EP0356334B1 - System zur gegenseitigen Informationsübertragung zwischen einem tragbaren Gegenstand, insbesondere einem Schlüssel, und einem anderen Datenträger - Google Patents

System zur gegenseitigen Informationsübertragung zwischen einem tragbaren Gegenstand, insbesondere einem Schlüssel, und einem anderen Datenträger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0356334B1
EP0356334B1 EP89402323A EP89402323A EP0356334B1 EP 0356334 B1 EP0356334 B1 EP 0356334B1 EP 89402323 A EP89402323 A EP 89402323A EP 89402323 A EP89402323 A EP 89402323A EP 0356334 B1 EP0356334 B1 EP 0356334B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
portable object
key
carrier wave
exchange device
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP89402323A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0356334A1 (de
Inventor
Georges Samokine
Gérard Michot
Philippe Namias
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
    • G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
    • G07C2009/00777—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by induction

Definitions

  • the present invention firstly relates to an information exchange system between at least one portable object and at least one sedentary exchange device.
  • the portable object is a key provided with electronic circuits capable of receiving, storing and transmitting information in the form of electrical signals
  • the exchange device is arranged on a lock.
  • the exchange device is arranged to read, when the key is inserted into the lock, a secret identification number memorized in this key, and to prohibit unlocking of the lock if this identification number is not correct.
  • Such a system can be installed on a lock and a key of the conventional type, that is to say already comprising a purely mechanical device for identifying the key, in order to reinforce the security provided by this device. On the contrary, such a system can also be installed on a lock and a key comprising no mechanical means of identification, if the security thus obtained is considered to be sufficient.
  • the present invention aims to overcome this drawback.
  • the subject of the invention is a system as above, characterized in that it comprises means for, in response to said second signal, suddenly varying the charge which represents, for said means d transmission, said portable object, so that, during the duration of transmission of a bit of the first sequence, a bit of the second sequence is transmitted and detected by said first detector means.
  • the information originating from the exchange device and intended for the portable object is transmitted, in known manner, by modulation of a carrier.
  • a modulated carrier one can indifferently use a set of two conductors, or a couple of antennas.
  • variations in amplitude of the modulated carrier that the connection between the exchange device and the portable object is made using two conductors, or using a couple of antennas. In either case, these variations are detected by the exchange device.
  • the problem of the connection between the key and the lock can be solved in a simple way, either using two contactors, or using a pair of antennas, which considerably simplifies the positioning problems. relative contacts or antennas, for example.
  • a mode of transmission allows simultaneity between the transmission of the bits to the key and the transmission to the lock, which allows a reduction in the overall duration of the exchanges.
  • said modulation means are arranged to modulate the amplitude of said carrier
  • said restitution means comprise second detector means for detecting sudden variations in amplitude of the modulated carrier received and said variation means abrupt are arranged to limit the amplitude of the modulated carrier received.
  • the system is practically insensitive to the inevitable fluctuations in the level of the modulated carrier received, linked for example to the quality or cleanliness of the contacts in the case of a contact connection, or to the geometry and relative positioning of the antennas. in the case of a contactless connection.
  • the system is therefore reliable and safe to use.
  • said portable object comprises on the one hand means for clipping said modulated carrier, said second processing means being synchronized by said written signal, and on the other hand means for rectifying the received modulated carrier, as well as regulation means for, in response to the rectified carrier, delivering to all the electronic components of the portable object, a supply voltage of electrical energy.
  • said transmission means comprise a first coil and said restitution means a second coil and the coupling between said portable object and said exchange device is a magnetic coupling, obtained by contactless approximation of said first and second coils.
  • the exchange device 1 firstly comprises a circuit 11 for supplying electrical energy, which generates the supply voltage or voltages AS necessary for the various components of the exchange device.
  • An oscillator 12 delivers a carrier H1, a frequency here equal to 200 kHz.
