EP0319665A2 - Conteneur - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0319665A2
EP0319665A2 EP88116604A EP88116604A EP0319665A2 EP 0319665 A2 EP0319665 A2 EP 0319665A2 EP 88116604 A EP88116604 A EP 88116604A EP 88116604 A EP88116604 A EP 88116604A EP 0319665 A2 EP0319665 A2 EP 0319665A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hood
container according
base plate
corner posts
rollers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88116604A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0319665A3 (en
EP0319665B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Neugebauer
Helmut Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Drehtainer Consulting GmbH
Original Assignee
Drehtainer Consulting GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19873734357 external-priority patent/DE3734357A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19883800205 external-priority patent/DE3800205A1/de
Application filed by Drehtainer Consulting GmbH filed Critical Drehtainer Consulting GmbH
Priority to AT88116604T priority Critical patent/ATE99260T1/de
Publication of EP0319665A2 publication Critical patent/EP0319665A2/fr
Publication of EP0319665A3 publication Critical patent/EP0319665A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0319665B1 publication Critical patent/EP0319665B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
    • B65D88/12—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport
    • B65D88/122—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport with access from above
    • B65D88/124—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport with access from above closable top
    • B65D88/126—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport with access from above closable top by rigid element, e.g. lid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a container which has a base, two end walls and a hood which is guided in the region of the base plate.
  • Containers used to hold goods are widely designed as containers, each of which has openings in the area of one of its end walls which can be closed with doors and which allow access to the interior of the container.
  • This constructive construction of the containers it is associated with considerable difficulties to first remove goods stowed inside the container in the area of the end thereof which is arranged away from the access before the goods stored in the area of the access are unloaded.
  • access to goods that are stored away from access is excluded.
  • the frequent impossibility of access to the rear area of the container requires extensive planning and considerable costs when transporting goods to different destinations.
  • this design of the container precludes the optimal use of the storage volume of the container in the case of multiple loading locations and also multiple unloading locations, since it must always be ensured that the goods last loaded are unloaded first.
  • Containers with solid side walls and removable roofs have become known for the approach to solving this problem.
  • the use of such containers is only possible where suitable cranes are available for lifting the roof parts. Beyond that it is It is necessary to carry out the loading and unloading operations from above using cranes or loading bridges, since side access to the rear areas of the storage space is not possible.
  • containers have become known which have doors or openings closed with tarpaulins in the region of their lateral walls.
  • the use of such containers leads to considerable sealing problems; moreover, there is insufficient protection against theft of goods stored in the interior of the container.
  • containers which have fixed side walls, which are connected in the area of their upper boundaries in the vertical direction by tarpaulins, which close off the storage space enclosed by the side walls in the vertical direction at the top.
  • tarpaulins which close off the storage space enclosed by the side walls in the vertical direction at the top.
  • Significant sealing problems also arise with these containers.
  • the risk of theft of goods stored in the container interior is much higher with such containers than with containers that have tarpaulins in the lateral area of their walls, since damage to the tarpaulin in the roof area only if the containers are inspected precisely or when they are carried out Loading or unloading can be noticed.
  • containers which are essentially formed from a base part and a hood.
  • the base part has a base plate and end walls rigidly connected to it.
  • the hood is formed from two partial elements each extending in the longitudinal direction of the container, which are connected to one another in a spreadable manner.
  • the hood is lifted over the end walls by a combination of lifting and spreading movements and is guided past them.
  • the execution of the lifting and spreading movement requires precise mechanical guidance of the individual parts, which increase the effort in the manufacture of the containers. This effort prevents a wide use of such containers, since only in special applications for the manufacture and operation of such Container required effort is justified by the task to be solved.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to improve a container of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that any part of the interior of the rail container can be loaded and unloaded in a simple manner regardless of the loading of the interior.
  • hood is designed as a rigid part and is mounted positionable relative to the base plate.
