EP0340260B1 - Rollschuh mit mindestens zwei ausgerichteten rädern entlang einer mittelfläche - Google Patents

Rollschuh mit mindestens zwei ausgerichteten rädern entlang einer mittelfläche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0340260B1
EP0340260B1 EP88908654A EP88908654A EP0340260B1 EP 0340260 B1 EP0340260 B1 EP 0340260B1 EP 88908654 A EP88908654 A EP 88908654A EP 88908654 A EP88908654 A EP 88908654A EP 0340260 B1 EP0340260 B1 EP 0340260B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roller
frame
under
rollers
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88908654A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0340260A1 (de
Inventor
José MURGA
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MURGA, JOSE
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Individual
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Priority to AT88908654T priority Critical patent/ATE83941T1/de
Publication of EP0340260A1 publication Critical patent/EP0340260A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C17/00—Roller skates; Skate-boards
    • A63C17/22—Wheels for roller skates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C17/00—Roller skates; Skate-boards
    • A63C17/02—Roller skates; Skate-boards with wheels arranged in two pairs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C17/00—Roller skates; Skate-boards
    • A63C17/04—Roller skates; Skate-boards with wheels arranged otherwise than in two pairs
    • A63C17/06—Roller skates; Skate-boards with wheels arranged otherwise than in two pairs single-track type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C17/00—Roller skates; Skate-boards
    • A63C17/14—Roller skates; Skate-boards with brakes, e.g. toe stoppers, freewheel roller clutches
    • A63C17/1409—Roller skates; Skate-boards with brakes, e.g. toe stoppers, freewheel roller clutches contacting one or more of the wheels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a roller skate comprising a chassis, at least two rollers mounted on a lower part of this chassis and aligned one behind the other in a common median plane perpendicular to their axes of rotation, and holding means to fix the frame to a foot and to the corresponding leg of a user.
  • US-A-4,418,929 also shows a shoe of the same kind, but provided with two narrow rollers mounted between two vertical plates of the chassis. This structure must also be heavy enough to have the desired rigidity, in particular from the point of view of transverse deformations, and the axes of the rollers are also prominent laterally.
  • Patent CH-A-580 976 relates to a skate with four rollers which are supported two by two by T-shaped supports fixed to the sole of the shoe.
  • the center plate of the T-piece is in the median plane and carries a trunnion on each side, to support a pair of casters which have a transverse profile at an angle, with a larger diameter near the central plate than towards the outside.
  • the two wheels of a pair being close to each other and separated only by the central plate and the necessary clearances, they have roughly the same behavior as a single large central wheel, but their lateral dimensions and the the weight of their support remains important, since a lateral pin and a bearing are required for each caster.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a skate provided with rollers situated in the median plane and arranged so as to avoid the drawbacks mentioned above, in order to allow great freedom of evolution thanks to its lightness, its stability and the absence of projecting lateral elements.
  • each of the rollers comprises two circular cheeks, substantially parallel and of the same external diameter, and a tubular element of smaller external diameter which is integral with the two cheeks, and in that said tubular element is mounted inside a rolling bearing located in the median plane and mounted in an opening of a central plate which supports it, said central plate belonging to said lower part of the chassis and being located in the median plane.
  • each wheel has the general shape of a very narrow coil which can rest on the ground by its two cheeks when it is perpendicular to the ground, or by only one when it is inclined.
  • this coil can be supported by a bearing only in the vicinity of its median plane, which avoids any protruding mount at the ends of the coil, that is to say on the sides of the pad.
  • the bearing can have a narrow and high shape, the large diameter of which ensures good lateral stability of the wheel and allows a fairly large central vacuum, since a support axis is no longer necessary in the center of the wheel.
  • each caster can be hollowed out by a central hole axially traversing the whole caster, this hole containing no mechanical element.
  • said lower part of the chassis comprises a common central plate situated in the median plane and in which the bearings of the two rollers are mounted, this plate being integral with a support plate extending under the foot of the user. .
  • each rolling bearing may comprise an outer ring provided externally with a radial flange mounted with a radial clearance in a groove of the central plate, an elastic material being interposed between this flange and the bottom of the groove to absorb the shocks.
