EP0315141B1 - Excitation arrangement of a circular polarised wave with a patch antenna in a waveguide - Google Patents

Excitation arrangement of a circular polarised wave with a patch antenna in a waveguide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0315141B1
EP0315141B1 EP88118239A EP88118239A EP0315141B1 EP 0315141 B1 EP0315141 B1 EP 0315141B1 EP 88118239 A EP88118239 A EP 88118239A EP 88118239 A EP88118239 A EP 88118239A EP 0315141 B1 EP0315141 B1 EP 0315141B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
metal
insulating substrate
symmetry
layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP88118239A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0315141A1 (en
Inventor
Didier René
Thiery Dusseux
Philippe Ginestet
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Alcatel Lucent NV
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
Alcatel NV
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
    • H01P1/17—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for excitation of a waveguide in circular polarization by a planar antenna, for example printed or plated.
  • This device is a compact device for excitation of a waveguide in double circular polarization with wide band and high polarization purity. It makes it possible to generate a wave in right and / or left circular polarization in a guide with a section, for example square or circular.
  • Such a device is intended to be used in a multisource antenna with frequency reuse in circular polarization.
  • TEM Transverse Electro-magnetic
  • Document US-A-3,665,480 discloses a printed antenna associated with a waveguide.
  • the antenna has a radiating opening in the form of an annular slot formed in a conductive plate and orthogonal feed lines, arranged between two conductive plates separated by a dielectric, coming to terminate under the central disc delimited by the annular slot.
  • Such an antenna is of poor quality in terms of bandwidth and polarization purity and therefore incompatible with use in pure circular polarization on telecommunication frequency bands.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a device for excitation of a waveguide by a planar antenna having improved qualities in terms of bandwidth, ellipticity and compactness.
  • Such a device has excellent adaptation in a wide frequency band and excellent purity of circular polarization in this band.
  • the device of the invention consists of a guide 10, for example cylindrical, excited in circular polarization by an antenna 11, for example plated or printed, with a single resonator.
  • This antenna therefore includes a flat metallic pattern deposited on an insulating substrate.
  • the shape of the antenna is scalable depending on the performance to be expected (typically square or circular depending on the shape of the waveguide).
  • the bottom of the waveguide 12 serves as a ground plane for the antenna, here in the form of a disc.
  • the antenna is supplied by two coaxial attacks 13 and 14 adapted and situated at 90 ° from one another relative to the center of the guide, these two attacks being isolated from each other using a dielectric 18.
  • Each coaxial attack is supplied in phase quadrature by a 90 ° hybrid coupler (15) which can be a hybrid coupler with branches for example.
  • An access 16 of this hybrid coupler 15 generates right circular polarization; the other access 17 generates left circular polarization.
  • This hybrid coupler 15 is unbalanced in amplitude so as to compensate for the couplings between probes and to generate in each polarization a field having a minimum ellipticity ratio.
  • the antenna for example plated or printed, is constituted by a double resonator 11, 20, which makes it possible to increase the bandwidth of the device.
  • the two parts 11 and 20 of this double resonator having here, for example, the form of two concentric metal discs, are spaced apart by means of a dielectric 21.
  • the antenna 11 (with a double resonator or with a single resonator), for example plated or printed, is supplied by four coaxial attacks 22, 23, 24 and 25 supplied with quadrature (0 °, ⁇ 90 °, ⁇ 180 °, ⁇ 270 °) by a device 26 composed of a hybrid coupler and two "mousetraps"("Rat-race in English or rings hybrids) or a hybrid coupler and two suitable "tees". Each hybrid coupler and each "mousetrap" or “tee” is balanced (3dB coupler) and thus generates pure circular polarization waves in the waveguide.
  • the hybrid coupler produces the phase quadrature necessary for circular polarization.
  • the "mousetraps” or “tees”, constituting in fact a balun device, can, moreover, be replaced by other types of “balun” (balance unit "in English) or balancing systems.
  • the device of the invention can include a resonator (figure 1,2), two resonators (figure 3), but it can also include more than two resonators: three, four ...
  • these resonators are not necessarily circular in shape: they can have any shape: circular, square, cross, star, hexagonal, or have notches or asymmetrical accidents. They may also have recesses (surfaces unmetallized) of any shape within their outline.
  • dielectric layers (18, 21) for supporting these resonators (11, 20) can be partially or totally replaced by other types of supports (spacers, columns) of any material (conductor or insulator) known to man. art.
  • these resonators can be extended out of their plane or in their plane by metal parts which may or may not come into electrical contact with the wall of the guide.
  • the guides used can be circular, square, but also hexagonal, polygonal, elliptical or other. They can present accidents such as excess thickness or furrows in the longitudinal, oblique or transverse direction, or present local accidents such as pawns, iris, slots. They can also be globally or locally flared or narrowed, or both successively, according to a determined law for example.
  • the excitation system can just as easily be located inside the guide.
  • the device of the invention can be powered by 2, by 4 but also by a greater number of accesses, which can be connected to the first resonator (11), but also to the other resonators (20 ).

