EP0335575B2 - Production of paper and paper board - Google Patents
Production of paper and paper board Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0335575B2 EP0335575B2 EP89302842A EP89302842A EP0335575B2 EP 0335575 B2 EP0335575 B2 EP 0335575B2 EP 89302842 A EP89302842 A EP 89302842A EP 89302842 A EP89302842 A EP 89302842A EP 0335575 B2 EP0335575 B2 EP 0335575B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- molecular weight
- suspension
- low molecular
- stock
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/76—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by choice of auxiliary compounds which are added separately from at least one other compound, e.g. to improve the incorporation of the latter or to obtain an enhanced combined effect
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/76—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by choice of auxiliary compounds which are added separately from at least one other compound, e.g. to improve the incorporation of the latter or to obtain an enhanced combined effect
- D21H23/765—Addition of all compounds to the pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
- D21H23/06—Controlling the addition
- D21H23/14—Controlling the addition by selecting point of addition or time of contact between components
- D21H23/16—Addition before or during pulp beating or refining
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/08—Mechanical or thermomechanical pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/14—Secondary fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
- D21H17/29—Starch cationic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
- D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/06—Paper forming aids
- D21H21/10—Retention agents or drainage improvers
Definitions
- Paper or paper board is made by providing a thick stock, diluting the thick stock to form a thin stock, draining the thin stock to form a sheet and drying the sheet.
- the thick stock can be made either by mixing water into dried pulp or, in an integrated mill, by diluting a drained pulp.
- the normal way of preparing it for drainage is by adding inorganic material, such as alum, talc or bentonite, at the pulping or thick stock stages.
- inorganic material such as alum, talc or bentonite
- a dry strength resin for instance a cationic starch
- paper or paper board is made by a process comprising providing a cellulosic suspension of which at least 25% by weight is formed by mechanically derived pulp, subjecting this to one or more shear stages selected from cleaning, mixing and pumping stages, adding a main polymer which is a high molecular weight , water soluble , synthetic cationic polymer having molecular weight above 500,000 and intrinsic viscosity above 4 dl/g, before one of the shear stages and adding bentonite after that shear stage, draining the suspension to form a sheet and drying the sheet, and in this process drainage is improved by adding to the suspension before the main polymer a low molecular weight water soluble synthetic cationic polymer having molecular weight lower than the molecular weight of the main polymer, and having intrinsic viscosity below 2 dl/g in an amount in the range 0.01 to 0.2% based on the dry weight of the suspension.
- a main polymer which is a high molecular weight , water soluble , synthetic cationic poly
- the inclusion of the low molecular weight cationic polymer in the thin stock before addition of the main polymer leads to improvement in the drainage characteristics obtained by the addition of the main polymer before a shear stage and bentonite after that shear stage. Depending upon the other conditions, it can also lead to reduced problems due to pitch and other sticky materials and can lead to improved wet and/or dry strengths, runability, linting, opacity and other paper qualities.
- the aqueous cellulosic suspension can be made either from dried pulp or, in an integrated mill, by diluting a drained pulp, all in conventional manner.
- Intrinsic viscosities herein derived in standard manner from determination of solution viscosities by suspended level viscometer of solutions at 25°C in 1 Molar NaCl buffered to pH about 7 using sodium phosphate.
- the remainder of the process, after adding the low molecular weight polymer should be similar to the "Hydrocol" process and, thus, should be otherwise conducted as in EP-A-235,893, using a synthetic cationic polymer having molecular weight at least 500,000 and IV above 4 dl/g before one of the shear stages and bentonite after.
- the materials and processing conditions described in EP-A-235,893 can be used in the invention, subject to the modification that the suspension includes the low molecular weight polymer before addition of the main polymer.
- the low molecular weight polymer can be present in the thick stock that is diluted to form the thin stock or it may be added to the thin stock.
- the thick stock is diluted to form the thin stock by use of white water. It is desirable to add the low molecular weight polymer before, or immediately after or during, the dilution with white water and to add the main polymer to the thin stock, after the addition of the low molecular weight polymer.
- the low molecular weight polymer should have a molecular weight sufficiently lower than the molecular weight of the main polymer that it will provide different process or performance benefits.