  • the rolling bearing can be a ball bearing, the inner ring of which is formed by the tubular element of the caster.
  • the outer edge of each cheek of the rollers can be covered with an elastomer bandage.
  • a device for braking the rollers is mounted on the central plate of the chassis and comprises braking members slidably mounted along this plate to come into contact with the rollers, and a central control mechanism.
  • a braking member may include at least one frame sliding comprising a wheel pressed against the central plate of the chassis and arranged to roll on the edge of a cheek of the corresponding wheel.
  • at least one of the rollers can be equipped with a rotation mechanism in one direction to avoid rotation backwards.
  • the holding means comprise a collar arranged to be fixed around the user's leg and connected to the chassis by a rigid mechanism transversely, but articulated with respect to a transverse axis at the ankle of the user.
  • Fig. 1 shows a roller skate according to the invention, fixed to a leg 1 and to the corresponding foot or to the shoe 2 of a user.
  • the skate comprises a rigid frame 3 supporting the sole of the shoe 2 and equipped, in its lower part, with a front caster 4, a rear caster 5, a front stopper 6 and a rear stopper 7.
  • the chassis 3 is attached to the shoe 2 using a conventional adjustable strap 8.
  • the skate has a leg support 10 comprising a collar 11 intended to be attached around the user's leg 1 and connected to the chassis 3, on each side of the ankle 12 of the user, by a pair of rigid metal blades 13 and 14 hinged together at 15 at the ankle 12 to allow the collar 11 to tilt with the leg 1 towards forward or backward by pivoting w y relative to a transverse axis Y , as shown in fig. 3.
  • a relative lateral tilting of the chassis 3 relative to the leg 1, by a rotation w z around the longitudinal axis Z is prevented by the rigidity of the support 10.
  • the leg 1 can still perform a certain pivoting w x around its longitudinal axis X inside the collar 11, so that the skater can direct the axis Z of his foot as he wishes.
  • the transverse rigidity of the leg support 10 considerably relieves the efforts to be made by the skater at the ankle. It also has the effect of keeping the common median plane of the two rollers 4 and 5 practically in coincidence with the longitudinal axis X of the leg 1 and tilt it laterally with the leg relative to the ground 19, as shown in fig. 2.
  • the angle A between the extreme positions 1 ′ and 1 ⁇ of inclination of the leg is very large thanks to the narrowness of the rollers and the absence of projecting lateral elements at the level of the rollers.
  • Fig. 4 shows in perspective the schematic form of a hollowed-out reel of the rollers 4 and 5, with two cheeks 20 which are parallel and symmetrical with respect to the median plane and which are rigidly connected by a central tubular element 21 whose outside diameter is less than theirs.
  • the wheel preferably, but not necessarily, has a central hole 22 which makes it possible to lighten it.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 show more particularly the shape of the chassis 3, formed essentially by a horizontal plate 23 supporting the sole of the shoe and a vertical plate 24 pierced with two large circular orifices 25 and 26 for mounting the tubular elements 21 of the rollers 4 and 5, the cheeks 20 of each roller being located respectively on either side of this plate 24.
  • the plate 24 is pierced with holes 27 and 28 for fixing the front buffers 6 and rear 7 with screws, and holes 29 and 30 for mounting a braking device which will be described later.
  • Fig. 7 shows in more detail an advantageous embodiment of a caster 4, 5 and its mounting in the plate 24 of the chassis.
  • the tubular element 21 and the cheeks 20 of the caster are made of a single rigid piece, preferably metallic, the periphery of the cheeks being lined with a bandage 32 made of relatively hard elastomer which has a quarter-circle profile.
  • a bandage 32 made of relatively hard elastomer which has a quarter-circle profile.
  • an enlarged space 33 is formed between the two cheeks 20 and contains a ball bearing 34 comprising an outer ring 35, the element tubular 21 serving directly as the inner ring of the bearing.
  • the ring 35 has on the outside a flat rim 35a which is fitted into a rectangular profile groove, formed in the thickness of the plate 24 and containing a relatively elastomer soft 36 which absorbs the shocks undergone by the caster, the ring 35 then sliding radially in the groove.
  • the plate 24 must obviously have a removable part 24a around the lower half of each bearing 34, to allow the mounting of the rollers.
  • rollers in the form of coils advantageously allow the mounting of a rotation mechanism in one direction (not shown) disposed between the internal surface of a cheek 20 and a lateral surface of the plate 24 or of the ring 35
  • a rotation mechanism in one direction (not shown) disposed between the internal surface of a cheek 20 and a lateral surface of the plate 24 or of the ring 35
  • It may for example be a metal washer with oblique fins cooperating with fine radial grooves formed in said surfaces, or a ball bearing of the "freewheel” type, which locks automatically as soon as it starts a backward rotation.
