EP0313771A1 - Beam type brake for decelerating railroad cars - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a beam type brake for braking railway wagons. A way is indicated in which the disruptive screeching noises during braking can be eliminated. <IMAGE>

Description

genus

The invention relates to a bar track brake for braking railway wagons, each with two bars lying on both sides of each rail of a track, or from two bars located on both sides of a rail, which have on their side facing the wagon wheel one or more elongated recesses for receiving at least one strip-shaped body (segment). have, which is interchangeably arranged in the recess in question, the segments having to be made permanently slidable with the aid of a lubricant on their side facing the wagon wheel.

State of the art

At flat stations, the train to be dismantled is pushed by a push-off locomotive over a drain mountain. Behind the drain mountain, the wagons running are braked at a distance using beam track brakes as valley brakes. The entry speed is about 6 to 8 m / s. Another brake relay is at the beginning of the direction tracks. Here the entry speed is about 4.5 m / s. The cars are braked to about 1.5 m / s.

But it is also known to lay the entry tracks on a slope, so that the train is initially held by parking brakes. If these parking brakes are released, the individual carriages start to move due to gravity. The process is regulated by bar track brakes in the inlet so that the inlet speed via the outlet hill corresponds approximately to the usual pulling speed of approximately 1.5 m / s. To simplify the use of language, these brakes are also referred to as "feed brakes".

Long-lasting screeching noises occur in particular with intake brakes during the braking process. The peak values are up to 117 dB (A).

Noise reduction has been achieved with so-called segmented bar brakes (ETR (27) 10-1978 pp. 667 - 670).

The segment brake beams consist of a continuously rolled brake carrier, on the braking surfaces of which individual steel segments are screwed over the entire length. These segments are approximately 400 mm long and can be isolated from the actual brake carrier with a 5 mm thick damping plate.

A bar track brake according to the preamble of claim 1 of this patent application is previously known from EP-PS 0 011 317, in which the segments are constructed in a sandwich-like manner and are formed from individual horizontally superimposed plates which are made of different materials. This "sandwich package" thus formed, as a segment, is connected to a brake carrier made of steel by several screws.

This segment brake beam wears out relatively quickly and only has a narrow area of application for supply brakes. If the running-in speed is over 2 m / s, such brake shoes cannot be used.

It is already proposed in EP-PS 0 011 317 to make the segments of the outer beams slidable with the aid of a lubricant, but this can only be done on a case-by-case basis. It has obviously been thought of brushing the segments with a lubricant, but this is labor-intensive and therefore costly.

task

The invention has for its object to improve a bar track brake according to the preamble of claim 1 to the effect that the unpleasant screeching and squeaking noises can practically no longer occur at all speeds occurring in practice.

solution

Starting from a bar track brake according to the preamble of claim 1 , this object is achieved by the characterizing features of this claim.

Some advantages

In the beam track brake according to the invention, a lubricant device is assigned to the segment in question, which, depending on consumption, delivers the lubricant to the braking surface facing the wagon wheel. This makes it possible to automatically lubricate the braking surfaces of the segments, so that the uncomfortable take circular and squeaking noises even at speeds below 2 m / s, z. B. at 1.5 m / s, can no longer occur.

When using a bar track brake according to the invention, it is therefore in your hand to lubricate the braking surfaces of the segments only when a braking process actually occurs. So you don't need lubricants from the outset, e.g. B. pastes or fats, thick to apply to the braking surfaces, in the hope that they would stay here for a longer period of time. In a bar track brake according to the invention, lubricant consumption only occurs when the lubricant is actually needed during the braking process. This also protects the environment, since oils and greases seep into the subsoil if the segments are lubricated in an uncontrolled manner and could damage the groundwater.

In the case of a bar track brake according to the invention, it is thus possible to "deposit" with lubricant in the bar track brake itself, lubricant being able to be gradually released from the lubricant depot to the braking surfaces of the segments.

A bar track brake according to the invention can thus reliably avoid the unpleasant squeaking and screeching noises when braking down railroad cars over all speed ranges that occur in practice.

Other inventive solutions

An advantageous embodiment is described in claim 2 . The chamber for receiving the lubricant can be formed in the brake carrier and / or in the segment in question, for example by corresponding cutouts and / or channels, which are connected to the outside to a suitable filling device or to a filling opening which can be closed.

In the embodiment according to claim 3 , a lubricant pump is actuated with each braking operation, which controls the required amount of lubricant to the braking surfaces. Such a lubricant pump can be arranged at a distance from the actual brake beam. However, it is also possible to design the segment itself or a part thereof as part of a lubricant pump, for example to actuate the pump by means of the braking force, so that the latter squeezes a corresponding amount of lubricant out onto the braking surfaces.

