EP0313985B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un arbre à cames - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un arbre à cames Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0313985B1
EP0313985B1 EP88117466A EP88117466A EP0313985B1 EP 0313985 B1 EP0313985 B1 EP 0313985B1 EP 88117466 A EP88117466 A EP 88117466A EP 88117466 A EP88117466 A EP 88117466A EP 0313985 B1 EP0313985 B1 EP 0313985B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blank
camshaft
shape
cams
cam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88117466A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0313985A3 (en
EP0313985A2 (fr
Inventor
Hans A. Dipl.-Ing. Härle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
Original Assignee
Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH filed Critical Schwaebische Huettenwerke Automotive GmbH
Priority to AT88117466T priority Critical patent/ATE86897T1/de
Publication of EP0313985A2 publication Critical patent/EP0313985A2/fr
Publication of EP0313985A3 publication Critical patent/EP0313985A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0313985B1 publication Critical patent/EP0313985B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/08—Making machine elements axles or shafts crankshafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/063—Making machine elements axles or shafts hollow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S72/00—Metal deforming
    • Y10S72/713—Method of making vehicle power transmitting shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/17—Crankshaft making apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49286—Crankshaft making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49288—Connecting rod making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49293—Camshaft making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21—Elements
    • Y10T74/2101—Cams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a camshaft from a blank, which has a cam shape, and a camshaft produced thereafter, wherein in the blank by rotary hammers or round kneading by tool segments, which at least partially surround the blank and exert the radial compressive forces thereon change the shape and cross section of the blank, the shape of the camshaft is molded with the cams and the bearings.
  • Camshafts are generally made from a workpiece together with the bearings and the cams arranged on a base body, e.g. by casting or forging. This production is followed by a relatively time-consuming and costly processing. The camshaft must be ground, the cams hardened and the camshaft must be balanced at the end. In addition to the high expenditure, it is also disadvantageous that a camshaft of this type consists of full material and is therefore relatively heavy. However, the automotive industry is increasingly demanding lighter camshafts.
  • DE-OS 35 28 464 describes a method for producing a camshaft, wherein a tube with an outer circumference equal to or greater than that of the bearing sections and / or the cams is used and is formed by round hammers.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, with which the problems mentioned above do not occur, especially after the camshafts of great strength and high dimensional accuracy with little effort can be produced.
  • this object is achieved in that the blank in cam form is brought into an at least approximately circular shape in a first step in the area of the bearing points of the camshaft by preforming by forging or hammering, and that in a second step both in the area of the bearing points and in the other areas of the camshaft by hammering and kneading by tool elements that at least partially surround the blank and exert the radial compressive forces on it and thereby change its shape and cross-section, the shape of the camshaft with the cams and the bearing points is molded.
  • One of the essential features of the invention now consists in that the preforming can then be used to carry out a much more uniform kneading or round hammering in the area of the bearing points.
  • the hammer tools can attack practically over the entire circumference, so that there are no deflections or one-sided loading. It is essential that the preforming from the blank in the area of the bearing points at least approximately achieves a circular cross section.
  • This preforming can be carried out in any manner, the preforming generally being carried out to facilitate and improve the deformation in the warm state.
  • the preforming so that the diameter obtained is slightly larger than the final diameter of the bearings.
  • the final diameter of the bearing points is then produced very precisely during the subsequent round hammering or round kneading.
  • the cams are made exactly to size, the displaced material being included either in the wall thickness or in the length of the camshaft, and a combination is also possible.
  • the blank in the form of a cam can be made from a tube, which is converted into the shape of a cam by pressing.
  • a blank with an outer diameter that is somewhat larger than the largest diameter or cross section of the finished camshaft will be used. This applies in particular to the cam area.
  • the diameter ratios and the shaping forces are coordinated with one another in such a way that, in addition to a hollow tube with hollow bearing points, the cams remain at least partially hollow inside.
  • the cams will be kneaded all in one plane or in an alignment during the round kneading, after which the camshaft is then subjected to a twisting process in a third step in order to turn the cams into the desired positions.
  • camshaft produced according to the invention has less effects with regard to mass imbalance.
  • the camshaft is relatively stiff and torsion-resistant. It has been found that in the areas that are particularly important or particularly stressed, material reinforcement is achieved by kneading or hammering.