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Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'excitation d'un guide d'onde en polarisation circulaire par une antenne plane, par exemple imprimée ou plaquée.The invention relates to a device for excitation of a waveguide in circular polarization by a planar antenna, for example printed or plated.

Ce dispositif est un dispositif compact d'excitation d'un guide d'onde en double polarisation circulaire à large bande et à haute pureté de polarisation. Il permet de générer une onde en polarisation circulaire droite et/ou gauche dans un guide à section par exemple carrée ou circulaire.This device is a compact device for excitation of a waveguide in double circular polarization with wide band and high polarization purity. It makes it possible to generate a wave in right and / or left circular polarization in a guide with a section, for example square or circular.

Un tel dispositif est destiné à être utilisé dans une antenne multisource à réutilisation de fréquence en polarisation circulaire.Such a device is intended to be used in a multisource antenna with frequency reuse in circular polarization.

Il peut également être utilisé dans tout élément rayonnant en guide d'onde, nécessitant une excitation compacte en polarisation circulaire, à partir d'une alimentation en ligne TEM ("Transverse Electro-magnetic") par exemple : ligne coaxiale, ligne triplaque ou ligne microstrip.It can also be used in any radiating element in waveguide, requiring a compact excitation in circular polarization, from a supply line TEM ("Transverse Electro-magnetic") for example: coaxial line, triplate line or line microstrip.

On connaît du document US-A-3 665 480, une antenne imprimée associée à un guide d'onde. L'antenne a une ouverture rayonnante en forme de fente annulaire formée dans une plaque conductrice et des lignes d'alimentation orthogonales, disposées entre deux plaques conductrices séparées par un diélectrique, venant se terminer sous le disque central délimité par la fente annulaire. Une telle antenne est de qualité médiocre en termes de largeur de bande et de pureté de polarisation et donc incompatible avec une utilisation en polarisation circulaire pure sur des bandes de fréquence télécommunication.Document US-A-3,665,480 discloses a printed antenna associated with a waveguide. The antenna has a radiating opening in the form of an annular slot formed in a conductive plate and orthogonal feed lines, arranged between two conductive plates separated by a dielectric, coming to terminate under the central disc delimited by the annular slot. Such an antenna is of poor quality in terms of bandwidth and polarization purity and therefore incompatible with use in pure circular polarization on telecommunication frequency bands.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif d'excitation d'un guide d'onde par une antenne plane ayant des qualités améliorées en termes de bande passante, d'ellipticité et de compacité.The object of the invention is to propose a device for excitation of a waveguide by a planar antenna having improved qualities in terms of bandwidth, ellipticity and compactness.

Ce but est atteint par un dispositif d'excitation d'un guide d'onde conforme à la revendication 1.This object is achieved by a device for excitation of a waveguide according to claim 1.