  • a microprocessor processing circuit 13 is provided with a synchronization input receiving the carrier H1, an output delivering a binary signal CP for controlling the carrier, an output delivering a binary signal P representative of a first series of binary elements, or bits, to send to the key, and of an input receiving a binary signal RS.
  • An AND gate 14 is provided with two inputs receiving the signal CP and the carrier H1 respectively, and with an output connected to the carrier input of a modulator circuit 15, here amplitude modulator.
  • the modulator circuit 15 is also provided with a modulation input receiving the signal P, and with an output connected to the input of a current amplifier 16, charged by a coil 17 in series with a circuit 18 for detecting sudden variations in the current flowing through it.
  • the circuit 18 is arranged to detect the peak value of the amplitude of the current flowing through it and permanently compare it with the instantaneous value of this amplitude.
  • it delivers an RS output signal at level 1 when the instantaneous value becomes greater than the detected peak value, which translates into a sudden increase in the current which the peak detector does not immediately take into account.
  • the RS output signal goes to level 0 when the current suddenly drops. It should be noted that such a device detects an abrupt variation independently of the starting point of this variation, which is useful in the application described, as will be better understood below.
  • the key firstly comprises a coil 27, intended to be coupled to the coil 17, when the key 2 is inserted into the lock, the coil 17 constituting the only access which connects all of the electronic circuits which will now be described with the exterior.
  • a capacitor 31 is mounted in parallel on the coil 27.
  • a full-wave rectification circuit 28 is provided with an input access, receiving the voltage across the terminals of the coil 27, and an output access, one terminal of which is grounded, and the other delivers a signal. straightened RC.
  • a capacitor 32 is arranged in parallel on the output of the rectifying circuit 28.
  • a voltage regulator circuit 21 is provided with an input receiving the rectified signal RC and with an output delivering an AC supply voltage, worth here substantially + 5 V. This voltage allows the supply of electrical energy to all the components of the key that need it.
  • a clipper circuit 22, supplied by the AC voltage, is provided with an input one terminal of which is connected to ground, and the other of which is connected to one end of the coil 27.
  • the clipper circuit 22 delivers a clipped signal binary ECR.
  • a reset circuit 24 is provided with an input receiving the AC supply voltage, and an output delivering a binary signal Z.
  • a circuit 29 for detecting sudden variations, supplied by the voltage AC, is provided with an input receiving the rectified signal RC and an output delivering a binary signal PR.
  • Circuit 29 detects sudden variations in the RC signal. It operates on the same principle as the detector circuit 18 but it also includes an inhibition input receiving a binary signal IN. When the signal IN is at level 0, the circuit 29 goes to level 0 for an abrupt increase in the signal RC, and to level 1 for an abrupt decrease in this signal. When the signal IN is at level 1, the circuit 29 is inhibited and does not detect anything.
  • a circuit 26 for varying the charge and limiting the voltage across its terminals, described in more detail below, is arranged in parallel on the capacitor 32. It is provided with a control input receiving a binary signal D.
  • a sequencer circuit 23, supplied by the voltage AC, is provided with three inputs receiving the binary signals ECR, Z and PR respectively, and four outputs delivering the binary signal IN, the binary signal PR and two signals AU and H2, respectively.
  • a door AND 30 is provided with two inputs receiving the binary signals IN and DE, and with an output delivering the binary signal D.
  • the circuit 26 for varying the load and limiting the voltage across its terminals here comprises a bipolar transistor of NPN 261 type, the emitter of which is connected to ground.
  • a Zener diode 262 is disposed between the collector of transistor 261 and the conductor which delivers the rectified signal RC.
  • the cathode of the Zener diode 262 is connected to this conductor.
  • the Zener voltage of diode 262 here is 6.2 volts.
  • a resistor 263 is disposed between the cathode of the diode 262 and the base of the transistor 261.
  • a resistor 264 is disposed between the base of the transistor 261 and the collector and the base combined, of a NPN type bipolar transistor 265.