  • the design of the hood as a rigid part enables economical production of the container and low-maintenance operation. In particular, complex spreading mechanisms are avoided, which make frequent maintenance of the container necessary. Due to the displaceability of the hood relative to the base plate, the part of the interior of the container which is exposed by the sliding process is freely accessible. In particular, it is possible to load and unload the interior from above in the vertical direction. It is also possible to laterally unload the container by means of a forklift without using a ramp. The free vertical access from above enables short-term loading and unloading with the help of cranes or loading bridges. The hood can also be moved with little effort, since no significant lifting work is required.
  • the container is designed as a container which has at least one end wall pivotably mounted relative to the base plate.
  • the arrangement of guiding devices guiding the hood in the area of the pivotable end wall makes it possible to guide the hood in a simple manner in a substantial part of the thrust area provided for the hood. This increase in the range of safe Guide prevents the hood from tilting in relation to the guides provided in the area of the base plate and thus ensures smooth movement of the hood over the entire extension of the intended pushing area.
  • the hood is divided into at least two partial hoods, which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the container.
  • the division of the hood into partial hoods increases the flexibility when loading and unloading the container. If, for example in the case of a two-part hood, one partial hood is moved into the area of an end wall pivoted relative to the base plate, suitable positioning of the second partial hood can provide access to a part of the interior space that is currently to be loaded or unloaded.
  • Another advantage of dividing the hood into partial hoods is that when the partial hoods are moved, only the partial weight of the overall hood that is attributable to the partial hood can be moved. The subdivision of the hood into partial hoods thus enables the partial hoods to be moved manually in a simple manner and makes special mechanical drive devices superfluous.
  • At least one of the two end walls is fixed as a fixed end wall to the hood and is detachably connected to the base plate.
  • the two side walls and the roof of the hood are connected to one another in a dimensionally stable manner, so that the entire hood is distinguished by high torsional rigidity. If both end walls are firmly connected to the parts of the hood facing them, relatively short cylindrical sections are created in the area of each end wall, the torsional rigidity of which is predetermined by their design.
  • the corner posts can also be pivoted and the end walls can be fixed to the hood and detachably be connected to the base plate.
  • the corner posts can be pivoted, for example, if the hood is to be moved with respect to the base plate.
  • the corner posts can be designed as a guide for the hood.
  • the corner posts of a further preferred embodiment of the invention are integrated in the fixed end wall. In this way, the container does not fall out of the usual standard size and still has the usual capacity.
  • a container essentially consists of a base plate (1), two end walls (2, 3) which extend substantially plane-parallel and perpendicular to the base plate (1) and a hood (4).
  • the hood (4) is delimited by a roof (5) which runs approximately plane-parallel to the base plate (1).
  • Two side walls (6, 7) extend in the longitudinal direction (92) of the base plate (1), which run essentially plane-parallel to one another and extend from the roof in the direction of the base plate (1).
  • the side walls (6, 7) are slidably mounted in the area of their lower boundaries (8, 9) facing the base plate (1), for example via rollers (10, 11) on the base plate (1).
  • one of the two end walls (3) is firmly connected to the hood (4).
  • the other end face (2) is firmly connected to the base area (1).
  • a seal (13) is provided, via which the hood (4) with the side edges (12) is moisture-tight to the Side walls (2) connects.
  • seals (14, 15) are provided on the lower boundaries (8, 9) of the side walls (6, 7), with the aid of which the side edges (6, 7) seal moisture-tightly with the base plate (1).
  • Corner posts (16, 17, 18, 19) are fastened to the base plate (1). These corner posts are each provided in one of the four corners of the base plate (1), and extend from this in the direction of the roof (5). A force lifting the container is introduced into the base plate (1) via these corner posts (16, 17, 18, 19).
  • two corner fittings (20, 21) are provided on each corner post (l6, l7, l8, l9). These are formed approximately as a hollow cuboid, in their externally accessible side surfaces (22, 23) or top surfaces (24, 25) each Openings (26, 27) are provided through which a lifting device, not shown, can grip the container.
  • corner posts (16, 17) adjacent to the end wall (2) are firmly connected to this and the base plate (1).
  • corner posts (18, 19) opposite in the longitudinal direction of the container are coupled to the base plate (1) so that they can be pivoted at least in regions via pivot joints (28, 29).
  • These swivel joints (28, 29) have swivel axes (30, 31) which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the container, so that the corner posts (18, 19) extend in the longitudinal direction of the container when they are folded away from the end wall (3).
  • a corner post (18, 19), which can now be partially pivoted can be designed, for example, as a U-profile, which receives the pivotable portion in the non-pivoted state.
