberfläche einer umlaufenden Trommel heraustritt, wobei die Falzmesserspitze das zu falzende Druckexemplar resp. Druckexemplarpaket in zwei gegenläufig angetriebene Falzwalzen stösst. Nachteilig ist bei diesen Vorrichtungen das Wegfalzen bei hoher Papierlaufgeschwindigkeit. Dies führt durch den dabei auftretenden Peitscheneffekt an den nachlaufenden Enden der Druckexemplare zu Beschädigungen.Folding devices of the type mentioned above are known. Folding takes place at full paper running speed by means of a rotating folding knife which emerges from the surface of a rotating drum, the folding knife tip showing the printed copy to be folded or. Print copy package pushes into two oppositely driven folding rollers. A disadvantage of these devices is the folding away at a high paper running speed. This leads to damage due to the whip effect occurring at the trailing ends of the printed copies.

Aus der DE-OS 28 46 191 ist ein Verfahren bekannt geworden, bei welchem die zu falzenden Exemplarpakete auf zwei analoge Falzvorrichtungen verteilt und damit die Falzgeschwindigkeiten halbiert werden, was zum Abbau des Peitscheneffektes führen soll. Ein Falzapparat nach diesem Verfahren ist aber sehr aufwendig, da er für den zusätzlichen Falz zwei Falzvorrichtungen benötigt.From DE-OS 28 46 191 a method has become known in which the copy packages to be folded are distributed over two analog folding devices and thus the folding speeds are halved, which should lead to the reduction of the whip effect. A folder according to this method is very complex because it requires two folders for the additional folder.

Aus der US-PS 1'890'971 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines zusätzlichen Falzes bekannt, deren Falzwalzen zum besseren Erfassen der Falzprodukte mit gerändelten Bereichen versehen sind. Abgesehen von diesen Rändelungen haben die Walzen über ihren gesamten Umfang einen einheitlichen Durchmesser mit Ausnahme eines schmalen Endbereiches zwischen einem jeweils an einem Ende jeder Falzwalze angebrachten Zahnrad und einer hiervon beabstandeten Umfangsrändelung, wobei hier der Zwischenbereich einen kleineren Durchmesser aufweist als der Rest der beiden Falzwalzen, damit der Längsfalz der durchlaufenden Falzprodukte keine zusätzlichen Walzung erfährt. Beschädigungen an den nachlaufenden Enden der Druckexemplare infolge eines auftretenden Peitscheneffektes können durch diese bekannte Vorrichtung nicht vermieden werden.A device for producing an additional fold is known from US Pat. No. 1,890,971, the fold rollers of which are provided with knurled areas for better grasping of the fold products. Except for these Knurlings have a uniform diameter over their entire circumference, with the exception of a narrow end area between a gear wheel attached to one end of each folding roller and a circumferential knurling spaced apart therefrom, the intermediate area here having a smaller diameter than the rest of the two folding rollers, so that the longitudinal fold the continuous folding products are not subjected to additional rolling. Damage to the trailing ends of the printed copies as a result of a whip effect cannot be avoided by this known device.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines weiteren Falzes der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Art so weiter zu entwickeln, dass eine Beschädigung der nachlaufenden Enden der zu falzenden Druckexemplare aufgrund des zwangsläufig auftretenden Peitscheneffektes zuverlässig vermieden werden kann.The object of the present invention is to develop a device for producing a further fold of the type specified in the preamble of patent claim 1 in such a way that damage to the trailing ends of the printed copies to be folded due to the inevitably