  • the emitter of transistor 265 is connected to the collector of a NPN type bipolar transistor 266, the base of which receives the signal D and the emitter of which is connected to ground.
  • This figure shows, by way of example, four successive time intervals, or clock periods, each time interval being able to be considered as the duration of transmission of a bit from the exchange device 1 of the lock to the key 2, and possibly, and as will be better understood below, of a bit from the key 2 to the device exchange 1.
  • the value of the bits of the sequence to be transmitted to the key 2 is represented in the upper part of FIG. 4, which shows here that the first bit to be transmitted is worth 0, the second 1, the third 0, and the fourth 0, by example.
  • the processing circuit 13 is arranged to determine the duration of each clock period, of value T2, so that it is a multiple of the period T1 of the carrier H1.
  • the processing circuit 13 controls the passage of the carrier control signal CP to the high level, and the carrier H1 is effectively applied to the carrier input of the modulator circuit 15.
  • the processing circuit 13 generates the signal P.
  • the signal P is a binary signal which, at the start of each clock period, is at the high level, and at the end of each period clock, low level.
  • the duration, or width, of each of the pulses of the pulse sequence thus formed is modulated, that is to say that it can take one of the values of a couple associated with the two values 0 and 1, possible for each bit to be sent to the key 2.
  • the width of the corresponding pulse of the signal P is worth 12 periods T1
  • the width of the pulse is worth 52 T1 periods.
  • these values are only given as an example, and the width of small value, representative of the binary value 0, can be between approximately 8 and approximately 16 times the period T1, while the width of high value, representative of the binary value 1, can be between 48 and approximately 56 times the period T1.
  • the binary signal P representative of the series of bits to be transmitted to the key 2, is therefore applied to the modulator circuit 15.
  • the latter is arranged so that the amplitude of the modulated carrier is here 10 volts peak to peak approximately when the signal P is at low level, and of 8 volts peak to peak approximately when the signal P is at high level.
  • the modulated carrier after current amplification in the current amplifier 16 is applied to the coil 17.
  • the modulated carrier Upon reception, the modulated carrier is clipped in circuit 22, which generates the ECR signal, of period T1, and which, as will be better understood below, will be used as synchronization signal by the sequencer circuit 23.
  • the received modulated carrier is also rectified in the rectifier circuit 28, which delivers the rectified signal RC shown in FIG. 4.
  • the signal RC after a establishment phase corresponding to the introduction of the key 2 into the lock, is worth approximately 8 volts at the start of each clock period, and substantially 10 volts at the end of each period, the duration of the plateau at 8 volts being that the pulse of the corresponding clock period of the signal P.
  • the signal RC is applied to the voltage regulator circuit 21, which generates the AC supply voltage of + 5 volts.
  • the reset circuit in response to the establishment of the AC voltage, generates a reset pulse Z of the sequencer circuit 23.
  • this drop in level corresponds to the transmission of a bit of value 1 from key 2 to the exchange device, and it corresponds to a level 1 pulse of the binary signal IN.
  • the signal PR at the output of the circuit 29 for detecting sudden variations represents the restitution of the signal P representative of the data transmitted by the exchange device 1, since the signal PR goes from 0 to 1 for the sudden decreases in the signal RC , and from 1 to 0 for the sudden growths of this signal, the transitions relating to the fall linked to the emission of a bit of value 1 by the key 2 being ignored, thanks to the signal IN.
  • the processing circuit 25 is therefore able, in particular from the restored signal PR and the clock signal H2, to know the value of each of the bits transmitted by the exchange device 1, by determining the level of the restored signal PR at moment of the rising transition of the clock signal H2.
  • the circuit 25 In response to the information thus received, representing for example an address of a memory included in the circuit 25, the latter generates the signal DE representative of a series of bits to be transmitted to the exchange device 1, and which represents, for example, the content of the box previously addressed. Naturally in such a real situation, the circuit 25 would wait to have received all of the bits specifying the address of the memory box before transmitting. However, here, for the clarity of the description, and also because one of the advantages of the system of the invention is the possibility of transmitting, during the duration of transmission of a bit to key 2, a bit to the transfer device 1, it is assumed that the processing circuit 25 is immediately ready to transmit.