Un tel dispositif présente une excellente adaptation dans une large bande de fréquence et une excellente pureté de polarisation circulaire dans cette bande.Such a device has excellent adaptation in a wide frequency band and excellent purity of circular polarization in this band.

Un tel dispositif permet de pallier les inconvénients des systèmes de l'art connu. Il permet en effet :

  • une diminution de l'encombrement ;
  • un élargissement de la bande de fréquence pour des valeurs d'adaptation et d'ellipticité données.
Such a device overcomes the drawbacks of the systems of the known art. It allows:
  • a reduction in size;
  • a widening of the frequency band for given adaptation and ellipticity values.

Le dispositif de l'invention présente, en effet, les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • Il est extrêmement compact ; la polarisation circulaire est ici directement générée à partir d'une ligne TEM sur une longueur inférieure à une longueur d'onde ;
  • Il est muni d'accès arrières longitudinaux ; ce qui permet de coupler ces accès, sans câbles coaxiaux supplémentaires, à un répartiteur de puissance TEM émission et/ou réception parallèle à la section du guide ; endroit où peuvent être également implantés les coupleurs hybrides de mise en quadrature ;
  • Il est utilisable sur toute antenne en polarisation circulaire où se pose un problème de compacité ou d'encombrement pour le dispositif de polarisation.
The device of the invention has, in fact, the following characteristics:
  • It is extremely compact; the circular polarization is here directly generated from a TEM line over a length less than a wavelength;
  • It is provided with longitudinal rear access; which makes it possible to couple these accesses, without additional coaxial cables, to a transmission power distributor TEM and / or reception parallel to the section of the guide; place where hybrid quadrature couplers can also be installed;
  • It can be used on any antenna with circular polarization where there is a problem of compactness or size for the polarization device.

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs de la description qui va suivre, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence aux figures annexées sur lesquelles :

  • les figures 1 et 2 illustrent respectivement une vue de face suivant la flèche I représentée à la figure 2, et une vue en coupe longitudinale du dispositif de l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 illustre une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une première variante du dispositif de l'invention ;
  • les figures 4 et 5 illustrent respectivement une vue de face suivant la flèche IV représentée à la figure 5, et une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une seconde variante du dispositif de l'invention.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended figures in which:
  • Figures 1 and 2 respectively illustrate a front view according to the arrow I shown in Figure 2, and a longitudinal sectional view of the device of the invention;
  • Figure 3 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a first variant of the device of the invention;
  • Figures 4 and 5 respectively illustrate a front view along arrow IV shown in Figure 5, and a longitudinal sectional view of a second variant of the device of the invention.

Le dispositif de l'invention, tel que représenté en figure 1, est constitué par un guide 10, par exemple cylindrique, excité en polarisation circulaire par une antenne 11, par exemple plaquée ou imprimée, à simple résonateur. Cette antenne comporte donc un motif métallique plan déposé sur un substrat isolant. La forme de l'antenne est évolutive suivant les performances à attendre (typiquement carrée ou circulaire suivant la forme du guide d'onde). Le fond du guide d'onde 12 sert de plan de masse à l'antenne, ici en forme de disque. L'antenne est alimentée par deux attaques coaxiales 13 et 14 adaptées et situées à 90° l'une de l'autre relativement au centre du guide, ces deux attaques étant isolées l'une de l'autre à l'aide d'un diélectrique 18.The device of the invention, as shown in FIG. 1, consists of a guide 10, for example cylindrical, excited in circular polarization by an antenna 11, for example plated or printed, with a single resonator. This antenna therefore includes a flat metallic pattern deposited on an insulating substrate. The shape of the antenna is scalable depending on the performance to be expected (typically square or circular depending on the shape of the waveguide). The bottom of the waveguide 12 serves as a ground plane for the antenna, here in the form of a disc. The antenna is supplied by two coaxial attacks 13 and 14 adapted and situated at 90 ° from one another relative to the center of the guide, these two attacks being isolated from each other using a dielectric 18.