occurring whip effect can be reliably avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Zweckmässige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Useful embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile beruhen darauf, dass aufgrund der entsprechenden Ausgestaltung mindestens einer Falzwalze die nachlaufenden Enden der Druckexemplare "ausflattern'' können, also der nicht zu verrmeidende Peitscheneffekt zwar auftritt, jedoch in die nachlaufenden Enden der Druckexemplare keine Falten eingewalzt werden können, so dass eine Beschädigung der Enden der Druckexemplare sicher vermieden ist und die Druckexemplare -mit Ausnahme des gewünschten Falzes- faltenfrei bleiben.The advantages achieved with the invention are based on the fact that, due to the corresponding configuration of at least one folding roller, the trailing ends of the printed copies can "flutter", that is to say the unavoidable whip effect occurs, but no folds can be rolled into the trailing ends of the printed copies, so that damage to the ends of the printed copies is reliably avoided and the printed copies remain wrinkle-free with the exception of the desired folds.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn das mittlere Drittel der Druckexemplarlänge durch stehengelassene Restflächen der Falzwalzenoberfläche zusätzlich mit den Bändern geführt ist, ohne dass der Mittelteil des Druckexemplares zwischen den Falzwalzen noch ausgewalzt wird. Dadurch sind hohe Falzgeschwindigkeiten in hoher Falzqualität möglich.It is particularly advantageous if the middle third of the length of the printed copy is additionally guided with the tapes by remaining areas of the folding roller surface without the middle part of the printed copy being rolled out between the folding rollers. This enables high folding speeds in high folding quality.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beschrieben.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown and will be described below.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Aufriss der Vorrichtung bei Beginn des Falzvorganges des Exemplares
Fig. 2
einen Aufriss der Vorrichtung bei Ende des Falzvorganges des Exemplares
Fig. 3
eine räumlich dargestellte Ansicht einer Falzwalze
Die nach Fig. 1 auf einem Falztisch 1 ankommenden Druckexemplare 2 werden durch die Spitze des Falzmessers 3 zwischen die auf bekannte Art gegenläufig angetriebenen und symmetrisch angeordneten Falzwalzen 4 und 5 gedrückt. Jede der Falzwalzen 4 und 5 treibt ein Transportbandsystem 6, 7 an. Die Falzwalzen 4 und 5 sind je auf einem Paar von Schwenkhebeln 8 bzw. 9 drehbar angebracht. Die Schwenkhebel 8 bzw. 9 sind um die Drehpunkte 10 bzw. 11 schwenkbar gelagert. Durch Einstellmechanismen 12 lässt sich der Falzspalt zwischen den Falzwalzen 4 und 5 durch Schwenken der Schwenkhebel 8 und 9 jeweils der Dicke des zu falzenden Druckexemplars 2 anpassen.Show it:
Fig. 1
an elevation of the device at the beginning of the folding process of the specimen
Fig. 2
an elevation of the device at the end of the folding process of the specimen
Fig. 3
a spatially represented view of a folding roller
1 arriving on a folding table 1 printed copies 2 are pressed by the tip of the folding knife 3 between the counterclockwise driven and symmetrically arranged folding rollers 4 and 5. Each of the folding rollers 4 and 5 drives a conveyor belt system 6, 7. The folding rollers 4 and 5 are each rotatably mounted on a pair of pivot levers 8 and 9, respectively. The pivot levers 8 and 9 are pivotally mounted about the pivot points 10 and 11. The folding gap between the folding rollers 4 and 5 can be adjusted to the thickness of the printed copy 2 to be folded by pivoting the pivot levers 8 and 9 by adjusting mechanisms 12.

