EP0317949B1 - Procédé pour revêtir des surfaces compactes fermées - Google Patents

Procédé pour revêtir des surfaces compactes fermées Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0317949B1
EP0317949B1 EP88119406A EP88119406A EP0317949B1 EP 0317949 B1 EP0317949 B1 EP 0317949B1 EP 88119406 A EP88119406 A EP 88119406A EP 88119406 A EP88119406 A EP 88119406A EP 0317949 B1 EP0317949 B1 EP 0317949B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gap
coating
protective film
coated
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88119406A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0317949A2 (fr
EP0317949A3 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Dr.-Ing. Vetter
Walter Hellmann
Otmar Krajec
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Roehm GmbH Darmstadt
Original Assignee
Roehm GmbH Darmstadt
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roehm GmbH Darmstadt filed Critical Roehm GmbH Darmstadt
Priority to AT88119406T priority Critical patent/ATE91439T1/de
Publication of EP0317949A2 publication Critical patent/EP0317949A2/fr
Publication of EP0317949A3 publication Critical patent/EP0317949A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0317949B1 publication Critical patent/EP0317949B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/40—Distributing applied liquids or other fluent materials by members moving relatively to surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2201/00—Polymeric substrate or laminate
    • B05D2201/02—Polymeric substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/11—Methods of delaminating, per se; i.e., separating at bonding face
    • Y10T156/1105—Delaminating process responsive to feed or shape at delamination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/19—Delaminating means
    • Y10T156/1906—Delaminating means responsive to feed or shape at delamination