- the low molecular weight polymer has intrinsic viscosity below 2 dl/g and usually has molecular weight below 500,000.
- the molecular weight is usually above 50,000 and often above 100,000.
- a preferred relatively low molecular weight polymer is polyethylene imine.
- a suitable grade of this type of polymer is the material sold under the trade name Polymin SK.
- Other suitable materials are polymers and copolymers of dially dimethyl ammonium chloride, of dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates and of dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides (both generally as acid addition or quaternary ammonium salts), as well as polyamines and polydicyandiamides-formaldehyde polymers. Amphoteric synthetic polymers may be used.
- the process according to the invention utilises a relatively crude stock containing significant amounts of pitch and/or having high cationic demand. For instance it may require at least 0.1% Polymin SK to give improved retention when the Polymin SK is used in conventional manner as retention aid.
- Polymin is a trade mark.
- Such stocks are those containing more than 25% by weight, usually more than 50% by weight, of mechanically derived pulps and/or deinked pulps.
- mechanically derived pulps we mean groundwood, pressure refined groundwood, thermo-mechanical, chemi-thermo mechanical or any other high yield mechanically derived fibres.
- the process is of particular value when the stock is to be used for the manufacture of newsprint, and for this purpose stock is generally substantially unfilled or only contains small amounts of filler, for instance 0 to 15% and often 0 to 10% based on the dry weight of the stock. Benefits are however also achieved if the stock contains filler in amounts to give up to 30% filler in the final paper produced.
- the process is also of value in the manufacture of board, again from similar crude pulps containing little or no filler.
- an alternative or additional property of the low molecular weight polymer may be to improve the strength of the board and for this purpose a low molecular weight water soluble synthetic cationic dry strength resin may be used as the polymer.
- Amphoteric polymers are particularly suitable for this purpose.
- the amount of low molecular weight polymer is in the range 0.01 or 0.05 to 0.2%, based on the dry weight of the stock, and the optimum can be found by routine experimentation.
- the pulp, before treatment with the low molecular weight polymer has a cationic demand (as measured by titration with the main cationic polymer) of above 400 g/t and the low molecular weight polymer is included in the stock, or ahead of the stock, in an amount to reduce the cationic demand of the thin stock to below 300 g/t before adding the main polymer.
- the process of the invention is found to give an improvement in the performance since it can give improved pitch and/or stickies removal, improved paper quality such as opacity and linting characteristics improved wet strength or runnability during manufacture. Furthermore the performance of the process when assessed in terms of the drainage characteristics is improved by the incorporation of the second polymer, as compared to a process without that polymer, for instance a process is described in EP-A-235,893 or US-A-4,388,150.
- Polymer A is a polymer of IV 7 dl/g formed from 75% acrylamide and 25% dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, MeCl quaternised
- Polymer B is a modified polyethyleneimine as sold under the trade name Polymin SK.
- a 100% mixed waste stock having a consistency of 0.5% was prepared. Drainage tests were conducted on the stock using a modified Shopper Riegler freeness tester, the time for 600 mls of backwater to drain from the stock sample being measured. The stock was subjected to shear and the drainage was measured. In one test no additions were made before or after the shear. In other tests bentonite was added after the shear and Polymer A and/or Polymer B was added before the shear. When both Polymers A and B were added, B was added considerably ahead of Polymer A.
- the low molecular weight polymer is polymer K which is a solution polymer of about IV 1 dl/g and formed from about 20% acrylamide and 80% by weight diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.
- the high molecular weight polymers are L, which is 70% acrylamide, 30% methyl chloride quaternised dimethylaminoethyl acrylate IV 8, and polymer M which is 95% acrylamide and 5% methyl chloride quaternised dimethylaminoethyl acrylate IV 11.