  • Another great advantage of the round kneading according to the invention is that it is easier to adapt the shape of the camshaft to the requirements placed on it.
  • the sides of the cams can be provided with better transitions to the camshaft.
  • the method according to the invention did not intervene in the fiber course.
  • a blank in the form of a cam serves as the starting material.
  • the blank in this form can e.g. be made from a tube with a circular cross-section, e.g. has been converted into the cam shape by pressing. Both a seamless and a welded tube can be used as the tube.
  • a blank which has been produced in any manner and which has a cam shape right from the start can be used as the tube.
  • the blank is now pre-shaped in the form of a cam at the points at which the bearing points of the camshaft are arranged or into which they are to be molded. Possibly. due to only partial heating in this area, the cam shape is converted into a circular diameter shape at the bearing points by two-part drop hammers. This deformation can also be achieved by hot forging.
  • the hammer stroke required for the forming of the workpiece 9 results from an elevation on a rolling path 5 of the hammer plunger 4.
  • a roller cage 6 is freely rotatable between the hammer shaft 1 and an outer retaining ring 8.
  • Pressure rollers 7 are mounted in receiving holes in the roller cage 6.
  • the hammer plungers 4 roll with their rolling path 5 on the pressure rollers 7 and thus transmit a relative movement to the roller cage 6 in the same direction of rotation, but correspondingly slower than the hammer shaft itself.
  • a pressure pulse radially inwards which is transmitted as a forming force to the hammer tools 2 and thus to the workpiece.
  • the retaining ring 8 can rotate, the hammer shaft 1 either standing still or being driven at the same speed or in opposite directions at a slow speed.
  • the type and design of the tool depend on the application and the type of workpiece to be machined, which in the present case is a camshaft.
  • FIG. 2 shows the preformed blank, in the interior of which a mandrel 10 can be arranged if required.
  • the workpiece is inserted between the hammer tools 2 in the axial direction.
  • FIG. 3 a side view of a camshaft (partially) shown.
  • the cam shape is formed in the region of the bearing points 13 in a first step, namely up to to a diameter that is slightly larger than the final diameter of the bearing points.
  • the enlarged diameter is shown by the dashed lines 14 and 15.
  • the solid lines of the camshaft represent the end diameter or end cross-sections. If the blank 9 in the shape of a cam has a slightly larger diameter than the largest diameter or cross-section of the finished camshaft, the two dashed lines 11 and 12 are possibly somewhat outside the cams 16, which in this case are kneaded to the final diameter in the solid line.
  • a preforming in the specified sense can optionally also be carried out for parts of the camshaft which are located between bearing points 13 and cams 16 and which should likewise have a round cross section in the final state.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un arbre à cames à partir d'une ébauche (9) qui présente une forme de came, dans lequel la configuration de l'arbre à cames, avec les cames (16) et les zones de paliers (13), est formée sur l'ébauche (9) par martelage en rond et pétrissage en rond au moyen de segments d'outils qui entourent au moins partiellement l'ébauche (9) et qui exercent sur elle des forces radiales de compression et modifient ainsi la forme et la section transversale de l'ébauche (9), caractérisé en ce que, dans une première étape, l'ébauche (9) en forme de came est mise à une forme au moins approximativement circulaire dans les zones de paliers (13) de l'arbre à cames au moyen d'un préformage par forgeage ou martelage, et en ce qu'ensuite, dans une deuxième étape, la configuration de l'arbre à cames, avec les cames (16) et les zones de paliers (13), est formée aussi bien dans les zones de paliers (13) que dans les autres zones de l'arbre à cames par le martelage et pétrissage en rond au moyen d'éléments d'outils qui entourent au moins partiellement l'ébauche et qui exercent sur elle des forces radiales de compression et modifient ainsi sa forme et sa section transversale.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'ébauche (9) est faite d'un tube qui a été transformé pour présenter une forme de came.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la transformation à la forme de came est effectuée par pressage.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le préformage est effectué à chaud.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre obtenu par le préformage est plus grand que le diamètre final des zones de paliers (13).
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5. caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise une ébauche (9) ayant un diamètre extérieur un peu plus grand que le diamètre maximal ou la section maximale de l'arbre à cames fini.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les rapports de diamètres et les forces de formage sont accordés mutuellement de telle manière qu'en plus d'un tube creux formant des zones de paliers creuses (13), les cames (16) restent aussi au moins partiellement creuses à l'intérieur.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que, dans une troisième étape, l'arbre à cames est soumis à une opération de torsion pour faire tourner les cames (16) jusqu'aux positions voulues.
EP88117466A 1987-10-28 1988-10-20 Procédé de fabrication d'un arbre à cames Expired - Lifetime EP0313985B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88117466T ATE86897T1 (de) 1987-10-28 1988-10-20 Verfahren zur herstellung einer nockenwelle.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3736453 1987-10-28
DE19873736453 DE3736453A1 (de) 1987-10-28 1987-10-28 Verfahren zur herstellung einer nockenwelle

