EP0349604B1 - Transformator - Google Patents

Transformator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0349604B1
EP0349604B1 EP88909506A EP88909506A EP0349604B1 EP 0349604 B1 EP0349604 B1 EP 0349604B1 EP 88909506 A EP88909506 A EP 88909506A EP 88909506 A EP88909506 A EP 88909506A EP 0349604 B1 EP0349604 B1 EP 0349604B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cores
core
transformer
coil
phi
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88909506A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0349604A1 (de
Inventor
Hanspeter Bitterli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RIEDI-JOKS Susanne
Original Assignee
RIEDI-JOKS Susanne
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RIEDI-JOKS Susanne filed Critical RIEDI-JOKS Susanne
Publication of EP0349604A1 publication Critical patent/EP0349604A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0349604B1 publication Critical patent/EP0349604B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/08—High-leakage transformers or inductances

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transformer according to the preamble of claim 1 and is based on US-A-1,662,132.
  • Transformers are used to convert the electrical energy of a certain voltage into that of another voltage. They are therefore used in the entire field of electrical engineering and electronics. The fact that electrical energy is transformed three times, often even more often, on the long way from production to consumption, also shows the importance of transformers for electrical energy supply. The technical and economic quality of the electricity supply is significantly influenced by its operational reliability and efficiency. Under these circumstances, the development of transformer construction was pushed exceptionally far.
  • the transformer is one of the most reliable links in the electrical energy supply systems.
  • the transformer basically consists of an iron core and two windings insulated against each other and against earth.
  • the iron core is on the one hand the mechanical carrier of the windings and on the other hand it carries the magnetic flux which causes the voltage to be transferred from one winding to the other.
  • the winding to which the energy is supplied is called the primary winding and that from which the energy, less the transformer's own consumption, is drawn is called the secondary winding.
  • the relative secondary voltage fluctuation is exactly the same as the relative primary voltage fluctuation.
  • the secondary open circuit voltage drops around the inner one Voltage drop caused by the short circuit impedance and the load current.
  • the secondary voltage of the transformer is dependent on the primary voltage fluctuation and load current. This means that due to the constantly occurring alternating loads in the electrical energy distribution networks, the consumer voltage must be constantly adjusted to a specific consumer voltage level of 400/231 volts. This balancing takes place with on-load switches on the overvoltage side in the substation transformers under load. This operating mode inevitably results in enormous wear and tear on the switching contacts of the on-load tap-changers, so that they have to be periodically subjected to an expensive revision.
  • the number of on-load tap-changers possible is limited for constructional and economic reasons, so that there is nevertheless a relatively rough regulation of the consumer voltage and, on the other hand, the change in load occurs in relatively fine stages.
  • These facts mean that the consumer operating voltage is set at 400/231 volts, is on average approx. 5% above the nominal consumer voltage of 380/220 volts, and fluctuates continuously within certain limits. Due to the dimensioning of the electrical devices, they have a fixed internal ohmic resistance or a fixed internal impedance. These events mean that when connected to an approx. 5% overvoltage, these devices also draw an approx. 5% higher operating current from the consumer network and thereby cause an approx. 10% higher electrical energy consumption.
  • the object of the present invention to provide a transformer which solves the problems mentioned.
  • the on-load tap-changers in the substation transformers for electrical power distribution and the step switching in the other transformers for the same or similar application are to become superfluous.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a transformer by means of which the unstable secondary voltage can be kept constant over a certain primary voltage fluctuation range, regardless of load, from idling to full load, or up to a certain overload, within certain limits, independent of the power factor and within certain limits, regardless of the frequency.
  • the invention is intended to create a transformer by means of which any secondary voltage behavior which can be determined as desired can be generated within a certain primary voltage range, independently of the load and / or depending on the load.
  • the invention solves this problem with a transformer that has the features of claim 1.
  • a transformer with four separate cores, one winding comprising all four cores together, is disclosed in US 1,662,132. There is one additional winding on each of the cores, which are all designed without an air gap. The number of turns of the windings are such that the voltage per ampere winding induced in the winding comprising all cores is twice as large as the voltage per ampere winding in each of the further windings.
  • the transformer is used as an step-up or step-down transformer for voltages.
  • a secondary voltage curve deviating from normal known transformers in the case of primary voltage fluctuations and / or load changes is not disclosed.
  • transformers according to the invention are shown in various embodiments, for example.
  • the individual types of implementation serve to create certain types of behavior of the secondary voltage, either load-independent and / or load-dependent.
  • the physical background of its mode of action is also illustrated using various magnetization curves.
  • the basic structure and the functional principle of the transformer and the transformer system according to the invention are explained in the following description. Furthermore, the embodiments shown are described and their mode of operation is explained.
  • the transformer according to the invention is called delta-phi transformer in the following.
  • the delta phi transformer Before going into the basic structure and the mode of operation of the delta phi transformer, it should be said that it can be operated in at least three different functional levels, namely in a primary, secondary and tertiary function.
  • the electrical feed-in takes place directly from an unstabilized network. If he works in the secondary function, the electrical feed takes place on at least one primary winding from at least one secondary branch of an upstream Delta-Phi transformer with primary or secondary function or directly from a stabilized network.
  • Several delta phi transformers with a secondary function can also be connected in series.
