EP0311134B1 - Matériau pour contacts électriques constitué par de l'argent et du graphite, fabriqué par la métallurgie des poudres procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Matériau pour contacts électriques constitué par de l'argent et du graphite, fabriqué par la métallurgie des poudres procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0311134B1
EP0311134B1 EP88116746A EP88116746A EP0311134B1 EP 0311134 B1 EP0311134 B1 EP 0311134B1 EP 88116746 A EP88116746 A EP 88116746A EP 88116746 A EP88116746 A EP 88116746A EP 0311134 B1 EP0311134 B1 EP 0311134B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver
powder
material according
graphite
copper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88116746A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0311134A1 (fr
Inventor
Roland Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Michal
Karl E. Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Saeger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doduco Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter filed Critical Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter
Priority to AT88116746T priority Critical patent/ATE77657T1/de
Publication of EP0311134A1 publication Critical patent/EP0311134A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0311134B1 publication Critical patent/EP0311134B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/30—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with decomposition of metal compounds, e.g. by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a powder-metallurgically produced material for electrical contacts made of silver with 2 to 7% by weight of graphite and with an additive which increases the strength of the material.
  • Composite materials made of silver with 2 to 7% by weight of graphite are used for electrical contacts in circuit breakers and in circuit breakers.
  • contact pieces made of silver graphite combine a low tendency to weld silver graphite against copper or against silver-plated copper with the opposite contact piece in the contact material pairing that is usually used, with a low contact resistance after an arc effect on the contacting surface.
  • contact pieces made of silver graphite are subject to a relatively high erosion. The result is that with increasing switching numbers, the switching chamber in which the contact pieces are accommodated is metallized by silver, which evaporates under the influence of an arc, and sooty by released graphite. This reduces the dielectric strength of the switching chamber.
  • Another proposal is to manufacture contact pieces from a silver-copper-graphite fiber composite material by filling graphite powder into a double-jacket tube, the inner wall of which is made of copper and the outer wall of which is silver; the double-walled tube is closed and extruded into a thinner rod, which is then cut into shorter pieces, which are put into a silver tube, which is closed at the ends and then reshaped by extrusion.
  • a contact material with a fine fiber structure is obtained (K. Müller and D. Stöckel "THE IRE PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SILVERBASED COMPOSITE CONTACT MATERIALS" Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Electric Contact Phenomena, Chicago, 1984, pp.
  • contact materials made of 45% silver, 50% tungsten and 5% graphite as well as made of 88% silver, 10% nickel and 2% graphite are known, which lie at the edge of the composition range claimed below and by mixing of powders of their components, pressing, sintering and re-pressing of contact pieces.
  • the present invention is based on the object of making available a material for electrical contacts made of silver with graphite and an additive which increases the strength of the material, in which low contact resistance, low tendency to weld and low erosion (high Service life) in a similar advantageous manner as in the known silver-copper-graphite fiber composite material; however, the new contact material is said to be more economical to produce than the known fiber composite material.
  • the material should contain at least 0.5% by weight of a base metal in order to be able to bring about an appreciable increase in strength. However, the material should not contain more than 50% by weight of one or more base metals, since otherwise the contact resistance will increase too much, in particular due to the formation of base metal oxides.
  • Particularly suitable base metals are one or more of the metals from the group of copper, nickel, iron, manganese, zinc, tungsten and molybdenum, copper being particularly preferred and the proportion of the base metal in the material preferably being 10 to 25% by weight.
  • base metals those which do not form an alloy with silver or, at best, a precipitation alloy at low temperature, and thereby cause the material to harden.
  • base metals those which have the highest possible electrical conductivity.
  • copper proves to be an optimal base metal additive, whereby a part of the copper, preferably only a portion of 2 to 3% by weight of the material, may be present as copper oxide (CuO), thereby ensuring that the contact pieces are not welded is increased. Because of the simultaneous considerable copper content, there is no need to set the copper oxide content as high as that of the prior art silver-copper oxide-graphite contact materials, so that its disadvantages do not apply to a contact material according to the invention with a low copper oxide content.
  • the materials according to the invention can be produced, at least in principle, like conventional silver-graphite materials by powder metallurgy by pressing powder mixtures, sintering and post-compression, if very fine-grained (average particle size smaller than approx. 0.5 ⁇ m) silver powder, copper powder and graphite powder are mixed with one another , pressed to shaped bodies, sintered and post-compressed, the compression should be so strong that the pore volume of the material is not more than 2%.
  • a particularly advantageous method for producing the material according to the invention is the subject of claim 13.
  • Advantageous further developments of this method are specified in the further subclaims.
  • a silver powder, a base metal powder and a graphite powder are not mixed with one another and pressed to form shaped bodies, but instead a powder of a precipitation alloy made of silver is produced with the base metal and this is mixed with graphite powder; molded bodies are then pressed, sintered and post-compressed therefrom, the compression being so strong that the pore volume is less than 2%.
  • a particularly suitable method for obtaining such an alloy powder is spray pyrolysis (US-A-3 510 291, EP-0012 202 A1, DE-29 29 630 C2).
  • a solution which contains a silver salt and one or more base metal salts in solution is sprayed into a hot reaction vessel.
  • the salts are decomposed therein and the solvent evaporated, and an extraordinarily fine-grained alloy powder precipitates, which is particularly suitable for the production of the material according to the invention.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Matériau pour contacts électriques constitué par de l'argent avec 2 à 7 % en poids de graphite et avec un additif de métal commun augmentant la solidité du matériau, fabriqué par la métallurgie des poudres, caractérisé en ce que l'additif se compose de 0,5 à 50 % en poids d'un ou de plusieurs métaux communs qui se présentent sous la forme de particules d'une grandeur maximale de 5 · 10⁻¹⁰ mm³ réparties uniformément dans le matériau.
  2. Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les particules de métal commun présentent des dimensions inférieures à 0,5 · 10⁻¹⁰ mm³.
  3. Matériau selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'argent aussi se présente sous la forme de particules d'une grandeur maximale de 5 · 10-¹⁰ mm³, de préférence d'une grandeur maximale de 0,5 · 10⁻¹⁰ mm³.
  4. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la proportion de métal commun est de 10 à 25 % en poids.
  5. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on choisit comme métaux communs l'un ou plusieurs des métaux du groupe cuivre, nickel, fer, manganèse, zinc, tungstène et molybdène.
  6. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le point de fusion des métaux communs sélectionnés est supérieur à celui de l'argent.
  7. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les métaux communs sélectionnés présentent à 20°C une conductibilité électrique d'au moins 10 mΩ⁻¹ mm⁻².
  8. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, à 20°C, les métaux communs sélectionnés ne forment pas d'alliages avec l'argent ou tout au plus un alliage de précipitation.
  9. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le cuivre est sélectionné comme métal commun.
  10. Matériau selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie du cuivre se présente sous la forme d'oxyde de cuivre (CuO).
  11. Matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que son volume poreux est inférieur à 2 %.
  12. Procédé pour l'élaboration d'un matériau selon l'une des revendications précédentes par la préparation d'un mélange de poudres, la compression du mélange de poudres en corps moulés, le frittage et la densification postérieure des corps moulés, caractérisé en ce que, pour la préparation du mélange de poudres, une poudre est réalisée à partir d'un alliage de précipitation d'argent avec le métal commun et que cette poudre d'alliage est mélangée avec de la poudre de graphite.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés sont obtenus par compression isostatique à froid.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que la densification des corps moulés se fait par extrusion.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 12 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la poudre d'alliage est obtenue par un procédé réactif par pulvérisation, c'est-à-dire par pulvérisation simultanée d'une solution contenant un sel d'argent et un ou plusieurs sels de métaux communs dans un réacteur chaud.
EP88116746A 1987-10-09 1988-10-10 Matériau pour contacts électriques constitué par de l'argent et du graphite, fabriqué par la métallurgie des poudres procédé pour sa fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0311134B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88116746T ATE77657T1 (de) 1987-10-09 1988-10-10 Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellter werkstoff fuer elektrische kontakte aus silber mit graphit und verfahren zu seiner herstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873734178 DE3734178A1 (de) 1987-10-09 1987-10-09 Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellter werkstoff fuer elektrische kontakte aus silber mit graphit und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE3734178 1987-10-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0311134A1 EP0311134A1 (fr) 1989-04-12
EP0311134B1 true EP0311134B1 (fr) 1992-06-24