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for coating a solid, closed surface which carries a peelable protective film with a low-viscosity coating agent.
  • a surface is considered to be solid if it can be stuck to the entire surface with a removable protective film and the protective film can be removed again without destroying or damaging the surface. It is considered closed if it is free of cavities or openings where the protective film is not in contact with the surface. In this sense, fabrics and fleeces do not have a closed surface.
  • the invention preferably relates to the coating of surfaces of flat substrates, such as sheets, sheets and foils.
  • the coating of such surfaces with decorative or functional cover layers has a significant scope.
  • Sensitive surfaces of flat substrates are often provided with a removable protective film to protect them from damage during storage, transport or processing, which can be easily removed before use.
  • a removable protective film When the protective film is removed, electrostatic charges can arise Tighten dust particles and hold on to the surface. If such a surface is to be coated with a low-viscosity coating agent, careful cleaning is required first, followed by coating under clean room conditions.
  • Various methods are used for coating solid surfaces with liquid coating agents, such as dipping, brushing, spraying, pouring, knife coating, rolling, etc.
  • the thickness of the coating provided, the viscosity of the liquid coating agent, the process and apparatus costs play a role , the speed of work, the requirements for the quality of the surface etc. a role.
  • Very thin, high uniformity coatings are best made with a low viscosity coating agent by the dip coating process.
  • the substrate to be coated is immersed in a bath of the coating agent and pulled out vertically at a uniform speed.
  • the thickness of the coating depends primarily on the viscosity of the coating agent and to a lesser extent on the rate of ascent.
  • the process requires an immersion bath that is larger than the substrate. In addition, it is only suitable for substrates that can be immersed in a bath at all and should be coated on the entire immersed surface.
  • the aim of the invention was to provide a method for coating a solid, closed surface, which carries a peelable protective film, with a low-viscosity coating agent, in which a surface equivalent to the dipping process is produced without necessarily coating the entire surface and such a large one Amount of bath as required by the immersion process and correspondingly extensive clean room measures would be required. Furthermore, it should be possible to work continuously to coat the surfaces of sheets, strips and foils.
  • the protective film is spread from the surface and the thin coating agent is filled into the gap between the exposed surface and the spread protective film and the protective film is pulled off the surface so that the gap moves over the surface to be coated, with the thin coating agent being added according to consumption.
  • the protective film has either been on the surface since manufacture or is only applied to the surface to be coated for the purposes of the invention; in this case one can speak of an auxiliary film, however the term "protective film" is retained in the following for the purpose of uniform designation.
  • the gap is filled with the low-viscosity coating agent. It is held in the gap by the capillary force, so that the excess coating agent in the gap moves with the migrating gap and leaves the surface coated evenly. If the amount of coating agent in the gap has been consumed and has not been replenished, the coating tears off with a sharp boundary.
  • the capillary force has the effect of distributing the coating agent evenly over the length of the gap and the coating as the coating moves on Extend the gap to an even small thickness.
  • the influence of gravity on the distribution of the coating agent in the gap and on the excess of the coating film flowing back into the gap increases.
  • the gap runs horizontally and is open at the top and if the surface to be coated is as steep as possible, preferably vertical, in the region of the gap. This also makes it much easier to add used coating agent in the gap.
  • At least one of the two surfaces that together form the gap is curved about an axis parallel to the gap, and possibly both. If the surface to be coated is rigid and is flat, only the protective film is curved. If a film is coated, it can itself be curved. The resulting coating is particularly uniform if the radius of curvature of the curved surface always remains the same as the gap migrates over the surface to be coated.
  • a radius of curvature is formed which depends on the pulling force, the pulling angle and the elasticity of the film. If these sizes remain constant, the gap profile also remains constant. Constant radii of curvature are, however, maintained more reliably if the protective film is pulled off on a roller running parallel to the gap.
  • the take-off roller preferably has a soft elastic surface and lies against the still adhering protective film at the take-off limit. The removed film follows the take-off roller so that it has its radius of curvature in the gap.
  • the radius of curvature is preferably between 10 and 200 mm.
  • a coating system is preferably used which contains two parallel and horizontally arranged rollers at the take-off point, which abut the two sides of the substrate and let it pass upwards.
  • Rigid Substrates emerge tangentially to the rollers, elastic substrates can follow the rollers over a limited distance.
  • Rigid substrates preferably emerge vertically upward from the nip, but angles deviating from the vertical, for example up to 60 degrees C, can usually also be used.
  • a protective film can be removed from both sides of the substrate and a coating can be carried out.
  • the method of the invention can be applied discontinuously in cases in which a surface could otherwise only be coated with difficulty with a uniform, thin layer of the low-viscosity coating agent.
  • a surface could otherwise only be coated with difficulty with a uniform, thin layer of the low-viscosity coating agent.
  • An auxiliary film is adhesively adhered to the closed surface of the mold and spread at the edge to form a gap. A sufficient amount of the thin coating agent is poured into the gap and evenly distributed. When the auxiliary film is gradually removed, the coated tool surface remains. In the case of small areas, it is usually possible to meter the amount of coating agent so precisely that it is just sufficient to coat the surface. Otherwise, the coating agent is replenished as required and the excess is sucked in after the auxiliary film has been completely removed.
  • the resulting coating is more uniform the thinner the coating agent is. Under the application conditions, a viscosity of 500 mPa s should not be exceeded if possible; 50 to 500 mPas are preferred.
  • the uniformity of the coating film is further promoted in that the filling height is as uniform as possible and constant over time over the entire width of the nip.
  • This can be achieved by allowing the coating agent to flow continuously from one or more outlet nozzles into the gap in accordance with the current consumption.
  • the outlet nozzles should be so close together that the coating agent is distributed uniformly over the gap length. Distances between 2 and 20 cm are advisable. However, a split nozzle can also be used.
  • the feed of the coating agent into the gap is metered in such a way that it does not run out at the ends of the gap. This can also be prevented by wedge-shaped sealing pieces fitted into the gap or by elastic sealing tabs placed on the side. With a small filling height of the gap, the capillary force alone has the effect of holding the coating agent in the gap in such a way that it is evenly filled to the end, but no coating agent flows off at its open ends.
  • the gap is preferably guided along the surface at a speed of about 0.1 to 10 m / min, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 2 m / min.
  • Higher Speeds can lead to turbulent flow of the coating agent in the gap and consequently to a non-uniform coating.
  • Lower speeds are generally uneconomical due to low productivity and can lead to malfunctions due to drying in the area of the roll gap.
  • Disruption of the coating by dust particles should of course be avoided in the process of the invention as well as in the known immersion process. However, it is sufficient to maintain clean room conditions in the limited area from the gap to the drying or curing zone. This area can be easily encapsulated with a relatively small housing and kept dust-free by blowing in cleaned air.
  • the protective film is the protective film
  • the protective film covers the entire surface of the substrate and is adhesively bonded to it, for example by means of a pressure-sensitive adhesive. If the protective film is made of corona-treated polyolefin, it can also be adhered by hot lamination without additional adhesive. Soft-elastic protective films made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester or soft PVC with a thickness of, for example, 20 to 100 micrometers are preferred. These films have the effect that they bind dust particles that were on the substrate surface before lamination and take them with them when they are removed.
  • the method of the invention is suitable for coating solid, closed surfaces of any kind, provided that their geometry allows a protective film to be applied. This is the case for all flat and uniaxially curved surfaces, such as cylindrical or conical surfaces. Spherically curved surfaces can sometimes be covered with elastic protective films.
  • Flat surfaces of flat substrates with a uniform thickness, such as sheets, sheets or foils, are preferably coated. The coating of flat, rigid substrates in the form of flat sheets or webs is particularly preferred.
  • the surface can consist of any coatable material and may differ from the material of the layer lying below the surface.
  • the surface is preferably made of plastic.
  • Thermoplastic extrudable plastics are preferred; eg polycarbonate, acrylic glass (polymethyl methacrylate or copolymers of methyl methacrylate), polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS plastics, polystyrene or polyester. They can be crystal clear or clouded or colored by pigments or fillers and can contain impact-resistant or other customary additives.
  • the thickness ranges from about 10 microns to 1 mm for foils and from 1 to 20 mm for sheets.
  • the width of the surface is at most limited by the machine width and can be, for example, 0.2 to 3 m. The length is arbitrary.
  • the coating system can be connected directly to the production system.
  • the substrate can be coated on one or both sides in the same operation, but foils are mostly coated on one side only and panels are mostly coated on both sides.
  • the coating agent is the coating agent
  • any type of decorative or functional cover layers can be applied to the surfaces.
  • All low-viscosity curable lacquers can be used as the coating agent, provided that they sufficiently wet the surface and are continuously curable at a sufficient speed. Curing can occur physically through evaporation of a solvent or chemically through crosslinking or polymerization.
  • Preferred coating compositions are cured by both methods by first evaporating a solvent under the action of heat and then polymerizing or crosslinking, for example under the action of UV radiation.
  • Corresponding coating compositions are known in large numbers. They are used, for example, for generation Power-resistant, UV-protective, reflection-reducing, adhesion-promoting or matting top layers and may contain the undissolved ingredients required for this purpose. The production of glossy top layers is of outstanding importance in the context of the invention.
  • Typical thicknesses of the hardened cover layers are between 1 to 20 micrometers; they are made from e.g. 3 to 60 micrometer thick layers of the low viscosity coating agent produced.
  • the protective film is inevitably co-coated in the process of the invention. Since the coating produced is thin, the amount of coating agent remaining on the auxiliary film is economically insignificant. In order to avoid losses of the coating agent, the coating agent can be scraped off the surface of the protective film just behind the gap filling so that it flows back into the gap.
  • the peeled off auxiliary film can optionally be laminated with the uncoated side as a removable protective film back onto the panel or film coated according to the invention.
  • the coating always follows in practice.
  • the curing conditions depend in a manner known per se on the nature of the coating agent. Physically drying coatings harden by evaporation of the solvent. Evaporation can be done by heating with Radiant heaters, rear-facing heating surfaces or warm air are conveyed. Chemically curing coating compositions can be cured in the same way by heating or by activating radiation, such as UV, gamma or electron radiation. In the case of continuous operation, this is expediently carried out in a stationary, dust-free hardening tunnel, the length of which is such that the coating is cured through the tunnel at the same speed at which it is applied. Usual curing times are between 1 and 60 ec.

