EP0314609A2 - Druckbehälter zur Speicherung von Gasen hoher Reinheit - Google Patents

Druckbehälter zur Speicherung von Gasen hoher Reinheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0314609A2
EP0314609A2 EP88730233A EP88730233A EP0314609A2 EP 0314609 A2 EP0314609 A2 EP 0314609A2 EP 88730233 A EP88730233 A EP 88730233A EP 88730233 A EP88730233 A EP 88730233A EP 0314609 A2 EP0314609 A2 EP 0314609A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectors
sculpture
cameras
picture
mass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88730233A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0314609A3 (en
EP0314609B1 (de
Inventor
Ernst W. Dr. Ing. Lange
Karl Dipl.-Ing. Scholl
Dieter Dr. Ing. Vesperman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vodafone GmbH
Original Assignee
Mannesmann AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Mannesmann AG filed Critical Mannesmann AG
Priority to AT88730233T priority Critical patent/ATE89904T1/de
Publication of EP0314609A2 publication Critical patent/EP0314609A2/de
Publication of EP0314609A3 publication Critical patent/EP0314609A3/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/10—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for protection against corrosion, e.g. due to gaseous acid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0308—Protective caps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0329—Valves manually actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0382—Constructional details of valves, regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2172—Polishing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/05—Ultrapure fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/012—Reducing weight
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/05—Improving chemical properties
    • F17C2260/053—Reducing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0518—Semiconductors

