EP0309852A1 - Procédé et appareil de contrôle du vide dans un interrupteur à vide - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de contrôle du vide dans un interrupteur à vide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0309852A1
EP0309852A1 EP88115334A EP88115334A EP0309852A1 EP 0309852 A1 EP0309852 A1 EP 0309852A1 EP 88115334 A EP88115334 A EP 88115334A EP 88115334 A EP88115334 A EP 88115334A EP 0309852 A1 EP0309852 A1 EP 0309852A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vacuum
voltage
ray
contact
stroke
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88115334A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0309852B1 (fr
Inventor
Rüdiger Dr. Hess
Wolfgang Schilling
Wolfgang Dr. Schlenk
Wilfried Kuhl
Peter Dipl.-Ing. Trentin (Fh)
Heinz-Helmut Dr. Schramm
Leonhard Klug
Heribert Dipl.-Ing. Weber (Fh)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19873733107 external-priority patent/DE3733107A1/de
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0309852A1 publication Critical patent/EP0309852A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0309852B1 publication Critical patent/EP0309852B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/668—Means for obtaining or monitoring the vacuum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for vacuum detection in vacuum interrupters, high voltage being applied between the contacts for a given contact stroke.
  • the invention also relates to the associated device for carrying out the method with a high-voltage unit for generating a test voltage for the switching contacts of the vacuum interrupter opened with a defined contact stroke.
  • Vacuum interrupters are among others also used in SF6-insulated switchgear. For quality monitoring of the vacuum condition, vacuum interrupters are usually checked with a measuring device based on the magnetron measuring principle before delivery. Due to the modern manufacturing technology, a vacuum loss in the switching tube cannot normally occur even after a long time. Nevertheless, the requirement is raised to be able to check the internal pressure of a vacuum switch installed in the switchgear without removing the switch tube from the container.
  • the user can safely control the internal pressure by using mobile measuring devices, for example with measuring methods after the high voltage test or by using modified magnetron devices with permanent magnets.
  • mobile measuring devices for example with measuring methods after the high voltage test or by using modified magnetron devices with permanent magnets.
  • Such methods and measuring devices for vacuum interrupters installed in SF6-insulated switchgear are not applicable.
  • the SF6's good insulating ability would maintain the test voltage despite a possible leak on the switching tube at the nominal stroke and thus simulate a good vacuum. So it can with this The process cannot be safely differentiated between vacuum and SF6 filling, ie a leak in the switching tube.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a method and an associated device of the type mentioned at the outset with which it can be ascertained whether a functional operating vacuum is present in vacuum interrupters and which can be used with non-encapsulated and encapsulated interrupters.
  • the vacuum interrupter is assigned an X-ray detector, preferably a Geiger-Müller counter tube, which is connected to the high-voltage unit via an evaluation circuit, which is used to determine and display the operating vacuum or a leak and to minimize the X-ray dose the high-voltage unit switches off.
  • an X-ray detector preferably a Geiger-Müller counter tube
  • the invention can preferably be used in encapsulated vacuum interrupters, in particular in SF6-insulated switchgear, to determine whether, in particular, no insulating gas has leaked into the interior of the tube without the interrupters having to be removed from the SF6 container.
  • a modified high-voltage device is therefore used in combination with a for the vacuum control X-ray measuring device and a corresponding signal evaluation circuit used.
  • the X-ray radiation which is inevitably generated in a high-voltage test, in particular when the switching contact stroke is reduced compared to the nominal stroke, is used. On the other hand, no measurable X-ray radiation occurs at the nominal stroke.
  • the X-ray emission can be used for the measurement purposes, but is stopped long before the impermissible limit specified in the Radiation Protection Ordinance is reached.
  • the abscissa is the pressure of a vacuum interrupter in millibars and the ordinate is the dielectric strength as high voltage U in kilovolt DC.
  • the so-called Paschen curve which shows the value of the maximum voltage held when the switching contacts are open, results as a functional dependency.
  • the dielectric strength in vacuum is very high and is e.g. depending on the contact material for CuCr at 1 mm contact spacing approx. 80 kV.