  • the cuttable corner posts (18, 19) run in their unfolded state in the recesses (32, 33), the cross section of which is adapted to the cross section of the corner posts (18, 19) so that the corner posts (18, 19) in the unfolded state with their Side surfaces in the levels of the side walls (6,7) on the one hand and the end wall (3) on the other.
  • the corner recesses (32, 33) extend through side edges (36, 37) in which the end face (3) meets the side walls (6, 7).
  • the corner posts (18, 19) have on their side surfaces (34, 35) in the pivoted upward-facing guide grooves (38, 39) in which, for example, the rollers (10, 11) are guided when the hood (4) of the Base plate (1) in the direction of the corner fittings (20) of the pivoted corner posts (18, 19) is moved.
  • the corner posts (18, 19) can be pivoted independently of one another in the swivel joints (28, 29). However, it is also possible to connect the two pivotable corner posts (18, 19) to one another via a crossbar (40) so that they can be pivoted together.
  • This Crossbar (40) is expediently sunk in a recess in the end wall (3) in the unfolded state of the corner posts (18, 19). It is also possible to firmly connect the corner fittings (20) to the hood (4) in the area of the pivotable corner posts (18, 19) and to provide a lock in the area of the corner fittings (20), which after the hood (4) has been lowered engage the corner posts (18, 19) to lock them.
  • the end wall (2) opposite it can also be firmly connected to the hood (4).
  • the hood (4) is divided into two parts (42, 43) which can be connected to one another in a moisture-tight manner by a seal (85).
  • one part (42) is displaced in the direction of the end wall (3), while the other part (43) is moved in the direction of the other end wall (2) with respect to the base plate (1).
  • the corner posts (16, 17) are pivotally mounted on the base plate (1) so that they can be pivoted into a horizontal position before moving the part (43).
  • Inside the side surfaces (34, 35) of the corner posts (16, 17) are arranged similar guide grooves (38, 39) as in the corner posts (18, 19).
  • the part (43) is also connected moisture-tight to the base plate (1) along its side walls (6, 7) via a seal and the end wall (2) of the part (43) is moisture-tightly connected to the base plate (1).
  • a divided hood (4) can also be realized when swiveling end walls (2, 3) are used.
  • the seals (14, 15) with which the hood (4) is sealed off from the base plate (1) are preferably designed as labyrinth seals (71). These consist essentially of interlocking lamellae.
  • the rollers (10, 11) can be fastened to an eccentric (77) which is pivotably mounted about an axis (78) fastened in the base plate (1).
  • the eccentric (77) By pivoting the eccentric (77), the roller (10) is raised against the lower boundary (8) of the side wall (6), so that the hood (4) lifts off the base plate (1).
  • the hood (4) can be raised manually or automatically.
  • the guide grooves (38, 39) in the form of a guide rail (79) in which a guide profile (80) is slidably mounted.
  • the guide profile (80) can also be mounted on rollers (81) within the guide rail (79).
  • the use of a guide profile (8o) guided in the guide rail (79) can be provided in particular when the hood (4) is subdivided into partial hoods (42, 43).
  • the guide rail (79) and the guide profile (8o) act as a telescopic device, which reliably prevent the partial hoods (42, 43) from tipping over when they are moved beyond the boundary of the base plate (1).
  • safe lateral guidance of the partial hoods (42, 43) is ensured by the interlocking of the guide profile (8o) and the guide rail (79).
  • the height of the hood (4) can be adjusted manually, for example, using individual devices. However, it is also possible to provide a central linkage coordinating individual lifting devices (82). The central linkage can actuate the lifting devices (82), for example, via inclined planes or eccentrics that run obliquely to the horizontal.
  • rollers (10, 11) can be guided either in the region of the recesses (84) or in the region of the recesses (83). If the rollers (10, 11) are guided in the area of the depressions (83), the side walls (6, 7) with their lower boundaries (8, 9) slide over the rollers. In this case, rollers must be provided both in the area of the base plate (1) and in the corner posts (18, 19).
  • the rollers (10, 11) can also be guided in the recesses (84) at the lower boundaries (8, 9).
  • the storage has the advantage that the hood (4) can be guided in the direction of the corner posts (18, 19) with relatively great guidance security via the swivel joints (28, 29). While the guide grooves (38, 39) cannot be led over the area of the swivel joints (28, 29) to the base plate (1), the rollers (10, 11) guided at the lower boundaries (8, 9) ensure a smooth transition of the hood (4) from the base plate (1) to the pivoted corner posts (18, 19).
  • the pivotable corner posts (18, 19) can also be designed as levers to lift the hood (4) off the base plate (1).
  • the pivotable corner posts (18, 19) pass through a pivoting path which is at least partially connected to a device for lifting the hood (4), for example via a linkage.
  • the pivoting of the corner posts (18, 19) is facilitated in that they are provided with a force balance.
  • This force balance can be done in every conceivable way, for example by counterweights, spring balancing, a force-absorbing linkage or a winch.
  • the spring compensation can in particular also be arranged in the region of a swivel angle limitation (134) guided within the pivotable corner post (18, 19).