  • the bits to be transmitted by the processing circuit 25 are for example 0, 1, and 0. It is noted that, during the second clock period, which here corresponds to reception, coming from the exchange device 1, of a bit of value 1, the emission of a bit by the processing circuit 25 is prohibited.
  • Such a characteristic is not compulsory, but it has the advantage, here, that the transmission of a bit by the key 2 necessarily takes place during a clock period when the signal RC is for sure at the high level for the last three quarters of this clock period. This allows a relatively long time to vary, if necessary, and thanks to the signal D, the load that represents, for the amplifier 16 and the coil 17, all the electronic circuits of the key, so to transmit to the exchange device 1, the information at the output of the processing circuit 25.
  • the signal D at the output of the circuit AND 30 is always at level 1, except when the signal IN and the signal DE are simultaneously at level 1.
  • the circuit 26 of load variation and limitation is arranged, as will be better understood below, to consume a large current , when the signal D goes to level 0, and therefore cause an abrupt variation in the charge seen by the exchange device 2, translated by an abrupt increase in current, detected by the detector circuit 18.
  • the load variation and limitation circuit 26 operates as will now be described.
  • the transistor 265 is mounted, in a known manner, to compensate for the influence of the temperature.
  • the transistor 266 is blocked, the resistor 264 is in the air, and the base potential of the transistor 261 is pulled up by the resistor 263.
  • the transistor 261 is therefore strongly conductive, and the potential of its collector is very low.
  • the Zener diode 262 conducts and consumes a large current, which therefore corresponds at a high load for the rectifier circuit 28, and, as a result, the load equivalent to the coil 27 followed by the electronic circuits of the key 2 is increased.
  • the RC potential is forced to a value close to the 6.2 V Zener voltage, compatible, however, with the operation of regulator 21.
  • the circuit 26 can play the role of limiter, because, when the potential of the RC signal tends to exceed 10 volts, the Zener diode 262 starts to drive. This has the effect of stabilizing the load represented by the key 2, and, moreover, makes it possible to use, in the key, electronic components of the HC MOS type, the supply voltage of which must in no case exceed 10 volts.
  • the processing circuit 25 can comprise in particular a microprocessor, which can then ensure, in whole or in part, the functions performed by the sequencer 23.
  • the processing circuit 25 may also include an oscillator, powered by the AC signal to deliver to the microprocessor the high frequency clock signal necessary for its operation.
  • This clock signal relating to the internal functioning of the microprocessor, does not have to be synchronous with the ECR signal, without this being in contradiction with the assertion which has been made according to which the ECR signal is used as synchronization signal.
  • the signal ECR is always used as a synchronization signal, in particular in that it allows for example to obtain the clock signal H2, whose rising transitions define the instants when the restored signal PR is, suddenly safe, representative of the bits coming from the exchange device 2 of the lock. This therefore does not concern the internal functioning of the microprocessor and the signal delivered by the oscillator.
  • FIG. 5a shows a flat key provided with a recess 3 which passes through it, inside which is disposed a module 2 a integrating the electronic circuits of FIG. 2, as well as the coil 27.
  • the module 2 a is protected by two layers 4 of epoxy resin.
  • FIG. 5b shows a cylindrical key, at the end of which is fixed, by screwing or gluing, a module 2b integrating the electronic circuits of FIG. 2, as well as the coil 27, for example a cylindrical coil of same axis as the key, located at the end of the module 2 b
  • the scope of the present application is not limited to the description which has just been given and it is within the reach of the skilled person, for example, to replace the transmission by coupled coils by a transmission by contacts. or else to avoid the ban on transmitting, for the key, when a bit of value 1 has been transmitted by the exchange device, by using the time available in each clock period differently.