Chaque attaque coaxiale est alimentée en quadrature de phase par un coupleur hybride 90° (15) qui peut être un coupleur hybride à branches par exemple. Un accès 16 de ce coupleur hybride 15 génère de la polarisation circulaire droite ; l'autre accès 17 génère de la polarisation circulaire gauche. Ce coupleur hybride 15 est déséquilibré en amplitude de manière à compenser les couplages entre sondes et à générer dans chaque polarisation un champ présentant un rapport d'éllipticité minimal.Each coaxial attack is supplied in phase quadrature by a 90 ° hybrid coupler (15) which can be a hybrid coupler with branches for example. An access 16 of this hybrid coupler 15 generates right circular polarization; the other access 17 generates left circular polarization. This hybrid coupler 15 is unbalanced in amplitude so as to compensate for the couplings between probes and to generate in each polarization a field having a minimum ellipticity ratio.

Dans une première variante de réalisation, comme représenté à la figure 3, l'antenne, par exemple plaquée ou imprimée, est constituée par un double résonateur 11, 20, ce qui permet d'augmenter la bande passante du dispositif. Les deux parties 11 et 20 de ce double résonateur, ayant ici, à titre d'exemple, la forme de deux disques métalliques concentriques, sont espacées grâce à un diélectrique 21.In a first alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the antenna, for example plated or printed, is constituted by a double resonator 11, 20, which makes it possible to increase the bandwidth of the device. The two parts 11 and 20 of this double resonator, having here, for example, the form of two concentric metal discs, are spaced apart by means of a dielectric 21.

Dans une seconde variante de réalisation, comme représenté aux figures 4 et 5, l'antenne 11 (à double résonateur ou à simple résonateur), par exemple plaquée ou imprimée, est alimentée par quatre attaques coaxiales 22, 23, 24 et 25 alimentées en quadrature (0°, ± 90°, ± 180°, ± 270°) par un dispositif 26 composé d'un coupleur hybride et de deux "sourricières" ("Rat-race en anglais ou anneaux hybrides) ou d'un coupleur hybride et de deux "tés" adaptés. Chaque coupleur hybride et chaque "souricière" ou "té" est équilibré (coupleur 3dB) et génère ainsi dans le guide d'onde des ondes à polarisation circulaire pure.In a second alternative embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the antenna 11 (with a double resonator or with a single resonator), for example plated or printed, is supplied by four coaxial attacks 22, 23, 24 and 25 supplied with quadrature (0 °, ± 90 °, ± 180 °, ± 270 °) by a device 26 composed of a hybrid coupler and two "mousetraps"("Rat-race in English or rings hybrids) or a hybrid coupler and two suitable "tees". Each hybrid coupler and each "mousetrap" or "tee" is balanced (3dB coupler) and thus generates pure circular polarization waves in the waveguide.

Le coupleur hybride produit la quadrature de phase nécessaire à la polarisation circulaire. Les "souricières" ou "tés", constituant en fait un dispositif symétriseur, peuvent, d'ailleurs, être remplacés par d'autres types de "balun" (balance unit" en anglais) ou systèmes d'équilibrage.The hybrid coupler produces the phase quadrature necessary for circular polarization. The "mousetraps" or "tees", constituting in fact a balun device, can, moreover, be replaced by other types of "balun" (balance unit "in English) or balancing systems.

On peut utiliser le dispositif de l'invention, tel que représenté à la figure 3, avec les dimensions suivantes :