  • the hood (4) can also be grasped from above on appropriate suspension devices and lifted off the base plate (1).
  • a corresponding design of the guide rail (79) ensures that the guide profile (80) can be pulled out on an insert opening (91) which is so large that it corresponds to the guide profile (80).
  • the hood 4 is guided in end profiles (99) in the region of a pivotable end wall (2, 3).
  • the end profile (99) can be designed as a separate guide profile. However, it is also possible to design the end profile (99) at least in regions as part of the labyrinth seal (71) which has legs that guide the side walls (6, 7).
  • the side walls (6, 7) of conductive rollers (10, 11) can be arranged in the region of the end profile (99).
  • the container is designed as a container (100). However, it is also possible to provide the container as part of a truck (93) or as part of a railroad car (1o1). In the case of a container designed as part of a truck (93), the base plate (1) is part of a chassis (1o2) of the truck (93).
  • the hood (4) is mounted in the region of guide rails (98) which extend at least in regions along a driver's cab (97) of the truck (93).
  • the hood (4) is subdivided into partial hoods (42, 43).
  • the one facing the driver's cab (97) Move the partial hood (42, 43) in the direction of the driver's cab (97).
  • the partial hood (42, 43) which faces away from the driver's cab (97) can then be moved as desired along the base plate (1).
  • pluggable boundaries (103) extending in the vertical direction are arranged in the region of the lateral boundaries of the base plate (1).
  • the pluggable boundaries (1o3) prevent the goods (44) from being displaced even when they are in contact with the side walls (6,7).
  • the partial hoods (42, 43) can be connected to one another via longitudinal locks (1o4).
  • the longitudinal locks (1o4) prevent one of the side part covers (42, 43) from tipping over when the end wall (2, 3) protrudes.
  • the corner posts (16, 17, 18, 19) engage in a corner recess (32, 33), in the area of which a guide recess (12o) guiding the corner post (16, 17, 18, 19). is arranged.
  • the Guide recess (12o) spans a plane which is arranged essentially in the vertical direction and obliquely to the longitudinal axis (92) of the container.
  • a guide web (122) guiding the corner post (16, 17, 18, 19) is arranged in the region of the side walls (22, 23).
  • the guide web (122) extends essentially in the vertical direction and parallel to the longitudinal axis (92).
  • a longitudinal web (125) is arranged in the area of the base plate (1) to ensure that the rollers (10, 11) are guided securely.
  • a relief device (126) is also provided, which is essentially designed as a receiving space (128) in which the rollers (1o, 11) can be lowered via a lowerable level (127). be directed.
  • a roller adjustment (143) can be arranged in the area of the receiving space (128) and is displaceably mounted in the direction of the longitudinal axis (92) of the container.
  • the roller adjustment (143) has a support surface that runs obliquely to the horizontal, which raises rollers connected to the hood (6) with a corresponding longitudinal movement of the roller adjustment or enables the rollers to be lowered in a locking position.
  • the guide rollers (94) arranged below the base plate (1) in the vertical direction can be guided in a rail (129).
  • a longitudinal web (13o) guiding the rollers (1o, 11) can also be provided, which is essentially in a pivoted state of the corner posts (16, 17, 18, 19 ) extends in the direction of the longitudinal web (125).
  • the locking (138) of the base plate (1) with the hood (4) can be designed as a central locking (138) which has locking bolts (139) which, via central linkages (14o), with the corner actuating the central locking (138) posts (16,17,18,19) are connected.
  • actuating brackets (141) are preferably provided which open into the central linkage (14o) and with the corner posts (16, 17, 18, 19). are connected.
  • the connection of the actuating bracket (141) to the central linkage (14o) takes place below the end wall (2,3).
  • a charging connection (142) detachably coupling it to a truck loading device in the region of the container.
  • the hood (4) is first unlocked and then raised before the interior (45) is loaded or unloaded with goods (44).
  • the pivotable end walls (2, 3) or the pivotable corner posts (16, 17, 18, 19) are then pivoted relative to the base plate (1).
  • the hood (4) or the partial hoods (42, 43) can then be suitably moved and access to the part of the inner space (45) to be loaded or unloaded can be created by suitable positioning of the hood (4).
  • the end walls (2, 3) or the corner posts (16, 17, 18, 19) are pivoted back into their rest position after the hood (4) has been moved and the rollers (1o, 11) are lowered.
  • the parts of the parts of the labyrinth seals (71) provided in the region of the end walls (2, 3) and the base plate (1) on the one hand and the hood (4) on the other hand ensure a secure sealing of the interior (45) against the ingress of dust and moisture as well as a locking of the corner posts (18, 19) and the hood (4) in relation to the base plate (1).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
EP88116604A 1987-10-10 1988-10-07 Conteneur Expired - Lifetime EP0319665B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88116604T ATE99260T1 (de) 1987-10-10 1988-10-07 Behaelter.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3734357 1987-10-10
DE19873734357 DE3734357A1 (de) 1987-10-10 1987-10-10 Behaelter
DE3800205 1988-01-07
DE19883800205 DE3800205A1 (de) 1988-01-07 1988-01-07 Behaelter