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0313985A2 EP0313985A2 (fr) 1989-05-03
EP0313985A3 EP0313985A3 (en) 1990-08-16
EP0313985B1 true EP0313985B1 (fr) 1993-03-17

Family

ID=6339232

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88117466A Expired - Lifetime EP0313985B1 (fr) 1987-10-28 1988-10-20 Procédé de fabrication d'un arbre à cames

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5040294A (fr)
EP (1) EP0313985B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01148434A (fr)
KR (1) KR890006320A (fr)
AT (1) ATE86897T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3736453A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2039552T3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105710273A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2016-06-29 上海理工大学 轿车等速万向传动轴旋锻周向进给工艺参数确定方法
CN107442725A (zh) * 2017-09-11 2017-12-08 上海理工大学 无芯棒旋锻内外圆度质量和避免旋锻折叠的控制方法

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5187866A (en) * 1991-09-03 1993-02-23 Copperweld Corporation Method of making a cam shaft
DE4427201C2 (de) * 1993-11-26 1996-09-12 Ges Innenhochdruckverfahren Verfahren zur Herstellung von hohlen Nockenwellen
DE4406754C2 (de) * 1994-03-02 1998-11-19 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Mehrfachnocken
JP4075478B2 (ja) * 2002-06-13 2008-04-16 日産自動車株式会社 エンジン用組立式カムシャフトおよびその製造方法
DE10236281A1 (de) * 2002-08-08 2004-02-19 Ina-Schaeffler Kg Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Spindelmutter eines Kugelgewindetriebes
DE102004021014A1 (de) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-24 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Befestigungsanordnung an einem Umschlingungsgetriebe und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
JP4638189B2 (ja) * 2004-08-20 2011-02-23 有限会社トップラントエンジ スウェージングマシン
CN100563917C (zh) * 2006-01-27 2009-12-02 云南冶金集团总公司技术中心 低塑性有色金属异型线材成型工艺及设备
CN100486759C (zh) * 2006-01-27 2009-05-13 云南冶金集团总公司技术中心 低塑性有色金属圆线成型加工工艺及设备
DE102009021003A1 (de) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 Centrotherm Sitec Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung flüssigen Siliziums
EP2745951B1 (fr) * 2012-12-20 2014-11-19 C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni Procédé pour produire un arbre à cames pour un moteur à combustion interne
JP6400319B2 (ja) * 2014-03-31 2018-10-03 ダイハツ工業株式会社 内燃機関の動弁機構用のカム

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US2472261A (en) * 1944-08-10 1949-06-07 Cleveland Welding Co Crankshaft and method of making same
GB651860A (en) * 1946-12-27 1951-04-11 Cie Forges Et Acieries Marine Hollow crankshafts or similar work-pieces and method for their manufacture
US2653373A (en) * 1947-12-27 1953-09-29 Charles A Brauchler Collapsible die for forging crankshafts
US2892254A (en) * 1953-06-08 1959-06-30 American Radiator & Standard Method of making cam shafts
GB1115093A (en) * 1965-12-30 1968-05-22 G K N Screws And Fasteners Ltd Improvements in or relating to cam shafts
AT353073B (de) * 1978-04-18 1979-10-25 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Verfahren zum bearbeiten von kurbelwellen
US4416130A (en) * 1981-03-20 1983-11-22 Industrial Metal Products Corporation Pulsing impact straightener
DE3205584C2 (de) * 1982-02-17 1985-06-13 Gebrüder Felss, 7535 Königsbach-Stein Rundhämmermaschine
JPH0683862B2 (ja) * 1984-01-20 1994-10-26 日本ピストンリング株式会社 中空カムシヤフトの製造方法
DE3528464A1 (de) * 1985-08-08 1987-02-19 Audi Ag Verfahren zum herstellen einer nockenwelle
US4763503A (en) * 1985-12-31 1988-08-16 Hughes Robert W Apparatus for making a cam shaft
DE3631607A1 (de) * 1986-09-17 1988-04-07 Schwaebische Huettenwerke Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung einer nockenwelle

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105710273A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2016-06-29 上海理工大学 轿车等速万向传动轴旋锻周向进给工艺参数确定方法
CN107442725A (zh) * 2017-09-11 2017-12-08 上海理工大学 无芯棒旋锻内外圆度质量和避免旋锻折叠的控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0313985A3 (en) 1990-08-16
EP0313985A2 (fr) 1989-05-03
ES2039552T3 (es) 1993-10-01
JPH01148434A (ja) 1989-06-09
ATE86897T1 (de) 1993-04-15
US5040294A (en) 1991-08-20
DE3879371D1 (de) 1993-04-22
DE3736453A1 (de) 1989-05-11
KR890006320A (ko) 1989-06-13

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