In the embodiment according to claim 4 , the lubricant depot is to be pressurized by a screw, which can be readjusted from time to time, so that the braking surfaces are relubricated for a long time.

Claim 5 describes an embodiment in which the brake segment is provided over its length with a plurality of lubricant chambers which are connected to the braking surfaces by suitable channels, grooves or grooves. The wagon wheel to be braked then distributes the lubricant over the entire length of the brake segment in question.

A particularly advantageous embodiment is described in claim 6 . In this, the lubricant depot is formed between the layers of the brake segment. The depot can be formed by cross and / or transverse grooves or grooves between the segment layers, from which the lubricant is squeezed out during the braking process, under the influence of the applied braking force, since the individual layers of the segment spring to a small extent under load can what is used for pumping action to squeeze out the lubricant.

According to claim 7 , a screen is arranged between one or more layers of the segment, which serves as a lubricant depot. The lubricant is squeezed out of this sieve-shaped intermediate layer body in a controlled manner during the braking process, which occurs due to the slight elastic movements of the individual layers of the segment.

The same applies to the embodiment according to claim 8 . One or more layers are provided with corrugation, which form a lubricant deposit. To some extent, these corrugations are elastically pretensioned by the screws, lubricant also being squeezed out to the braking surface during the braking process.

Claim 9 describes an embodiment in which the lubricant is released in a controlled manner during the braking process or in other cases to the braking surfaces via channels connected to a lubricating device.

Another embodiment is described in claim 10 . In this, a central lubrication device is provided, to which one or more bar track brakes are connected. If necessary, the central lubrication device delivers a predeterminable amount of lubricant to the braking surfaces of the segments in a controlled manner. The segments can be connected to this central lubricant device via hoses or Pipes are connected. The controller can e.g. B. done so that an incoming wagon triggers the control process. The lubrication of the bar track brakes is therefore frequency-dependent.

In the embodiment according to claim 11 , polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is introduced into the carrier material of the segments in the form of chips or chips. This can e.g. B. happen that individual or more bodies, for example layered bodies made of plastic, before the curing process, the PTFE in the form of chips or chips, which interlock and support each other, has been introduced. The bodies produced in this way are processed mechanically, whereupon the PTFE emerges from the surface. During the braking process, the PTFE is distributed over the entire braking surface and creates a permanent lubricant film that renews itself automatically when the segments wear out. The depot is thus formed by the PTFE chips or chips that are embedded in the carrier material.

In the embodiment according to claim 12 , galvanized sheets are used for the individual layers or parts of the segments. The zinc coating serves as a lubricant.

Another embodiment is shown in claim 13 . In contrast to EP-PS 0 011 317, the individual parts or layers of the segment are arranged upright, that is to say running vertically. In this way, relatively large areas are assigned to the braking surface. If a part or a layer of these flat bodies wears out, the next layer becomes apparent. PTFE in the form of chips or chips can also be embedded in these individual layers in the manner described above, which is distributed over the entire braking surface. However, it is also conceivable to provide lubricant deposits between the upright sheets or layers of the segments, which are connected to the braking surface via bores or channels and "pump" the lubricant to the outside during the braking process due to the elastic deformation.

In the embodiment according to claim 14 , the segment is formed from layers arranged crosswise to one another, which form the depot for lubricants. These layers can be held by a cage-like body which is exchangeably attached to the relevant segment by screws or the like.

• Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt durch eine Balkengleisbremse mit einem Segmentbremsbalken;
• Fig. 2 ein Deckblech, teils in der Seitenansicht, teils im Schnitt;
• Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht zu Fig. 2;
• Fig. 4 eine Zwischenlage, gleichfalls in der Drauf­sicht;
• Fig. 5 ein Segment in Ansichtrichtung des Pfeiles X der Fig. 7;
• Fig. 6 einen Schnitt nach der Linie A - B der Fig. 7;
• Fig. 7 eine Draufsicht auf ein Segment gemäß Fig. 5 oder 6;
• Fig. 8 ein Segment mit mehreren Zwischenlagen und einem Deckblech, teils im Schnitt und teils in der Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles Y der Fig. 10;
• Fig. 9 einen Schnitt nach der Linie E - F der Fig. 10;
• Fig. 10 eine Seitenansicht zu Fig. 9
• Fig. 11 eine teilweise Draufsicht auf ein Bremssegment, teils abgebrochen dargestellt;
• Fig. 12 einen Bremsbalken, teils in der Seitenansicht, teils im Schnitt mit einer Schmiermitteldepot­kammer;
• Fig. 13 eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung, und zwar mit einer Schmiermittelpumpe;
• Fig. 14 abermals eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung, teils in der Ansicht, teils heraus­gebrochen dargestellt;
• Fig. 15 eine weitere Ausführungsform mit einem sieb­artigem Körper;
• Fig. 16 eine Ausführungsform mit Riefelungen und/oder Ausstanzungen;
• Fig. 17 eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung in schematischer Draufsicht und
• Fig. 18 eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