- the drainage rate for each of the treated suspensions is measured, with the best results being those that have the highest drainage figure.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89302842T ATE86693T1 (de) | 1988-03-28 | 1989-03-22 | Herstellung von papier und pappe. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB888807444A GB8807444D0 (en) | 1988-03-28 | 1988-03-28 | Production of paper & paper board |
GB8807444 | 1988-03-28 | ||
GB8815219 | 1988-06-27 | ||
GB888815219A GB8815219D0 (en) | 1988-06-27 | 1988-06-27 | Production of paper & paper board |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0335575A2 EP0335575A2 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
EP0335575A3 EP0335575A3 (en) | 1990-12-12 |
EP0335575B1 EP0335575B1 (en) | 1993-03-10 |
EP0335575B2 true EP0335575B2 (en) | 2000-08-23 |
Family
ID=26293708
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89302842A Expired - Lifetime EP0335575B2 (en) | 1988-03-28 | 1989-03-22 | Production of paper and paper board |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0335575B2 (fi) |
JP (2) | JPH026683A (fi) |
KR (1) | KR960002733B1 (fi) |
AU (1) | AU613465B2 (fi) |
CA (1) | CA1322435C (fi) |
DE (1) | DE68905208T3 (fi) |
ES (1) | ES2053980T5 (fi) |
FI (1) | FI97307C (fi) |
NO (1) | NO174724B (fi) |
Families Citing this family (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE9003954L (sv) * | 1990-12-11 | 1992-06-12 | Eka Nobel Ab | Saett foer framstaellning av ark- eller banformiga cellulosafiberinnehaallande produkter |
US5126014A (en) * | 1991-07-16 | 1992-06-30 | Nalco Chemical Company | Retention and drainage aid for alkaline fine papermaking process |
US5221435A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-06-22 | Nalco Chemical Company | Papermaking process |
DE4311599A1 (de) * | 1993-04-08 | 1994-10-13 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Kontrolle des Absetzens klebender Verunreinigungen aus Papierstoff-Suspensionen |
US5484834A (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 1996-01-16 | Nalco Canada Inc. | Liquid slurry of bentonite |
GB9410920D0 (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1994-07-20 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Manufacture of paper |
US5810971A (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1998-09-22 | Nalco Canada, Inc. | Liquid slurry of bentonite |
SE9502522D0 (sv) * | 1995-07-07 | 1995-07-07 | Eka Nobel Ab | A process for the production of paper |
EP0760406A3 (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 1997-09-17 | Nalco Canada Inc | Combination of poly (dadmac / acrylamide) and bentonite for pitch control in papermaking processes |
US5840158A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 1998-11-24 | Nalco Chemical Company | Colloidal silica/polyelectrolyte blends for pulp and paper applications |
US5620629A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 1997-04-15 | Nalco Chemical Company | Colloidal silica/polyelectrolyte blends for natural water clarification |
CA2180371A1 (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-14 | Brian Frederic Satterfield | Production of filled paper and compositions for use in this |
GB9603909D0 (en) | 1996-02-23 | 1996-04-24 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Production of paper |
DE19627553A1 (de) * | 1996-07-09 | 1998-01-15 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier und Karton |
US6113741A (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 2000-09-05 | Eka Chemicals Ab | Process for the production of paper |
DE19654390A1 (de) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier |
DE19715832A1 (de) | 1997-04-16 | 1998-10-22 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier, Pappe und Karton |
KR100403840B1 (ko) | 1998-04-27 | 2003-11-01 | 악조 노벨 엔.브이. | 제지 방법 |
EP0953680A1 (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-03 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | A process for the production of paper |
US7306700B1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2007-12-11 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Process for the production of paper |
US6083997A (en) * | 1998-07-28 | 2000-07-04 | Nalco Chemical Company | Preparation of anionic nanocomposites and their use as retention and drainage aids in papermaking |
JP2002526680A (ja) * | 1998-09-22 | 2002-08-20 | カルゴン コーポレイション | 製紙に用いられる微粒子系中のシリカ−酸コロイド混合物 |
TW527457B (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2003-04-11 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Manufacture of paper and paperboard |
WO2002025013A1 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2002-03-28 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | A process for the production of paper |
MY140287A (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2009-12-31 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Manufacture of paper and paperboard |
JP3819731B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-30 | 2006-09-13 | ハイモ株式会社 | 中性新聞用紙の抄紙方法 |