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé d'enduction d'une surface rigide, fermée, qui supporte une feuille protectrice adhérente pelable, avec un revêtement fluide, caractérisé en ce que la feuille protectrice est écartée, de la surface, en ce que l'on remplit la fente délimitée par la surface dégagée et la feuille protectrice écartée du revêtement fluide et en ce que la feuille protectrice est décollée de la surface de telle manière que la fente se déplace tout au long de la surface à enduire, le revêtement fluide étant régénéré d'une quantité correspondant à sa consommation.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la feuille protectrice est écartée et décollée de telle manière que la fente s'étend horizontalement.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la feuille protectrice est écartée et décollée de telle manière que la fente est ouverte vers le haut.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la surface, au voisinage de la fente, est maintenue en position verticale.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement s'écoule dans la fente d'une quantité correspondant à sa consommation, en provenance d'une ou de plusieurs buses d'alimentation.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise un revêtement fluide ayant une viscosité inférieure à 500 mPa s.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'on enduit une surface constituée de matière plastique.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'on enduit une surface d'une plaque ou d'une bande constituées de matière plastique.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'on enduit les surfaces d'une plaque ou d'une bande, qui supportent sur chacun des deux côtés de la plaque ou de la bande une feuille protectrice adhérente pelable, et en ce que simultanément des deux côtés, on décolle les feuilles protectrices et l'on alimente en produits d'enduction.
EP88119406A 1987-11-26 1988-11-22 Procédé pour revêtir des surfaces compactes fermées Expired - Lifetime EP0317949B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88119406T ATE91439T1 (de) 1987-11-26 1988-11-22 Verfahren zum beschichten von festen, geschlossenen oberflaechen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3740080 1987-11-26
DE3740080A DE3740080C1 (de) 1987-11-26 1987-11-26 Verfahren zum Beschichten einer festen,geschlossenen Oberflaeche

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0317949A2 EP0317949A2 (fr) 1989-05-31
EP0317949A3 EP0317949A3 (fr) 1991-01-30
EP0317949B1 true EP0317949B1 (fr) 1993-07-14

Family

ID=6341321

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88119406A Expired - Lifetime EP0317949B1 (fr) 1987-11-26 1988-11-22 Procédé pour revêtir des surfaces compactes fermées

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4917754A (fr)
EP (1) EP0317949B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01168384A (fr)
AT (1) ATE91439T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1325556C (fr)
DE (2) DE3740080C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2042698T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2023048932A (ja) * 2021-09-28 2023-04-07 トヨタ自動車株式会社 見切り線の形成方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2365705A (en) * 1941-02-26 1944-12-26 Andrew Jeri Company Inc Method of applying temporary protective coatings
US3930069A (en) * 1972-07-31 1975-12-30 Charles Edward Stephens Refinish painting method
US4201799A (en) * 1976-12-27 1980-05-06 Stephens Charles E Refinish painting apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1325556C (fr) 1993-12-28
DE3882340D1 (de) 1993-08-19
DE3740080C1 (de) 1989-03-02
EP0317949A2 (fr) 1989-05-31
ES2042698T3 (es) 1993-12-16
US4917754A (en) 1990-04-17
ATE91439T1 (de) 1993-07-15
EP0317949A3 (fr) 1991-01-30
JPH01168384A (ja) 1989-07-03

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