In the drawing, the invention is illustrated - partly schematically - using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

• 1 shows a cross section through a bar track brake with a segment brake bar.
• Figure 2 is a cover plate, partly in side view, partly in section.
• Fig. 3 is a plan view of Fig. 2;
• 4 shows an intermediate layer, likewise in a top view;
• 5 shows a segment in the direction of the arrow X in FIG. 7;
• Fig. 6 is a section along the line A - B of Fig. 7;
• FIG. 7 shows a plan view of a segment according to FIG. 5 or 6;
• 8 shows a segment with several intermediate layers and a cover plate, partly in section and partly in the view in the direction of arrow Y in FIG. 10;
• Fig. 9 is a section along the line E - F of Fig. 10;
• 10 is a side view of FIG. 9
• 11 shows a partial top view of a brake segment, partly broken away;
• 12 shows a brake beam, partly in a side view, partly in section with a lubricant depot chamber;
• 13 shows a further embodiment of the invention, specifically with a lubricant pump;
• 14 again shows a further embodiment of the invention, partly in view, partly broken away;
• 15 shows a further embodiment with a sieve-like body;
• 16 shows an embodiment with corrugations and / or punched-outs;
• Fig. 17 shows a further embodiment of the invention in a schematic plan view and
• 18 shows a further embodiment of the invention.

The reference numeral 1 denotes a beam support, to which a plurality of strip-shaped segments 2 are assigned in its longitudinal direction, which are connected to the beam support 1 by screws. Only one of these screws can be seen in FIG. 1 and has been designated with the reference number 3. In the longitudinal direction of the beam support 1, several such segments 2 are arranged one behind the other in alignment and are supported by a plate-shaped damping element 4 against the beam support 1. The damping element 4 is intended to dampen vibrations and can be made of plastic or another metallic material than the beam support 1 and the segments 2, both of which are forged or rolled from steel.

Each segment 2 has a recess 5 which is approximately square or rectangular in cross section on its upper side. In this recess 5, a plurality of sheet-like or sheet-like bodies are arranged, specifically an upper cover sheet 6 and a plurality of sheet-shaped items of equal size located below it Intermediate layers 7. From FIGS. 8 and 9 it can be seen that nine intermediate layers 7 are provided in these embodiments. The number of intermediate layers 7 can be greater or less than nine. The thickness of the intermediate layers 7 is considerably smaller than the thickness of the cover plate 6 and can only be about 1/10 to 1/5 of the cover plate 6. Both the cover plate 6 and the intermediate layers 7 are made of steel in the illustrated embodiments, but can also be made of other materials or of different materials, for example aluminum, copper or plastic.

The entire package of cover plate 6 and intermediate layers 7 thus formed is held by a plurality of screws 8 (FIG. 8) which are screwed into threaded through bores 9. For this purpose, the cover plate 6 has depressions 10, in which the screw heads are each arranged flush with the upper edge 11 of the segments 2.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, a lubricating layer 12 is formed as a depot between the intermediate layers 7. The lubricant oozes out of this depot to the braking surface 13 when a wagon wheel is braked, thereby preventing the unpleasant and unhealthy squeaking and screeching over all speed ranges of the railroad cars.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the beam carrier 1 is assigned a depot chamber 14 for the lubricant, which is connected to the spaces between the intermediate layers 7 via a channel 15 and an extension 16. A filling channel 17 is connected to the depot chamber 14, in which a screw 18 is adjustably arranged in order to press the lubricant to the braking surface 13.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 13, a lubricant pump 19 is provided, which is connected via a line 20 and a connection fitting 21 to a channel 22, which optionally opens into a depot chamber 14, which in turn extends via the extension 16 to the spaces between the intermediate layers 7 is connected, thereby promoting lubricant to the braking surface 13.