  • a transformer with a tertiary function can be both a delta phi transformer and a transformer of conventional design. The secondary winding of the transformer with tertiary function goes into series production switched with the main current or secondary winding branch (s) of the delta phi transformer or transformers with primary and / or secondary function.
  • the electrical feed takes place to at least one primary winding from the secondary current or secondary winding branches of the delta-phi transformer or transformers with primary and / or secondary function (s).
  • the secondary windings of several transformers with a tertiary function can be connected in series. Parallel connection or combined connections of the secondary windings of the transformers with tertiary function are also possible.
  • the functionality of the delta phi transformer is based on a special magnetization effect.
  • the no-load current flows in the excitation winding.
  • the cores Because these cores are surrounded by the same field winding with the corresponding number of turns, the cores experience the same magnetic flux, that is, the flux through one core is equal to the flux through the other core. As a result of the different magnetic characteristics, the cores are magnetized differently, ie different magnetic fluxes or induction form in the cores. As seen from the excitation winding, the no-load current acts on a common core, composed of the individual cores, the total cross-section of which consists of the sum of the individual cores. Due to the excitation voltage applied, the frequency, the number of turns of the excitation winding and the entire core cross-section the corresponding total induction can be determined for each excitation voltage applied.
  • Induction as a function of the flow and the individual core cross sections can also determine the total induction.
  • the total induction B is the sum of the individual magnetic fluxes divided by the sum of the individual core cross sections.
  • the total induction B as a function of the flow, determined in this way, must represent a curve.
  • the remodeling of the magnetization curve induction as a function of the flow into the magnetization curve induction as a function of the primary voltage takes place in such a way that the curve of the total induction B in the magnetization curve induction as a function of the flow is to be divided into equal partial induction, which correspond to the associated partial excitation voltages.
  • the induction of the individual cores above or below the division points also correspond to the partial excitation voltages and can be transferred to the new induction curve as a function of the primary voltage.
  • a delta phi transformer according to the invention is shown in principle.
  • the transformer has two cores with different overall magnetic properties, namely the core core SK, which in turn is divided into two cores 1 and 2 with different overall magnetic properties.
  • core 1 has an air gap section LSK.
  • the regulating core RK also has an air gap section LRK.
  • the winding A in the function of the primary winding, wraps around the two cores SK and RK.
  • the winding B is built on the trunk core SK and the winding C is built on the regulating core RK and represent two secondary windings in the open circuit. This type of construction is mainly used for the delta-phi transformer with primary function.
  • the winding 2 shows the basic structure of an expanded delta-phi transformer with the stem core SK, the regulating core RK, the stem balancing core SAK and the regulating balancing core RAK with different overall magnetic properties.
  • the primary winding A wraps around the cores SK, RK and SAK.
  • the winding B is on the trunk core SK
  • the winding C is on the regulating core RK and the regulating compensation core RAK
  • the winding D is on the trunk compensation core SAK
  • the winding E is built on the regulating compensation core RAK.
  • the windings B, C, D and E are secondary windings and according to the electrical and magnetic design they are assigned certain functions. This type of design is used for a delta phi transformer with a primary function.
  • FIG. 5 shows a core arrangement which is divided into a plurality of cores with different overall magnetic properties.
  • the different overall magnetic properties are achieved in that the core 1 has no air gap and the other cores have different air gaps.
  • the applicable air gap shapes are shown in Fig. 6.
  • the magnetic characteristics in the individual cores 1, ..., n are influenced.
  • the magnetic field lines scatter in the zones of the air gap out. So that the cores do not influence each other magnetically, the individual cores must be spaced at least by the distance of the largest adjacent air gap.
  • the magnetization curve induction as a function of the flooding for curve A must be a straight line for the stem core SK between points D and E.
  • curve B correspondingly for the regulating core RK between points F and G.
  • curve C must also be a straight line for both cores SK and RK between points H and I.
  • Points D, F and H are thus the lower limit values for the specific flow area or primary voltage range and points E, G and I are the upper limit values.
  • Points H and I on curve C must be selected so that the induction at these points corresponds to the lower and upper limit value voltages of the determined primary voltage range according to the transformation law.
  • U 4.44 xfxwx A x B x 10000 always a straight line for B in Tesla.
  • the corresponding induction is to be determined and transferred to curve C of the magnetization curve induction as a function of the flooding according to FIG. 7, which also determines the flooding values present for the corresponding induction of curve C.
  • the associated induction for curves A and B are thus also determined and are to be transferred to the magnetization curves induction as a function of the primary voltage.
  • the total magnetization curves are induction as a function of the flow and 5 to determine induction as a function of the primary voltage for a core arrangement subdivided into cores with different magnetic characteristics.
  • the horizontal line A means a constant
  • the dash-dotted line B a percentage equal
  • the hatched area C a percentage smaller
  • the hatched area D a percentage larger
  • the hatched area E a negative
  • the secondary voltage decreases with increasing primary voltage, respectively.
  • the secondary voltage increases with decreasing primary voltage, the course of the secondary voltage as a function of the primary voltage change from U1 + v% to U1-w%.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
EP88909506A 1988-01-14 1988-11-17 Transformator Expired - Lifetime EP0349604B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH119/88 1988-01-14
CH119/88A CH676763A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-01-14 1988-01-14
PCT/CH1988/000213 WO1989006860A1 (en) 1988-01-14 1988-11-17 Transformer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0349604A1 EP0349604A1 (de) 1990-01-10
EP0349604B1 true EP0349604B1 (de) 1994-05-18