  • pulse width modulation followed by amplitude modulation
  • this is not mandatory, and other types of carrier modulation can also be used.
  • the complexity of the identification process generally requires the use of a microprocessor associated with the clock oscillator which has already been discussed. Naturally, if the device is designed to receive several types of microprocessor, the oscillator is programmable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. System zum Informationsaustausch zwischen mindestens einem tragbaren Gegenstand (2) und mindestens einer ortsgebundenen Austauschvorrichtung (1), wobei diese Vorrichtung umfaßt:
    - erste Mittel zur Verarbeitung (13), die ein erstes Signal (P) erzeugen, das eine erste Folge von an den tragbaren Gegenstand (2) zu sendenden binären Elementen oder Bits repräsentiert,
    - Mittel (15), um in Abhängigkeit von dem ersten Signal (P) eine Trägerwelle (H1) zu modulieren,
    - Mittel (16, 17), um die modulierte Trägerwelle (PM) auszusenden, sowie
    - erste Detektormittel (18), um plötzliche Amplitudenveränderungen des Stromes in den Sendemitteln (16, 17) zu erkennen und ein Erkennungssignal (RS) an die ersten Mittel zur Verarbeitung (13) zu liefern,
    und wobei der tragbare Gegenstand umfaßt:
    - Mittel (27, 28, 29, 23), um in Abhängigkeit von der empfangenen modulierten Trägerwelle dieses erste Signal (PR) wiederherzustellen, und
    - zweite Mittel zur Verarbeitung (23, 25, 30), welche dieses wiederhergestellte erste Signal (PR) empfangen und ein zweites Signal (D) erzeugen, das eine zweite Folge von an die Austauachvornichtung (1) zu sendenden Bits repräsentiert,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der tragbare Gegenstand außerdem Mittel (26) umfaßt, um in Abhängigkeit von dem zweiten Signal (D) in plötzlicher Weise die Belastung zu verändern, welche der tragbare Gegenstand (2) für die Sendemittel (16, 17) darstellt, derart, daß während der Dauer der Aussendung eines Bits der ersten Folge ein Bit der zweiten Folge gesendet und von den ersten Detektormitteln (18) erfaßt wird.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Mittel zur Modulation (15) vorgesehen sind, um die Amplitude der Trägerwelle (H1) zu modulieren, und die Mittel zur Wiederherstellung zweite Detektormittel (29) umfassen, um die plötzlichen Amplitudenveränderungen der empfangenen modulierten Trägerwelle zu erkennen.
  3. System nach Anspruch 2, bei dem die ersten Mittel zur Verarbeitung (13) vorgesehen sind, damit das erste Signal (P) ein binäres Signal ist, das eine Impulsfolge umfaßt, wobei die Breite jedes dieser Impulse einen der Werte eines Paares annehmen kann, welches dem Paar möglicher Werte für jedes Bit der ersten Folge zugeordnet ist, und die zweiten Mittel zur Verarbeitung vorgesehen sind, damit das zweite Signal (D) ein binäres Signal ist, das eine Impulsfolge umfaßt, wobei jeder dieser Impulse sich nur dann ereignet, wenn ein Bit der ersten Folge einen bestimmten Wert (0) annimmt, und wobei der Pegel jedes dieser Impulse einen der Werte eines Paares möglicher Werte für jedes Bit der zweiten Folge annehmen kann und die Flanken jedes dieser Impulse entstehen, während der Pegel des ersten Signales (P) konstant ist.
  4. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem die Mittel (26) zur plötzlichen Veränderung vorgesehen sind, um die Amplitude der empfangenen modulierten Trägerwelle zu begrenzen.
  5. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei dem der tragbare Gegenstand Mittel (22) zur Spitzenbegrenzung der modulierten Trägerwelle umfaßt und die zweiten Mittel zur Verarbeitung (23, 25, 30) durch dieses spitzenbegrenzte Signal (ECR) synchronisiert werden.