The lubricant pump 19 can also be connected to a plurality of depot chambers, which delivers lubricant to various braking surfaces, for example to a number of further bar track brakes, via a plurality of lines (not shown). It is also possible to connect a plurality of pumps 19 in parallel, which deliver the lubricant to the different braking surfaces 13.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 14, the intermediate layer 7 is assigned a plurality of depots 23 in the form of a lattice-like structure in which the lubricant is located. This can be a sieve-like or otherwise designed sheet with which the lubricant is assigned.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 15, a sieve-like body 24 is provided for storing the lubricant, while in the embodiment according to FIG. 16 one or more intermediate layers are provided with corrugations 25 which also serve as depots for the lubricant. All the depots, corrugations and sieve-like formations are connected to the spaces between the intermediate layers 7 and thus to the braking surface 13, so that lubricant can reach the braking surface 13 from here.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 17, a pump 26 is assigned a plurality - in the present case three - beam track brakes 27, 28 and 29, the depot chambers of which are directed to the relevant ones via lines 30, 31 and 32 and branch lines 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 Lubricant chambers or depots and thus also connected to the braking surfaces 13 (not shown). The pump 26 can be controlled according to a certain program or depending on the braking frequency of the wagons and then deliver suitable lubricant to the braking surfaces l3 so that they remain lubricated permanently.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 18, the lubricant - similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 12 - is distributed from a depot chamber 14, not shown there, via a channel 15 to a depot 40, from where the lubricant is via the intermediate layers 7 and their Gaps distributed to the braking surface 13.

The features described in the abstract, in the patent claims and in the description and apparent from the drawing can be essential for realizing the invention both individually and in any combination.

bibliography

• EP-PS 0 011 317
• ETR (27) 10-1978, pp. 667-670
• U.S. Patent 40 88 078
• EP-PS 00 27 983
• U.S. Patent 40 03 451

Claims (14)

1.Bar track brake for braking railway wagons, each with two bars on either side of each rail of a track, or from two bars on both sides of a rail, which have one or more elongated recesses on their side facing the wagon wheel for receiving at least one strip-shaped body (segment), which is arranged interchangeably in the recess in question, the segments being made slidable with the aid of a lubricant, if necessary on their side facing the wagon wheel, characterized in that the segment (2) is assigned a lubricating device which, depending on consumption, lubricants to the Gives wagon wheel facing braking surface (13). 2. Bar track brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the bar track brake, in particular the segment (2), is assigned at least one depot chamber which can be filled with lubricant and which is connected to the braking surface (13) by at least one channel. 3. bar track brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubricating device is assigned at least one lubricant pump which only supplies lubricant to the braking surface (13) during the braking process, or that the lubricant pump can be actuated and controlled by the braking forces occurring during the braking process. 4. bar track brake according to claim 1, characterized in that a filler channel is provided in the depot lubricant chamber, in which a screw is adjustably arranged, which acts on the lubricant. 5. bar track brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the segment (2) is provided over its length with a plurality of depot lubricant chambers, which are connected to one another and / or to the braking surface (13) by channels. 6. bar track brake according to claim 1, wherein at least one recess is arranged in a segment on the side facing the wagon wheel, in which a cover plate and a plurality of intermediate layers are interchangeable and interchangeable and z. B. are held by screws on the segment, characterized in that there is a lubricant deposit or several lubricant deposits between the intermediate layers (7) and / or between the cover plate (6) and one or more intermediate layers (7). 7. bar track brake according to claim 6, characterized in that between the intermediate layers (6) and / or the cover plate (7) a sieve-shaped body is arranged, the cavities of which form the lubricant deposits, which via the intermediate layers (7) and / or the cover plate ( 6) are connected to the braking surfaces (13). 8. bar track brake according to claim 6, characterized in that one or more of the intermediate layers (7) are provided with corrugations and / or punched out, which are formed from their surface outwards to form lubricant deposits and that these lubricant deposits to the braking surface (13th ) are connected. 9. bar track brake according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the braking surfaces (13) are connected to a central lubricant reservoir. 10. Bar track brake according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that all braking surfaces (13) can be lubricated with lubricant from a centrally arranged lubricating device as a function of the braking frequency. 11. bar track brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover plate (6) and / or the intermediate layers (7) are provided with PTFE in the form of chips or chips in a support body, in particular made of plastic, over the entire cross section of the relevant Cover plates (6) and / or the intermediate layer (7) are arranged. 12. Bar track brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover plate (6) and / or the intermediate layers (7) are galvanized. 13. Bar track brake according to claim 6 or one of the following, characterized in that the cover plate (6) and / or the intermediate layers (7) are arranged in a sandwich-like manner in the vertical direction and that between the cover plate (6) and / or the intermediate layers ( 7) there is at least one lubricant deposit which is connected to the braking surfaces (13). 14. Beam track brake according to claim 6 or one of the following, characterized in that the intermediate layers (7) are arranged in a crosswise manner and that between the intersecting intermediate layers (7) there is at least one lubricant depot chamber which is connected to the braking surfaces (13).

Images