Definitions

  • a common method of producing stereoscopic or three-dimensional sculptures is comprised of a stereophotographic process and a sculpture manufacturing process.
  • stereophotographic processing apparatus 1 In the stereophotographic process, there is employed, for instance, such an arrangement of stereophotographic processing apparatus as designated generally at a reference numeral 1 in FIG. 5(I).
  • This stereophotographic processing apparatus 1 is seen comprising in construction a nearly letter C-shaped frame in symmetrical shape designated at 2, seven photographic cameras at Ci, C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , Cs, C 6 , C 7 , and three units of projectors at P 1 , P 2 P 3 , which are all arranged as shown.
  • the reference characters Ci through C 7 and Pi through P 3 not only represent a group of photographic cameras and a group of projectors, respectively, but also represent typically the optical lenses per se belonging to these components for convenience in the description to follow.
  • the camera C 4 is disposed in the center position of the frame 2, and also that the other cameras C 3 , C 2 , C 1 and Cs, C 6 , C 7 are disposed discretely along the frame 2 in a symmetrical relationship with respect to the central camera C 4 .
  • the projectors Pi and P 3 are seen disposed in the neighborhood of the cameras Ci and C 7 in a symmetrical relationship with respect to the projector P 2 which is disposed in the neighborhood of the central camera C 4 , respectively.
  • the cameras C 1 through C 7 and the projectors P i through P 3 are disposed concentering at a specific point 0 1 which is slightly before the person to be photographed, as seen schematically in the figure.
  • Each of the projectors P 1 through P 3 is fitted with a screen 4a with a number of lines running vertically in parallel or stripes S 1 , S 2 ", S n as shown in FIG. 6 (II), and the projectors are operated to throw striped patterns from the screens 4a onto the object to be photographed 3.
  • an apparatus 6 for producing solid sculptures which comprises a plurality of projectors P 11 through P 17 corresponding in quantity to the photographic cameras Ci through C 7 to replace them and disposed in the corresponding locations for cameras existing along the extension of the frame 5.
  • the photographed object 3 is replaced on the same location with a mass of material 7, for example, a lump of clay for the preparation of an original form for a stereoscopic sculpture on the same location.
  • the reference characters P 11 through P 17 not only represent a group of projectors, respectively, but also represent typically the optical lenses per se belonging to these projectors for convenience in the description to follow.
  • These projectors P 11 through P 17 are loaded with the photographic pictures taken by the group of cameras C 1 through C 7 disposed in the same positions, respectively. These pictures contain the scenes of projection on and around the outer shape in the surface of the object 3 such that the patterns 4b having the plurality of parallel lines S n of the screens 4a projected from the projectors P 1 through P 3 are deformed accordingly to its outer surface configuration, when projected thereupon in the previous photographing process (see FIG. 6(II)).
  • the focal length of the lens used in each of the projectors P 11 , P 12 , P 16 , P 17 is 50mm, and that of the lens employed in each of the projectors P 13 , P 14 , P 15 is 75mm, respectively. More specifically, it is notable that the lens with the same focal length is used for the compnents such as those cameras C 1 through C 7 and the projectors as those projectors Pi through P 3 and through P 17 disposed in the corresponding positions for the stereophotographic process and the sculpture processing process.
  • a 50% down-scaled positive is produced from the original pictures taken by the group of cameras C 1 through C 7 , and that thus-obtained reduced scale positive, the frame 5 for producing the conventional life-size stereoscopic sculpture and the group of projectors P 11 through P 17 disposed on this frame are used to obtain a 50% down-scaled sculpture.
  • this method wherein there is a long distance between the group of projectors P 11 through P 17 and the mass of material 7, it was so difficult in practice to make an adjustment to have the striped patterns 4b meet and coincide with each other as appearing when projected upon the material from each of the projectors P 11 through P 17 , and consequently, this method has not been employed in practice.
  • the distances a and b in each of the projectors P 11 through P 17 may be obtained, as follows.
  • the dimensions of the frame 5 for mounting the projectors P 11 through P 17 is as large as the one used in the stereophotographic processnoted hereinbefore.
  • the distance b may be obtained as follows.
  • the dimensions of the frame 10 for mounting the projectors P 1 through P 17 is half as large as the one used in the stereophotographic process taken previously.
  • the distance "b” is obtained as follows. Taking a ratio of "c" with respect to the distance "b" for the life-size sculpture, c may be obtained as follow.
  • the present invention is essentially directed to the provision of a useful solution to such a difficulty in practice as referred to above and experienced in the conventional stereophotographic process for producing a works of sculpture.
  • the present invention is directed to the provision of the improvement to attain the object stated above in, as summarized in brief, a process of producing a stereoscopic sculptural work on the basis of a stereophotographic process by arranging a plurality of photographic cameras and a plurality of optical projectors, each being loaded with a transparent screen having a plurality of parallel lines therein, around an object to be photographed at a predetermined object distance, arranging another plurality of projectors operatively around a mass of material to be modeled at such an operative distance of projection that they may be located in a similar position to that of each of the cameras to project the screen therefrom onto the object to take a photographic picture of a striped pattern in the screen projected onto the object, loading the projector with thus-taken picture to be projected onto the mass of material to be modeled, and modeling manually the mass of material to make the projected lines meet and coincide with each other as appeared thereon and to obtain a similar sized sculptural work to the object; a process of producing a stereoscopic sculpt
  • the present method of producing works of sculpture by way of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is comprised of a stereophotographic process and a sculpture producing process as in the conventional process.
  • a frame 11 is prepared proportionally to the shape of and accordingly to the scale of reduction to 50% on the part of the frame 2, and then there are disposed a group of projectors P 21 through P 27 , in the corresponding locations for the group of cameras C 1 through C 7 so as to form a stereoscopic sculpture producing apparatus 12 (see FIG. 1).
  • the lenses of these projectors P 21 through P 27 have a focal length half as long as that of the lenses of the cameras Ci through C 7 , respectively.