DE20220979U1 (de) | 2002-08-07 | 2004-10-14 | Basf Ag | Papierprodukt |
GB0402469D0 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2004-03-10 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Production of a fermentation product |
GB0402470D0 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2004-03-10 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Production of a fermentation product |
JP4517662B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-10 | 2010-08-04 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 紙及び板紙の製造方法 |
DE102004044379B4 (de) | 2004-09-10 | 2008-01-10 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier, Pappe und Karton und Verwendung einer Retentionsmittelkombination |
DE102004058587A1 (de) | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-14 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papieren mit hohen Flächengewichten |
DE102004063005A1 (de) | 2004-12-22 | 2006-07-13 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier, Pappe und Karton |
US7955473B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2011-06-07 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for the production of paper |
US20060254464A1 (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-16 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for the production of paper |
EP1969183B1 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2015-01-07 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | A process for the production of paper |
AU2007308198B2 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2012-02-23 | Basf Se | A process for improving paper strength |
US7758934B2 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2010-07-20 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Dual mode ink jet paper |
JP5190877B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-04 | 2013-04-24 | ハイモ株式会社 | 紙の欠陥発生抑制方法 |
JP5584505B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-30 | 2014-09-03 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 紙の製造方法 |
ES2720487T3 (es) | 2012-02-01 | 2019-07-22 | Basf Se | Proceso para la fabricación de papel y cartón |
EP2820189B2 (en) | 2012-03-01 | 2024-05-15 | Basf Se | Process for the manufacture of paper and paperboard |
US10113270B2 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2018-10-30 | Basf Se | Process for the manufacture of paper and paperboard |
JP6929899B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-15 | 2021-09-01 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 紙及び紙板の製造方法 |
WO2019239819A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 紙及び紙板の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5512868A (en) * | 1978-07-12 | 1980-01-29 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Production of neutral paper |
DE3065576D1 (en) * | 1979-03-28 | 1983-12-22 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Production of paper and paper board |
DE3541163A1 (de) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-05-27 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von papier und karton |
GB8602121D0 (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1986-03-05 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Paper & paper board |
US4795531A (en) * | 1987-09-22 | 1989-01-03 | Nalco Chemical Company | Method for dewatering paper |
JPH0192498A (ja) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-04-11 | Hokuetsu Paper Mills Ltd | 中性紙の製造方法 |
-
1989
- 1989-03-22 DE DE68905208T patent/DE68905208T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-22 EP EP89302842A patent/EP0335575B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-22 ES ES89302842T patent/ES2053980T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-27 JP JP1074813A patent/JPH026683A/ja active Granted
- 1989-03-28 KR KR1019890003911A patent/KR960002733B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-03-28 CA CA000594866A patent/CA1322435C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-28 NO NO891301A patent/NO174724B/no unknown
- 1989-03-28 FI FI891465A patent/FI97307C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-03-28 AU AU31749/89A patent/AU613465B2/en not_active Expired
-
1992
- 1992-09-18 JP JP4249955A patent/JPH05239800A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0335575A3 (en) | 1990-12-12 |
FI97307C (fi) | 1997-11-11 |
NO891301D0 (no) | 1989-03-28 |
EP0335575A2 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
FI891465A (fi) | 1989-09-29 |
DE68905208T3 (de) | 2001-02-15 |
AU3174989A (en) | 1989-09-28 |
AU613465B2 (en) | 1991-08-01 |
JPH0529719B2 (fi) | 1993-05-06 |
EP0335575B1 (en) | 1993-03-10 |
ES2053980T3 (es) | 1994-08-01 |
KR890014836A (ko) | 1989-10-25 |
JPH05239800A (ja) | 1993-09-17 |
CA1322435C (en) | 1993-09-28 |
KR960002733B1 (ko) | 1996-02-26 |
DE68905208T2 (de) | 1993-10-07 |
FI891465A0 (fi) | 1989-03-28 |
NO174724B (no) | 1994-03-14 |
NO891301L (no) | 1989-09-29 |
ES2053980T5 (es) | 2000-12-16 |
FI97307B (fi) | 1996-08-15 |
JPH026683A (ja) | 1990-01-10 |
DE68905208D1 (de) | 1993-04-15 |
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