  6. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem der tragbare Gegenstand Mittel (28) zur Gleichrichtung der empfangenen modulierten Trägerwelle umfaßt sowie Mittel zur Regulierung (21), um in Abhängigkeit von der gleichgerichteten Trägerwelle an alle elektronischen Bauelemente des tragbaren Gegenstandes eine elektrische Versorgungsspannung (AC) zu liefern.
  7. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei dem die Sendemittel eine erste Spule (17) und die Mittel zur Wiederherstellung eine zweite Spule (27) umfassen und die Kopplung zwischen dem tragbaren Gegenstand (2) und der Austauschvorrichtung eine magnetische Kopplung ist, die ohne Kontakt durch die Annäherung der ersten (17) und der zweiten (27) Spule geschaffen wird.
  8. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei dem der tragbare Gegenstand ein Schlüssel (2) ist und die ortsgebundene Austauschvorrichtung (1) in einem Schloß eingebaut ist, um die Entriegelung des Schlosses zu untersagen, wenn die von dem Schlüssel herrührenden empfangenen Informationen darauf hinweisen, daß dieser nicht dazu befugt ist, das Schloß zu öffnen.
EP89402323A 1988-08-24 1989-08-23 System zur gegenseitigen Informationsübertragung zwischen einem tragbaren Gegenstand, insbesondere einem Schlüssel, und einem anderen Datenträger Expired - Lifetime EP0356334B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8811165 1988-08-24
FR8811165A FR2635809B1 (fr) 1988-08-24 1988-08-24 Systeme d'echange d'informations entre un objet portatif comme une cle, et un dispositif d'echange

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0356334A1 EP0356334A1 (de) 1990-02-28
EP0356334B1 true EP0356334B1 (de) 1994-07-20

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EP89402323A Expired - Lifetime EP0356334B1 (de) 1988-08-24 1989-08-23 System zur gegenseitigen Informationsübertragung zwischen einem tragbaren Gegenstand, insbesondere einem Schlüssel, und einem anderen Datenträger

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5376932A (de)
EP (1) EP0356334B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH02153178A (de)
AT (1) ATE108854T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1323658C (de)
DE (1) DE68916879D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2635809B1 (de)

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EP2113887B1 (de) * 2008-04-30 2013-01-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schlüsselschalter
JP5750031B2 (ja) * 2010-11-19 2015-07-15 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 電子回路及び半導体装置

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US4670871A (en) * 1985-06-27 1987-06-02 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories Reliable synchronous inter-node communication in a self-routing network
US4727368A (en) * 1985-12-30 1988-02-23 Supra Products, Inc. Electronic real estate lockbox system
FR2590616B1 (fr) * 1985-11-22 1990-10-19 Michot Gerard Serrure a clef mecano-electronique.
NL8601021A (nl) * 1986-04-22 1987-11-16 Nedap Nv Programmeerbare responder.
FR2598006B1 (fr) * 1986-04-28 1989-01-13 Signalisation Detecteur de presence, a proximite d'un poste de controle, d'un repondeur associe a un porteur
US4857893A (en) * 1986-07-18 1989-08-15 Bi Inc. Single chip transponder device
US4724427A (en) * 1986-07-18 1988-02-09 B. I. Incorporated Transponder device
GB8627241D0 (en) * 1986-11-14 1986-12-17 Chubb Lips Nederland Bv Identification token
FR2607264B1 (fr) * 1986-11-25 1989-05-05 Jacques Lewiner Perfectionnements aux dispositifs d'identification par proximite

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1323658C (fr) 1993-10-26
US5376932A (en) 1994-12-27
DE68916879D1 (de) 1994-08-25
EP0356334A1 (de) 1990-02-28
FR2635809B1 (fr) 1990-11-23
FR2635809A1 (fr) 1990-03-02
ATE108854T1 (de) 1994-08-15
JPH02153178A (ja) 1990-06-12

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