Family

ID=6337969

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88116746A Expired - Lifetime EP0311134B1 (fr) 1987-10-09 1988-10-10 Matériau pour contacts électriques constitué par de l'argent et du graphite, fabriqué par la métallurgie des poudres procédé pour sa fabrication

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0311134B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE77657T1 (fr)
DD (1) DD275421A5 (fr)
DE (2) DE3734178A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3806573A1 (de) * 1988-03-01 1989-09-14 Siemens Ag Kontaktpaar
DE10318890B4 (de) 2003-04-17 2014-05-08 Ami Doduco Gmbh Elektrische Steckkontakte und ein Halbzeug für deren Herstellung
CN105648261B (zh) * 2016-02-01 2018-02-16 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 用于高压大电流的银基换向器材料及制备方法和用途

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH301201A (de) * 1944-11-14 1954-08-31 Licentia Gmbh Kontaktmaterial für häufig betätigte Kontakte.
GB1059872A (en) * 1963-06-04 1967-02-22 Mitsuo Iwauchi Method for manufacturing electrical material
DE2141409A1 (de) * 1971-08-18 1973-03-01 Ts Ni Awtomobil Nij I Awtomoto Metallkeramischer stoff fuer elektrische kontakte und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE2929630C2 (de) * 1979-07-21 1983-12-15 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Silberpulver
US4699763A (en) * 1986-06-25 1987-10-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit breaker contact containing silver and graphite fibers

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
METAL HANDBOOK, Ninth Edition, Vol. 3, Dezember 1980, Metals Park, Ohio - W.H. Cubberly et al. "Electric-Contact Materials" Seiten 662, 672-681 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE77657T1 (de) 1992-07-15
EP0311134A1 (fr) 1989-04-12
DD275421A5 (de) 1990-01-24
DE3734178A1 (de) 1989-04-20
DE3872338D1 (de) 1992-07-30

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