  • distance entre chacune des attaques coaxiales 13 et 14 et le centre du résonateur 11 de forme circulaire : environ 20,5 millimètres ;
  • épaisseur du diélectrique 18 : environ 3 millimètres ;
  • épaisseur du résonateur 11 : environ 0,5 millimètre ;
  • épaisseur du diélectrique 21 : environ 7 millimètres ;
  • épaisseur du résonateur 20 : environ 0,5 millimètre ;
  • diamètre du résonateur 11, de forme circulaire, environ 41 millimètres ;
  • diamètre du résonateur 20, de forme circulaire : environ 28 millimètres ;
  • diamètre du guide 10, de forme cylindrique : environ 52 millimètres.
The device of the invention can be used, as shown in FIG. 3, with the following dimensions:
  • distance between each of the coaxial attacks 13 and 14 and the center of the resonator 11 of circular shape: approximately 20.5 millimeters;
  • thickness of the dielectric 18: approximately 3 millimeters;
  • thickness of the resonator 11: approximately 0.5 millimeter;
  • thickness of the dielectric 21: approximately 7 millimeters;
  • thickness of the resonator 20: approximately 0.5 millimeter;
  • diameter of the resonator 11, of circular shape, about 41 millimeters;
  • diameter of the resonator 20, of circular shape: about 28 millimeters;
  • diameter of the guide 10, of cylindrical shape: about 52 millimeters.

On peut alors obtenir les performances suivantes :

  • Bande de fréquence : 15% (exemple 3700 MHz - 4200 MHz).
  • Adaptation, T.O.S. dans cette bande < 1,20
  • Ellipticité < 0,6dB
   Il est bien entendu que la présente invention n'a été décrite et représentée qu'à titre d'exemple préférentiel et que l'on pourra remplacer ses éléments constitutifs par des éléments équivalents sans, pour autant, sortir du cadre de l'invention.We can then obtain the following performances:
  • Frequency band: 15% (example 3700 MHz - 4200 MHz).
  • Adaptation, TOS in this band <1.20
  • Ellipticity <0.6dB
It is understood that the present invention has only been described and shown as a preferred example and that its constituent elements can be replaced by equivalent elements without, however, departing from the scope of the invention.

Ainsi le dispositif de l'invention peut comporter un résonateur (figure 1,2), deux résonateurs (figure 3), mais il peut également comporter plus de deux résonateurs : trois, quatre...Thus, the device of the invention can include a resonator (figure 1,2), two resonators (figure 3), but it can also include more than two resonators: three, four ...

Ainsi ces résonateurs ne sont pas forcément de forme circulaire : ils peuvent avoir une forme quelconque : circulaire, carrée, en croix, en étoile, hexagonale, ou présenter des encoches ou accidents dissymétriques. Il peuvent également présenter des évidements (surfaces non métallisées) de forme quelconque à l'intérieur de leur contour.Thus these resonators are not necessarily circular in shape: they can have any shape: circular, square, cross, star, hexagonal, or have notches or asymmetrical accidents. They may also have recesses (surfaces unmetallized) of any shape within their outline.

Ainsi les couches diélectriques (18, 21) de support de ces résonateurs (11, 20) peuvent être remplacées partiellement ou totalement par d'autres types de supports (entretoises, colonnettes) en matière quelconque (conducteur ou isolant) connus de l'homme de l'art.Thus the dielectric layers (18, 21) for supporting these resonators (11, 20) can be partially or totally replaced by other types of supports (spacers, columns) of any material (conductor or insulator) known to man. art.

Ainsi ces résonateurs peuvent être prolongés hors de leur plan ou dans leur plan par des pièces métalliques pouvant ou non entrer en contact électrique avec la paroi du guide.Thus these resonators can be extended out of their plane or in their plane by metal parts which may or may not come into electrical contact with the wall of the guide.

Ainsi les guides utilisés peuvent être de forme circulaire, carrée, mais aussi hexagonale, polygonale, elliptique ou autre. Ils peuvent présenter des accidents tels que surépaisseurs ou sillons dans le sens longitudinal, oblique ou transversal, ou présenter des accidents locaux tels que pions, iris, fentes. Ils peuvent, également, être globalement ou localement évasés ou rétrécis, ou les deux successivement, selon une loi déterminée par exemple.Thus the guides used can be circular, square, but also hexagonal, polygonal, elliptical or other. They can present accidents such as excess thickness or furrows in the longitudinal, oblique or transverse direction, or present local accidents such as pawns, iris, slots. They can also be globally or locally flared or narrowed, or both successively, according to a determined law for example.