  • the caster can only turn forward and allows the skater to propel himself easily, especially when climbing.
  • Figs. 9 to 11 illustrate an adjustable braking device 40 which is mounted on the plate 24 of the chassis between the two rollers 4 and 5.
  • the braking device comprises a sliding frame 41 comprising a pair of metal plates 42 each provided with 'a head 43 and connected to each other by two pins 44 and 45 which can slide in the oblong holes 29 (fig. 6) of the frame.
  • Each axis 44 and 45 carries a pair of braking wheels 46 and 47 of compressible material, which are arranged on either side of the plate 24 and which are pressed against it, for example by means of elastic washers, in order to ensure friction braking against this plate.
  • the heads 43 two sliding frames are applied against a central cam 48 whose rotation is controlled by a rack 49 which slides longitudinally in a groove of the chassis under the effect of a rear pusher 50 (fig. 1) and a return spring . Furthermore, the rack 49 is held in position by a ratchet mechanism (not shown) which can be released by lifting the pusher 50.
  • the cam 48 comprises, on each side of the chassis, cam surfaces 51 and 52 which are separate for the front and rear braking mechanisms, but which are similar and angularly offset from one another to simultaneously produce the same braking effect in the two mechanisms.
  • FIG. 11 shows the profile of one of the peripheral surfaces 51 of the cam 48, this cam being rotatable about its axis 53.
  • the head 43 of the sliding frame 41 is pressed against the surface 51 simply by the inherent elasticity of the material constituting the braking wheels 46 and 47.
  • Different positions of the support of the head 43 against the surface 51 during the rotation of the cam are marked by a graduation going from 0 to 4.
  • the frame 41 In position 0, the frame 41 is sufficiently moved back relative to the corresponding caster 4, 5 so that the wheel 46 does not touch the tire 32 and the caster is therefore not braked.
  • the wheel 46 bears lightly against the tire 32 and it slides over it, because its friction against the plate 24 is strong enough to prevent it from turning at this stage.
  • This device makes it possible to solve in a simple way the problem of the metered and simultaneous braking of all the rollers of a skate to allow the skater to safely travel relatively steep descents.
  • the skater can increase the braking force of one skate at any time by hitting the control pusher 50 by means of the front stopper 6 of the other skate. Unlocking can be carried out by lifting the pusher 50 by means of the same stopper or manually.
  • Fig. 12 more particularly illustrates the use of the front bumpers 6 and rear 7.
  • the skater can use the front bumper 6 to propel himself. He then inclines his foot forward, at an angle greater than the angle B which is equal to 41 ° in the present example, and he presses the stopper 6 against the ground 19 to propel himself forward.
  • the stopper 7 acts as a friction brake against the ground.
  • the skater tilts his foot backwards, by an angle greater than the angle C which is preferably here 29 °.
  • the sum of the angles B + C that is to say 70 °, is high enough to allow the skater a great freedom to tilt his foot forward or backward without the stops touching the ground while he is skating.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above.
  • any suitable material may be used for the construction of the various elements, for example steel, light metal or a rigid synthetic material for the chassis and for the rollers in the form of a coil.
  • the articulated leg support 10 can also be the subject of multiple variants from the point of view of construction, padding and fixing devices to the leg, in particular as shown by the publications cited above. may include a half-shell applying over a certain height along the leg, or even be replaced by a complete shoe articulated or flexible longitudinally, to which the chassis is fixed 3.
  • the publications DE-A-2 745 040 and CH-A-580′976 show different ways of attaching a skate frame formed mainly to the sole of a shoe by a central longitudinal plate.
  • the skates according to the invention have the advantage of a central chassis which can be very rigid while being simple and light.
  • the central plate of the chassis simultaneously carries the two wheels, the buffers and, if necessary, the braking device.
  • this simple construction allows for a skate that is lighter and less expensive than conventional skates.
  • the reel-shaped casters are light and have an aesthetic appearance, and moreover they are mounted in large-diameter bearings which are space-saving while being very resistant to shocks thanks to the large number of beads they can hold.
  • the ground support points are always very close to this median plane.
  • the skates according to the invention allow a skater the same developments as those of an ice skater.
  • the user wearing these skates can also move easily in the street or in a building, on longitudinal or transverse slopes and on stairs.
  • the invention applies as well to skates designed to evolve on a track or for figure skating, as to skates intended for movement on the street or in buildings.