Die Falzwalzen 4, 5 ergreifen das durch das Falzmesser 3 in den Falzspalt eingebrachte Druckexemplar 2, bilden den Falz 32 und führen das Druckexemplar 2 mit Hilfe des Transportbandsystems 6, 7 dem Auslegerrad 13 zu.The folding rollers 4, 5 grip the printed copy 2 introduced into the folding nip by the folding knife 3, form the fold 32 and guide the printed copy 2 to the delivery wheel 13 with the aid of the conveyor belt system 6, 7.

Wie auch Fig. 2 zeigt, weisen die Falzwalzen 4 und 5 Aussparungen 14 bzw. 15 auf. Diese Aussparungen 14 und 15 ermöglichen, dass das nachlaufende Ende 16 des Druckexemplares 2 frei ausflattern kann, während das Druckexemplar 2 durch die Bänder 17 und 18 des Transportbandsystems 6, 7 dem Auslegerrad 13 zugeführt wird.2 also shows, the folding rollers 4 and 5 have cutouts 14 and 15, respectively. These cutouts 14 and 15 enable the trailing end 16 of the printed copy 2 to flutter freely, while the printed copy 2 is fed to the delivery wheel 13 through the belts 17 and 18 of the conveyor belt system 6, 7.

Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch, wie die Falzwalzen 4 bzw. 5 gestaltet sind. Zur Verdeutlichung wurde ein Druckexemplar 2 gestrichelt eingezeichnet, um zu zeigen, welcher Bereich des Druckexemplars 2 wo die Falzwalze 4 bzw. 5 berührt. Die Falzwalze 4 bzw. 5 ist mit ihren Achsen 19 und 20 in den Schwenkhebelpaaren 8 bzw. 9 drehbar und antreibbar gelagert. Der den Falz des Druckexemplars 2 bildende Teil 21 der Falzwalzenoberfläche ist durchgehend ausgeführt und weist lediglich Einschnitte 22 und 23 zur Führung der Bänder 17 bzw. 18 auf. Dieser den Falz des Druckexemplars bildende Teil 21 erstreckt sich in Abrollrichtung gesehen etwa über ein Drittel der Länge des Druckexemplars 2.Fig. 3 shows schematically how the folding rollers 4 and 5 are designed. For the sake of clarity, a printed copy 2 was drawn in with a dashed line to show which area of the printed copy 2 touches where the folding roller 4 and 5, respectively. The folding roller 4 or 5 is rotatably and drivably mounted with its axes 19 and 20 in the pairs of pivot levers 8 and 9, respectively. The part 21 of the folding roller surface which forms the fold of the printed copy 2 is continuous and has only incisions 22 and 23 for guiding the strips 17 and 18, respectively. This part 21, which forms the fold of the printed copy, extends over approximately a third of the length of the printed copy 2 when viewed in the unwinding direction.

Der an den Teil 21 der Falzwalzen 4 bzw. 5 sich anschliessende erste Bereich 24 ist mit einer Aussparung 25 versehen, die links und rechts von den Restflächen 26 und 27 begrenzt ist. Die Breite der Aussparung 25 ist so bemessen, dass das Druckexemplar 2 beidseitig mit den Randzonen auf den Restflächen 26 und 27 zum Aufliegen kommt. In der Aussparung 25 sind Führungsringe 28, 29 zur Auflage für die Bänder 17 bzw. 18 angeordnet.The first area 24 adjoining the part 21 of the folding rollers 4 and 5 is provided with a recess 25 which is delimited on the left and right by the remaining areas 26 and 27. The width of the cutout 25 is dimensioned such that the printed copy 2 comes to rest on both sides with the edge zones on the remaining surfaces 26 and 27. In the recess 25 guide rings 28, 29 are arranged to support the bands 17 and 18, respectively.

Die Länge des ersten Bereiches 24 entspricht etwa einem Drittel der Länge des Druckexemplars 2, das heisst, dass das zweite Drittel des Druckexemplars in Abrollrichtung gesehen diesen ersten Bereich 24 abdeckt.The length of the first area 24 corresponds to approximately one third of the length of the printed copy 2, which means that the second third of the printed copy covers this first area 24 when viewed in the unwinding direction.

Der letzte zweite Bereich 30 der Falzwalzen 4 bzw. 5, auf den der Endabschnitt 31 des Druckexemplars 2 zu liegen kommt, ist über die ganze Breite der Falzwalzen 4 bzw. 5 ausgespart. Ueber diesen zweiten Bereich 30 erstrecken sich nur die Führungsringe 28, 29 zur Auflage für die Bänder 17 bzw. 18.The last second area 30 of the folding rollers 4 and 5, on which the end section 31 of the printed copy 2 comes to rest, is cut out over the entire width of the folding rollers 4 and 5. Only the guide rings 28, 29 for supporting the bands 17 and 18 extend over this second region 30.

In diesem zweiten Bereich 30 kann das nachlaufende Ende des Druckexemplares 2 frei ausflattern. Die durch den Peitscheneffekt und durch das dadurch entstehende Flattern der Druckexemplare 2 hervorgerufene Falten werden nicht eingewalzt, sondern sie glätten sich beim Weitertransport der Druckexemplare 2, da diese nur durch die Bänder 17 und 18 gehalten sind.The trailing end of the printed copy 2 can flutter freely in this second region 30. The folds caused by the whip effect and the resulting fluttering of the printed copies 2 are not rolled in, but they are smoothed out when the printed copies 2 are transported, since these are only held by the belts 17 and 18.

Claims (3)