  • a frame 13 is prepared proportionally in shape of and accordingly to a scale of reduction of 60% with respect to the frame 2 for the stereophotographic process, and then, a group of projectors P 31 through P 37 is located operatively along the extension of the frame 13 in position corresponding to those for the group of cameras Ci through C 7 of the stereophotographic apparatus 1, thus providing the stereoscopic sculpture producing apparatus 14 (see FIG. 2),
  • Each of the lenses of these projectors P 31 through P 37 have a forcal length reduced to 60% of that of the lens of the corresponding one of the cameras C 1 through C 7 , respectively.
  • the both end points of the frame 11 are designated “E” and "F”, and the lower corners thereof are designated “G” and “H”, and next to FIG. 2, the both end points of the frame 13 are designated “I” and "J”, and the lower corners thereof are designated “K” and "L”, respectively.
  • reference characters P 21 through P 27 , and P 31 through P 37 are adapted to designate the projectors, as well as the lenses per se thereof, conceptually.
  • the ratios as obtained for each of the group of projectors P 21 through P 27 and P 31 through P 37 are constant for each of the scales of reduction so specified, and moreover, the value b for each of the projectors decreases as the scale of reduction becomes smaller.
  • each value b for producing 50% sculpture will be reduced to be 50% of or half as large as the value b for the production of a life-size sculpture
  • each value b for producing 40% sculpture will be reduced to be 60% less than or 40% of the value b for the production of a full-size sculpture, respectively.
  • the general arrangement of stereoscopic sculpture production apparatus 12 and 14 according to this invention will be made available with a substantially reduced size in the arrangement of projectors P 21 through P 27 and P 31 through P 37 accordingly to a specified scale of reduction, respectively.
  • the arrangement of stereoscopic sculpture production apparatus 12 and 14 may turn to be a small and light arrangement such that it is readily portable to any desired location for use, and such that the arrangement of projectors may not obstruct any performances of operation in a stereoscopic sculptural work, and this advantage may stand out particularly when a scale of reduction of 50% or more is taken in the sculpture production, which may eventually contribute to a substantial improvement in the efficiency of sculptural work, accordingly.
  • a single set of positives may serve for the production of sculpture to a desired scale of reduction, which may then be used in a given group of projectors set on the frame for a desired scale.
  • this arrangement can equally be adapted to the production of relief works, either.
  • a third positive is prepared in the manner disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7,494/1974 prior to the loading of the pictures as taken by the arrangement of cameras 1 into the arrangement of stereoscopic sculpture production apparatus 12, 14, and then this third positive is projected in the manner as disclosed in this Japanese Patent Publication specification to obtain a relief work.
  • the present invention may be adapted while projecting the third positive for the production of a relief work.
  • a frame structure it may not necessary to make the frame for use with a stereophotographic arrangement similar in shape with the one for a stereoscopic sculpture production arrangement, and so, what is required essentially is that the group of projectors of the sculpture production arrangement may be located in position corresponding in similarity to that for the group of cameras and projectors of the stereophotographic arrangement, and so, a frame structure may be prepared with any desired shape if it may satisfy this requirement, accordingly.
  • a relief work as used herein is directed to generally mean a carving or raised work embossed in a plane with a partial solid or three-dimensional appearance.
  • a third positive transparency is required to be prepared.
  • the preparation of this third positive transparency is made in the following manner.
  • an object 3 to be pictured is projected preliminarily with a screen 4a (see FIGS. 6(I) and (II)).
  • the object 3 is photographed by using the group of cameras C 3 , C 4 and Cs belonging to the stereophotographic apparatus 1.
  • the picture taken by the came C 4 is defined a first positive picture
  • the pictures taken by the cameras C 3 and Cs are defined a second positive picture, respectively.
  • FIG. 3 shows the state that the second positive picture of the camera C 5 is projected by using the projector P 15 .
  • the first positive picture as taken by the camera C 4 is reduced to be a half scale or 50% smaller in accordance with the required scale of reduction (hereinafter, this is referred to as "reduced first positive").
  • a projector P 26 loaded with the third positive is operated to throw overlapping patterns of parallel lines or stripes onto the reference plane in such a manner that there are seen a plurality of crossings M 1 , M 2 , M 3 ,,,,, defined with the parallel lines projected from the projector C 26 on the surface of the mass of clay, and the operator or sculptor may shape or model the mass by adding or removing clay to make proper striped patterns so as to obtain a 50% down-scaled relief work 17 on the reference plane GP, accordingly.
  • the dimensions of such projectors may be made smaller in size, thus making smaller the entire arrangement for producing a sculptural work, accordingly, and thus making the transportation of the entire arrangement so easier than the conventional arrangement.
  • each of the projectors may be made smaller in size, they may not project outwardly from the extension of the frame structure, and there is no obstruction to the operator's manual operations by reaching from the outside of the frame structure in the production of a sculpture work on a reduced scale, thus effecting a substantial efficiency in the production work of such a down-scaled sculpture, accordingly.
  • the scale of reduction of a positive transparency to be loaded into such projectors may turn to be constant, thus making it possible to commonly use positives of the same scale of recution, and thus making easier the preparation of such positives in the sculptural work. From such standpoint, it is feasible in practice to improve the efficiency of sculptural work, accordingly.
  • the process of this invention may equally be adapted to the production of a relief work, in which there may also be attained a similar advantageous effect to the case of stereoscopic sculptural work.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Druckgasbhälter (1) aus Stahl zur Speicherung und Aufnahme von Gasen, bei dem zur Vermeidung von Verunreinigungen und/oder einer Beeinträchtigung der Gemischkonstanz der Gase der Behälter aus einem Stahl besonderer Zusammensetzung besteht und der Boden (2), der Mantel (3) und das Kopfteil (4) des Behälters in besonderer Weise ausgebildet sind. <IMAGE>
EP88730233A 1987-10-26 1988-10-25 Druckbehälter zur Speicherung von Gasen hoher Reinheit Expired - Lifetime EP0314609B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88730233T ATE89904T1 (de) 1987-10-26 1988-10-25 Druckbehaelter zur speicherung von gasen hoher reinheit.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3736579A DE3736579C3 (de) 1987-10-26 1987-10-26 Druckbehälter zur Speicherung von Gasen hoher Reinheit
DE3736579 1987-10-26