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  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Rollschuh, bestehend aus einem Gestell (3), mindestens zwei Rädern (4,5), die auf einem unteren Teil dieses Gestelles aufgebaut und in einer gemeinsamen Mittelfläche, die senkrecht zu deren Drehachsen ist, hintereinander ausgerichtet sind, und Halterungen (10,11) für die Befestigung des Gestelles an einem Fuß und an dem entsprechenden Bein eines Benutzers,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes der Räder (4,5) zwei kreisförmige Flansche (20), die im wesentlichen parallel sind und den gleichen Außendurchmesser haben, und ein rohrförmiges Teil (21) mit einem geringeren Außendurchmesser, der mit den beiden Flansche (20) fest verbunden ist, enthält, und daß das besagte rohrförmige Teil (21) im Inneren eines Wälzlagers (34) eingebaut ist, das in der Mittelfläche angeordnet ist und in einer Öffnung (25,26) einer mittleren Platte (24), die es trägt, eingebaut ist, wobei die besagte mittlere Platte (24) zu dem besagten unteren Teil des Gestelles gehört und in der Mittelfläche liegt.
  2. Rollschuh nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das besagte untere Teil des Gestelles eine gemeinsame mittlere Platte (24) enthält, die in der Mittelfläche angeordnet ist und in das die Wälzlager (34) der beiden Räder eingebaut sind, wobei diese Platte mit einer Stützplatte (23) fest verbunden ist, die sich unter dem Fuß des Benutzers erstreckt.
  3. Rollschuh nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein elastisches Teil (36) zwischen jedem Wälzlager (34) und der mittleren Platte (24) angeordnet ist.
  4. Rollschuh nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Wälzlager (34) einen außenliegenden Ring (35) enthält, der außen mit einem radialen Rand (35a) versehen ist, der mit einem radialen Spiel in einer nut der mittleren Platte eingebaut ist, wobei ein elastischer Stoff (36) zwischen diesem Rand und dem Grund der Nut aufgebracht ist, um die Stöße aufzufangen.
  5. Rollschuh nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Wälzlager ein Kugellager (34) ist, dessen Innenring aus dem rohrförmigen Teil (21) des Rades besteht.
  6. Rollschuh nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der außenliegende Rand jeden Flansches (20) der Räder mit einer Bandage (32) aus Elastomer versehen ist.
  7. Rollschuh nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Rad (4,5) durch ein mittleres Loch (22) ausgehöhlt ist, das das gesamte Rad axial durchquert, wobei dieses Loch keine mechanischen Teile enthält.
  8. Rollschuh nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Vorrichtung (40) für das Bremsen der Räder auf der mittleren Platte (24) des Gestelles angebracht ist und Bremsorgane (41 bis 47), die entlang dieser Platte (24) gleitend eingebaut sind, um mit den Rädern in Berührung zu kommen, und eine mittlere mechanische Einrichtung für die Steuerung (48 bis 52) enthält.
  9. Rollschuh nach Anspruch 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Bremsorgan mindestens ein gleitendes Gestell (41) enthält, das ein Rad (46) trägt, das gegen die mittlere Platte (24) des Gestelles (3) angelegt und eingerichtet ist, um auf dem Rand (32) eines Flansches des entsprechenden Rades zu rollen.
  10. Rollschuh nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Rad (4,5) mit einer Einrichtung für eine Drehbewegung in eine einzige Richtung ausgerüstet ist, um eine Drehbewegung nach hinten zu verhindern.
  11. Rollschuh nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagten Halterungen (10) ein Band (11) enthalten, das eingerichtet ist, um um das Bein des Benutzers befestigt zu werden und mit dem Gestell (3) über eine Einrichtung (13 bis 15) verbunden ist, die in Querrichtung starr, jedoch gegenüber einer querliegenden Achse (Y) im Bereich des Sprunggelenkes des Benutzers gelenkig ist.
EP88908654A 1987-10-23 1988-10-17 Rollschuh mit mindestens zwei ausgerichteten rädern entlang einer mittelfläche Expired - Lifetime EP0340260B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88908654T ATE83941T1 (de) 1987-10-23 1988-10-17 Rollschuh mit mindestens zwei ausgerichteten raedern entlang einer mittelflaeche.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8714884 1987-10-23
FR8714884A FR2622119B1 (fr) 1987-10-23 1987-10-23 Patin a roulettes comportant au moins deux roulettes montees dans un plan median