  • the insulator creepage distance in air for electrical isolation limits a dielectric strength.
  • the dielectric strength drops sharply to the so-called Paschen minimum of a few 100 V.
  • the dielectric strength increases again to a few kV.
  • the Paschen curve 100 can thus be used to define the operating vacuum required for the function of a vacuum interrupter: It must be in the generally less than 10 ⁇ 2 mbar. In contrast, the exact value of the pressure below this size does not play a decisive role in the dielectric strength.
  • Vacuum switches usually have a nominal stroke between 10 and 20 mm. With this stroke, there is no measurable X-ray emission outside the vacuum interrupter. For test purposes, however, contact strokes below the nominal stroke are used in vacuum switches, in particular in the range between 1 and 8 mm, for example 3 mm. For this purpose, the contact stroke to this value can be specified on the external drive shaft of the switching device using a manually insertable spacer.
  • the contact material of the contact pieces is excited by field electron emission between the contact pieces for X-ray radiation, which can be measured outside the vacuum switch.
  • the vacuum breaks down which can be caused by a leak spontaneously or by slow flooding, no X-ray radiation occurs.
  • the X-ray radiation is detected, for example, in the circuit according to FIG. 2:
  • a vacuum switching tube 15, a Geiger-Müller counter tube 20 associated with it and a measuring device 21 connected to it are schematically indicated.
  • the flip-flop 46 likewise controls a display device consisting of signal amplifier 47 and signal lamp 48 and an AND gate 50, which is actuated via the switch-on device 45 and a measuring timer 49, which limits the measuring time to, for example, 30 s.
  • the contact stroke h is given as the abscissa in millimeters and the dielectric strength as the ordinate as high voltage U in kilovolts of effective alternating voltage.
  • the dielectric strength is in each case a monotonically increasing function of the contact stroke, in FIG. 3 a first functional dependency for vacuum as a parameter and 2 a second functional dependency with 1.5 bar SF6 as a parameter.
  • a complete control room is designated by 10 in FIG. In the present case, this consists of three panels, each with three SF6-encapsulated switches.
  • the containers for receiving the SF6 are designated 11.
  • a vacuum interrupter 15 the two contact pins 16 and 17 of which are electrically connected to the functional units of the switchgear assembly, which are not discussed in detail here.
  • the movable contact pin is mechanically connected via a linkage 18 to a drive, not shown in FIG. 2, which causes the switching contacts to open or close.
  • the linkage 18 is coupled to a drive shaft 12 via connecting elements which cannot be recognized.
  • the vacuum interrupter 15 is assigned a Geiger-Müller counter tube (GMZ) 20 outside the container 11.
  • the Geiger-Müller counter tube 20 is followed by a measuring device 21 which is coupled to a high-voltage unit 25 via a switch.
  • the high-voltage unit 25 is connected to the two contact bolts 16 and 17 when the contacts are open.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out with such an arrangement: the invention takes advantage of the phenomenon that when the contacts are open and the distance between the contacts is sufficiently short or the voltage is high enough due to field emission Electrons are generated, each of which excites the counter electrode (anode) to X-rays.
  • the entire switchgear 10 To test a vacuum interrupter for vacuum, the entire switchgear 10 must be disconnected from the mains and both contact bolts 16 and 17 must be available for the connection of the test device.
  • the electrical connections are only shown in principle in FIG. 2, in practice the contacting is carried out in the switch panel.
  • the spacer 19 is inserted between the cam 13 and the shock absorber 14, which acts on the switching drive 18 and thus limits the switch contact stroke to, for example, 3 mm.
  • the high voltage cable and the earth cable are connected to the two poles of the vacuum interrupter 15.
  • the counter tube of the Geiger-Müller counter 20 is located outside the SF6 container 11 at a distance of approximately 5 cm from the container wall at the level of the center of the switch contact gap.
  • SF6 has entered the vacuum interrupter 15 through a leak
  • the voltage is not maintained up to a certain SF6 pressure, for example of approximately 2 bar. A voltage breakdown occurs that can be registered. In this case, X-rays do not arise.
  • the voltage in the switching tube may also be maintained when a certain SF6 overpressure is reached.
  • a graph for example 2 bar SF6 would lie between curves 1 and 2. A distinction can thus be made even in the case of zero emission of the X-rays between a slight leak that has not yet completely led to the flooding and a complete SF6 flooding in which a test voltage is maintained despite the zero emission of X-rays.