  1. Apparatus for producing a further fold in a printing copy (2) folded at least once, for the folding apparatus of a rotary printing machine
    a) - having a folding blade drum,
    b) - having a folding blade (3) held by the folding blade drum,
    c) - having two folding rollers (4, 5) which rotate in opposite directions, are driven in time with the arriving printing copies (2) and whereof the folding gap is flush with the folding blade (3), and
    d) - having a conveyor belt system (6, 7), driven by the folding rollers (4, 5), for conveying away the folded printing copies (2),
    characterized by the following features:
    e) - the folding rollers (4, 5) have a part (21) which forms the fold (32) of the printing copy (2) and which corresponds in the peripheral direction approximately to the first third of the length of the printing copy (2);
    f) - at least one of the folding rollers (4, 5) has a first region (24) which in the peripheral direction adjoins the fold formation part (21), having cutouts (25) and remaining surfaces (26, 27), whereof the remaining surfaces (26, 27) fix the printing copy (2) during further transport;
    g) - the first region (24) provided with cutouts (25) and remaining surfaces (26, 27) corresponds approximately to the second third of the length of the printing copy (2);
    h) - a second region (30) of the folding rollers (4, 5) on which the end region (31) of the folded printing copy (2) comes to lie is completely cut out with the exception of the guides (28, 29) required for the transporting system (6, 7).
  2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the remaining surfaces (26, 27) in the first region (24) of the at least one folding roller (4, 5) are arranged at the edge regions of the printing copy (2).
  3. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the remaining surfaces (26, 27) in the first region (24) of the at least one folding roller (4, 5) are arranged in the central zone of the printing copy (2).
EP89810789A 1988-10-25 1989-10-18 Device for forming a supplemental fold in folders of rotary printing machines Expired - Lifetime EP0366611B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3836342A DE3836342A1 (en) 1988-10-25 1988-10-25 DEVICE FOR PRODUCING AN ADDITIONAL FOLD IN FOLDING MACHINES OF ROTARY PRINTING MACHINES
DE3836342 1988-10-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0366611A2 EP0366611A2 (en) 1990-05-02
EP0366611A3 EP0366611A3 (en) 1991-04-03
EP0366611B1 true EP0366611B1 (en) 1994-05-04

Family

ID=6365888

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89810789A Expired - Lifetime EP0366611B1 (en) 1988-10-25 1989-10-18 Device for forming a supplemental fold in folders of rotary printing machines

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US5007891A (en)
EP (1) EP0366611B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2606744B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3836342A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0612879B1 (en) * 1993-02-18 1995-02-08 Jensen Ag Burgdorf Apparatus for the automatic folding of laundry
DE29511605U1 (en) * 1995-07-19 1995-08-31 Roland Man Druckmasch Drum folding device for a rotary printing machine
DE19702252A1 (en) * 1997-01-23 1998-07-30 Roland Man Druckmasch Folding rollers of a device for longitudinal folding
JP3257980B2 (en) * 1998-05-13 2002-02-18 キヤノンアプテックス株式会社 Sheet processing apparatus and image forming apparatus
DE19826515A1 (en) * 1998-06-15 1999-12-16 Roland Man Druckmasch Folding rollers with folding blade and cavity
DE19956248A1 (en) * 1999-11-23 2001-05-31 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Method for folding printed copy with several layers, e.g. in magazine production, comprises leaving sections of inner layers at positions of staples with rounded rather than sharp fold
JP4379561B2 (en) * 2001-01-30 2009-12-09 キヤノンファインテック株式会社 Sheet processing apparatus and image forming apparatus having the same
US6878104B2 (en) * 2001-10-05 2005-04-12 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Variable media thickness folding method
JP3752469B2 (en) * 2002-05-28 2006-03-08 ニスカ株式会社 Sheet post-processing apparatus and image forming apparatus
SE523007C2 (en) * 2002-07-04 2004-03-23 Plockmatic Int Ab Roller arrangement is in booklet and folding machine and comprises first and second pairs of rotatably driven rollers, between which booklets pass successively for folding
DE10304534A1 (en) * 2003-02-04 2004-08-05 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Folding roller of a folding device and method for its production
JP4859570B2 (en) * 2006-07-14 2012-01-25 三菱重工印刷紙工機械株式会社 Web folding device and rotary printing press
FR2921353B1 (en) * 2007-09-24 2010-06-18 Goss Int Montataire Sa FOLDING ROLL AND CORRESPONDING BENDER
DE102014007495A1 (en) 2014-05-23 2015-11-26 Manroland Web Systems Gmbh Folding roller with rubber-elastic inserts
DE102018116946A1 (en) * 2018-07-12 2020-01-16 Manroland Goss Web Systems Gmbh folding device
DE102020111152A1 (en) 2020-04-23 2021-10-28 Manroland Goss Web Systems Gmbh Folding roller with coating

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3836342A1 (en) 1990-04-26
JPH02215654A (en) 1990-08-28
EP0366611A3 (en) 1991-04-03
JP2606744B2 (en) 1997-05-07
EP0366611A2 (en) 1990-05-02
DE3836342C2 (en) 1992-04-02
US5007891A (en) 1991-04-16

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