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0319665A2 true EP0319665A2 (fr) 1989-06-14
EP0319665A3 EP0319665A3 (en) 1990-09-26
EP0319665B1 EP0319665B1 (fr) 1993-12-29

Family

ID=25860668

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88116604A Expired - Lifetime EP0319665B1 (fr) 1987-10-10 1988-10-07 Conteneur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4942971A (fr)
EP (1) EP0319665B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3886713D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2441702A1 (fr) * 2010-10-15 2012-04-18 Deutsche Post AG Conteneur

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6390326B1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-05-21 Peter Pei-Su Hung Pressure vessel and method manufacturing the same
DE602005026142D1 (de) * 2004-09-01 2011-03-10 Collapsible Containers Pty Ltd Grosser zusammenklappbarer behälter mit mittleren scharnieren in seitenabdeckungen
US7563065B1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2009-07-21 Bennett Ervon Ray Storage container delivery apparatus and method

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4151925A (en) * 1978-03-27 1979-05-01 Pullman Incorporated Flatrack container
DE3300354A1 (de) * 1983-01-07 1984-07-12 Deutsche Bundesbahn, vertreten durch das Bundesbahn-Zentralamt Minden (Westf), 4950 Minden Abdeckung fuer einen offenen transportbehaelter
DE3539176A1 (de) * 1985-11-05 1987-05-07 Helmut Dipl Ing Meyer Container

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US1994399A (en) * 1932-08-05 1935-03-12 Moreau Gaston Andre Elie Device for the transportation of goods
GB406573A (en) * 1932-08-05 1934-03-01 Gaston Andre Elie Moreau Improvements in and relating to containers for the transport of goods
FR1112529A (fr) * 1954-10-12 1956-03-15 Emballage
GB946466A (en) * 1960-11-03 1964-01-15 Eps Res & Dev Ltd Improvements in protective containers
DE1168332B (de) * 1962-12-22 1964-04-16 Leitz Ernst Gmbh Aufbewahrungsbehaelter fuer Dia-Magazine
US3408958A (en) * 1966-08-15 1968-11-05 C L Stegall Company Weatherproof cover joint
US3520257A (en) * 1967-03-15 1970-07-14 Shunk Mfg Co Inc Telescopic car covers
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US3540771A (en) * 1968-09-16 1970-11-17 Jerry L Stoneburner Ingot carrying vehicle
US3784054A (en) * 1971-08-27 1974-01-08 F Mautz Loading container means
US4009796A (en) * 1975-08-20 1977-03-01 Capitol Products Corporation Storage locker
CH625947A5 (fr) * 1978-01-27 1981-10-30 Wagner Hans Ruedi
DE3312001A1 (de) * 1983-04-02 1984-10-04 Waggon Union Gmbh, 1000 Berlin Und 5900 Siegen Eisenbahngueterwagen
DE3320380A1 (de) * 1983-06-06 1984-12-06 Agro GmbH Stahlsonderbau und Spezialverpackung, 2301 Osdorf Verfahren fuer die langzeitlagerung von ersatzteilen sowie entsprechender verpackungs-container

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4151925A (en) * 1978-03-27 1979-05-01 Pullman Incorporated Flatrack container
DE3300354A1 (de) * 1983-01-07 1984-07-12 Deutsche Bundesbahn, vertreten durch das Bundesbahn-Zentralamt Minden (Westf), 4950 Minden Abdeckung fuer einen offenen transportbehaelter
DE3539176A1 (de) * 1985-11-05 1987-05-07 Helmut Dipl Ing Meyer Container

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2441702A1 (fr) * 2010-10-15 2012-04-18 Deutsche Post AG Conteneur
WO2012049191A1 (fr) * 2010-10-15 2012-04-19 Deutsche Post Ag Conteneur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0319665A3 (en) 1990-09-26
EP0319665B1 (fr) 1993-12-29
DE3886713D1 (de) 1994-02-10
US4942971A (en) 1990-07-24

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