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EP0314609A2 true EP0314609A2 (de) 1989-05-03
EP0314609A3 EP0314609A3 (en) 1989-11-29
EP0314609B1 EP0314609B1 (de) 1993-05-26

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EP88730233A Expired - Lifetime EP0314609B1 (de) 1987-10-26 1988-10-25 Druckbehälter zur Speicherung von Gasen hoher Reinheit

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US (1) US4884708A (de)
EP (1) EP0314609B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE89904T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3736579C3 (de)
ES (1) ES2041333T3 (de)

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EP0370986A2 (de) * 1988-11-24 1990-05-30 Sandvik Aktiebolag Kupplung für Gasbehälter
CZ305422B6 (cs) * 1999-05-26 2015-09-16 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg. Kontejner pro hnacím činidlem poháněné, dávkované aerosoly, nádoba pro tento kontejner, jeho použití a způsob výroby nádoby nebo kontejneru

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EP0370986A2 (de) * 1988-11-24 1990-05-30 Sandvik Aktiebolag Kupplung für Gasbehälter
EP0370986A3 (en) * 1988-11-24 1990-12-27 Sandvik Aktiebolag Coupling for gas container, container and method of making the container
US5082243A (en) * 1988-11-24 1992-01-21 Sandvik Ab Gas container, a coupling for a gas container, and a method of making a gas container
CZ305422B6 (cs) * 1999-05-26 2015-09-16 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kg. Kontejner pro hnacím činidlem poháněné, dávkované aerosoly, nádoba pro tento kontejner, jeho použití a způsob výroby nádoby nebo kontejneru

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4884708A (en) 1989-12-05
DE3736579A1 (de) 1989-05-03
ATE89904T1 (de) 1993-06-15
EP0314609A3 (en) 1989-11-29
DE3736579C2 (de) 1991-05-23
ES2041333T3 (es) 1993-11-16
EP0314609B1 (de) 1993-05-26
DE3736579C3 (de) 1996-10-17

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