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0340260A1 EP0340260A1 (de) 1989-11-08
EP0340260B1 true EP0340260B1 (de) 1992-12-30

Family

ID=9356232

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88908654A Expired - Lifetime EP0340260B1 (de) 1987-10-23 1988-10-17 Rollschuh mit mindestens zwei ausgerichteten rädern entlang einer mittelfläche

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5069462A (de)
EP (1) EP0340260B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH02501711A (de)
AT (1) ATE83941T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3877186T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2622119B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1989003712A1 (de)

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FR2666239B1 (fr) * 1990-09-04 1994-08-12 Cros Michel Dispositif a deux elements chaussants roulants pour se deplacer individuellement.
US5331752A (en) * 1992-01-14 1994-07-26 Rollerblade, Inc. Skate with detachable shoe
US5664794A (en) * 1992-02-04 1997-09-09 Out Of Line Sports, Inc. Ground engaging movable skate brake
EP0568878B1 (de) * 1992-04-29 1998-02-25 Benetton Sportsystem S.p.A. Rollschuh mit Bremsvorrichtung
EP0600274B1 (de) * 1992-11-30 1998-04-29 Benetton Sportsystem S.p.A. Rollschuh mit Bremsvorrichtung
US20010022434A1 (en) 1993-07-19 2001-09-20 Sauter Thomas M. In-line roller skate with internal support and external ankle cuff
US6168172B1 (en) 1993-07-19 2001-01-02 K-2 Corporation In-line roller skate
US5437466B1 (en) 1993-07-19 1997-11-18 K 2 Corp In-line roller skate
US5411276A (en) * 1994-02-24 1995-05-02 Rollerblade, Inc. Roller skate brake
AT404560B (de) * 1995-02-06 1998-12-28 Ladislaus Peter Mag Ribarits Rollschuh
ATE218072T1 (de) * 1995-02-06 2002-06-15 Bertram Burian Rollschuh
US5697622A (en) * 1995-11-20 1997-12-16 Warinner; Peter Q. Double line roller skate
US6059303A (en) * 1995-11-21 2000-05-09 Bradfield; Athol George In-line skateboard
US5707068A (en) * 1995-11-21 1998-01-13 Bradfield; Athol George In-line skateboard
IT1279493B1 (it) 1995-12-22 1997-12-10 Sergio Miotto Pattino con struttura del carro monolama, particolarmente del tipo con ruote dinamiche in linea
IT1288619B1 (it) * 1996-05-30 1998-09-23 Nordica Spa Pattino con ruote in linea
US6374516B1 (en) 1997-05-16 2002-04-23 Salomon S.A. Boot with an adjustable length upper adapted for skating
FR2763220B1 (fr) * 1997-05-16 1999-08-20 Salomon Sa Chaussure de sport multipointures
US6227622B1 (en) 1997-06-20 2001-05-08 K-2 Corporation Multilayer skate wheel
DE19851825B4 (de) 1998-11-10 2011-09-15 Litens Automotive Gmbh Laufradanordnung
DE10333378A1 (de) * 2003-07-23 2005-02-17 Helmut Gottschalk Inline-Rollerskates mit axial wirksamem Bremssystem
WO2005025841A1 (en) 2003-09-10 2005-03-24 Jas D. Easton, Inc. Article of footwear comprising a unitary support structure and mehtod of manufacture
CA2675197C (en) 2007-01-12 2016-04-12 Sport Maska Inc. Skate boot with improved flexibility
US20080238008A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Alexander Konstantinou Spokeless Wheel Inline Skate

Family Cites Families (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US988533A (en) * 1910-01-27 1911-04-04 Jan Zverina Roller-skate.
US1524286A (en) * 1921-12-06 1925-01-27 Julien A Bried Brake for roller skates
US1801205A (en) * 1930-05-22 1931-04-14 Edward M Mirick Skate
FR746228A (fr) * 1932-07-16 1933-05-24 Dispositif pour le serrage des paquets de composition typographique
US2141122A (en) * 1937-12-22 1938-12-20 Timken Roller Bearing Co Cushioned roller bearing
US2166767A (en) * 1938-08-04 1939-07-18 Paul Mathez Roller skate
BE478560A (de) * 1947-01-10
AT334265B (de) * 1974-11-13 1976-01-10 Rothmayer Karl Heinz Rollschuh
DE2522199A1 (de) * 1975-05-17 1976-11-25 Ruediger Pommerening Rollschuhe
DE2745040A1 (de) * 1977-10-06 1979-04-12 Tec T T Wang Schuh mit anbringbaren und austauschbaren roll- oder schlittschuhzusatzgeraeten
US4418929A (en) * 1980-04-07 1983-12-06 Gray William J Single roller skate
US4603868A (en) * 1983-04-25 1986-08-05 Schuetz Ernst Roller skate undercarriage with adjustable rollers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE83941T1 (de) 1993-01-15
EP0340260A1 (de) 1989-11-08
DE3877186D1 (de) 1993-02-11
DE3877186T2 (de) 1993-06-09
US5069462A (en) 1991-12-03
WO1989003712A1 (fr) 1989-05-05
FR2622119B1 (fr) 1990-09-07
FR2622119A1 (fr) 1989-04-28
JPH02501711A (ja) 1990-06-14

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