Family

ID=4179683

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88909506A Expired - Lifetime EP0349604B1 (de) 1988-01-14 1988-11-17 Transformator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5422620A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0349604B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH02502955A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE105969T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH676763A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3889658D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO1989006860A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5557249A (en) * 1994-08-16 1996-09-17 Reynal; Thomas J. Load balancing transformer
EP1715641B1 (en) * 2003-02-20 2009-08-19 Strongmail Systems, Inc. Email using queues in non-persistent memory
JP4244150B2 (ja) * 2003-03-14 2009-03-25 富士通株式会社 双方向線路切替えリングネットワーク
EP2144070B1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2012-03-21 Liaisons Electroniques-Mecaniques Lem S.A. Sensor for high voltage environment
DE102010049668A1 (de) * 2010-10-26 2012-04-26 Minebea Co., Ltd. Transformator
US8866575B2 (en) 2011-01-28 2014-10-21 Uses, Inc. AC power conditioning circuit
US8791782B2 (en) * 2011-01-28 2014-07-29 Uses, Inc. AC power conditioning circuit
DE102011089574B4 (de) 2011-12-22 2015-10-01 Continental Automotive Gmbh Elektrische Vorrichtung mit Filter zum Unterdrücken von Störsignalen
US10163562B2 (en) * 2012-12-05 2018-12-25 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Coupled inductor structure
JP2015233033A (ja) * 2014-06-09 2015-12-24 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 コイル構造体及び電源装置
CN113113206B (zh) * 2017-10-17 2022-10-18 台达电子工业股份有限公司 整合型磁性元件

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1662132A (en) * 1925-11-16 1928-03-13 Simmons Bert Joseph Inductance apparatus
DE735778C (de) * 1941-05-04 1943-05-25 Siemens Ag Schaltanordnung, bestehend aus Transformator und Schaltdrossel
FR912527A (fr) * 1944-11-09 1946-08-12 Cfcmug Transformateur à deux ou plusieurs circuits magnétiques
US2780786A (en) * 1953-11-20 1957-02-05 Gen Electric Four leg magnetic core
US3268843A (en) * 1964-07-14 1966-08-23 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Electric induction apparatus for use in railway signal systems
GB1162093A (en) * 1965-08-30 1969-08-20 Sylvania Electric Prod Electromagnetic Devices such as Lamp Ballasts
US3360753A (en) * 1966-08-24 1967-12-26 Sylvania Electric Prod Ballast transformers having bridged air gap
FR1588871A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1968-08-26 1970-03-16
US3673491A (en) * 1970-12-21 1972-06-27 Orestes M Baycura Magnetic square wave voltage generator
US3708744A (en) * 1971-08-18 1973-01-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Regulating and filtering transformer
US4075547A (en) * 1975-07-23 1978-02-21 Frequency Technology, Inc. Voltage regulating transformer
JPS60183963A (ja) * 1984-02-29 1985-09-19 Yashima Denki Kk 三脚トランスを用いた交流電力の位相制御回路

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH676763A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1991-02-28
DE3889658D1 (de) 1994-06-23
WO1989006860A1 (en) 1989-07-27
JPH02502955A (ja) 1990-09-13
ATE105969T1 (de) 1994-06-15
US5422620A (en) 1995-06-06
EP0349604A1 (de) 1990-01-10

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