Ainsi le système d'excitation peut, tout aussi bien, être situé à l'intérieur du guide.Thus the excitation system can just as easily be located inside the guide.

Ainsi le dispositif de l'invention peut être alimenté par 2, par 4 mais aussi par un nombre plus grand d'accès, qui peuvent être connectés au premier résonateur (11), mais aussi aux autres résonateurs (20...).Thus the device of the invention can be powered by 2, by 4 but also by a greater number of accesses, which can be connected to the first resonator (11), but also to the other resonators (20 ...).

Claims (5)

  1. A device for exciting a hollow, rectilinear waveguide (10) having an axis of symmetry and closed at a first end (12) perpendicular to said axis of symmetry, the device comprising a plane antenna, characterized in that the antenna comprises:
    · a ground plane constituted by the said first end of the waveguide (12);
    · at least two layers of insulating substrate (18, 21) disposed on the inside surface of the first end of the waveguide and separated from each other by a first metal surface (11), the said layer of insulating substrate furthest from the said first end of the waveguide carrying a second metal surface (20), the said layers of insulating substrate and the said metal surfaces all being disposed symmetrically in relation to the waveguide's axis of symmetry, each of the said metal surfaces forming a radiating element and constituting a plurality of superimposed resonators disposed on the inside surface of the said first end of the waveguide;
    · at least one pair of coaxial lines (13, 14) connected to the said first metal surface and spaced apart from one another at a 90° angle to the waveguide's symmetry; and
    · a circuit (15) including a hybrid coupler feeding the said coaxial lines in quadrature to excite the waveguide with circular polarization.
  2. A device according to claim 1, in which each radiating element is a metal printed circuit pattern disposed on a respective layer of insulating substrate.
  3. A device according to any preceding claim, comprising four coaxial lines spaced in pairs at a 90° angle relative to the axis of symmetry of the waveguide and connected to the said first metal surface.
  4. A device according to any preceding claim, in which the said metal surfaces are constituted by metal disks disposed on respective surfaces of the said layers of insulating substrate and constituting the said radiating elements.
  5. A device according to claim 4, in which the said waveguide is made of metal and the said second layer of insulating substrate (21) is interposed between the surface of the first metal disk (11) furthest away from the said first layer of insulating substrate (18) and the said second metal disk (20) placed on the front of the said second layer of insulating substrate (21) furthest away from the said first metal disk (11), the said first metal disk (11) constituting the said first radiating element and the said second metal disk (20) constituting the said second radiating element.
EP88118239A 1987-11-05 1988-11-02 Excitation arrangement of a circular polarised wave with a patch antenna in a waveguide Expired - Lifetime EP0315141B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8715359 1987-11-05
FR8715359A FR2623020B1 (en) 1987-11-05 1987-11-05 DEVICE FOR EXCITTING A CIRCULAR POLARIZATION WAVEGUIDE BY A PLANE ANTENNA

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0315141A1 EP0315141A1 (en) 1989-05-10
EP0315141B1 true EP0315141B1 (en) 1993-12-29

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EP88118239A Expired - Lifetime EP0315141B1 (en) 1987-11-05 1988-11-02 Excitation arrangement of a circular polarised wave with a patch antenna in a waveguide

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US (1) US5010348A (en)
EP (1) EP0315141B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01205603A (en)
CA (1) CA1290449C (en)
DE (1) DE3886689T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2623020B1 (en)

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Also Published As

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JPH01205603A (en) 1989-08-18
EP0315141A1 (en) 1989-05-10
CA1290449C (en) 1991-10-08
US5010348A (en) 1991-04-23
FR2623020B1 (en) 1990-02-16
DE3886689T2 (en) 1994-04-28
DE3886689D1 (en) 1994-02-10
FR2623020A1 (en) 1989-05-12

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