Landscapes

  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
EP88115334A 1987-09-30 1988-09-19 Procédé et appareil de contrôle du vide dans un interrupteur à vide Expired - Lifetime EP0309852B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873733107 DE3733107A1 (de) 1987-09-30 1987-09-30 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vakuumnachweis bei gekapselten vakuumschaltroehren, insbesondere bei sf(pfeil abwaerts)6(pfeil abwaerts)-isolierten schaltanlagen
DE3733107 1987-09-30
DE3743868 1987-12-23
DE19873743868 DE3743868A1 (de) 1987-09-30 1987-12-23 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vakuumnachweis bei vakuumschaltroehren

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0309852A1 true EP0309852A1 (fr) 1989-04-05
EP0309852B1 EP0309852B1 (fr) 1992-08-26

Family

ID=25860371

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88115334A Expired - Lifetime EP0309852B1 (fr) 1987-09-30 1988-09-19 Procédé et appareil de contrôle du vide dans un interrupteur à vide

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4906935A (fr)
EP (1) EP0309852B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01115022A (fr)
DE (2) DE3743868A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0365005A2 (fr) * 1988-10-21 1990-04-25 VEB "Otto Buchwitz" Starkstrom-Anlagenbau Dresden Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer la pression interne d'un récipient
FR2681470A1 (fr) * 1991-09-17 1993-03-19 Alsthom Gec Disjoncteur a vide muni de moyens d'autodiagnostic.
EP0543732A1 (fr) * 1991-11-22 1993-05-26 Gec Alsthom Sa Disjoncteur à vide muni de moyens d'autodiagnostic
DE19539535A1 (de) * 1995-10-24 1997-04-30 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Drucküberwachung einer Vakuumschaltröhre
US5739419A (en) * 1995-08-10 1998-04-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for monitoring the vacuum of a vacuum switch
CN104237647A (zh) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 沈阳工业大学 一种真空断路器屏蔽罩电容值检测的方法与装置
CN104241008A (zh) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 沈阳工业大学 一种真空断路器触头分合闸位置检测的方法与装置
CN105556631A (zh) * 2013-07-26 2016-05-04 Abb技术股份公司 用于确定真空断续器内部压力的方法以及真空断续器自身

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4203757C2 (de) * 1992-02-10 2002-08-01 Abb Patent Gmbh Verfahren zum Prüfen des Vakuums einer elektrischen Vakuumschaltkammer sowie Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
JP3168751B2 (ja) * 1992-04-02 2001-05-21 富士電機株式会社 真空バルブの真空漏れ検知方法および装置
US5578998A (en) * 1995-03-20 1996-11-26 Chivas Products Limited Method and apparatus for predicting of lamp failure
DE19526393C2 (de) * 1995-07-19 1998-11-19 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Vakuumnachweis in betriebsmäßig eingebauten Vakuumschaltröhren
TW405135B (en) * 1998-03-19 2000-09-11 Hitachi Ltd Vacuum insulated switch apparatus
FR2868197B1 (fr) * 2004-03-25 2006-05-19 Areva T & D Sa Dispositif de commande pour l'actionnement coordonne d'au moins deux appareils de commutation dont un est a coupure dans le vide
CN102072828B (zh) * 2009-11-19 2013-08-28 上海宝钢设备检修有限公司 Sf6断路器机械特性在线试验方法
CN102778346B (zh) * 2012-04-06 2014-10-29 江苏泰事达电气有限公司 断路器刚分刚合点的在线判断方法及其装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3575656A (en) * 1968-08-30 1971-04-20 Ite Imperial Corp Method and apparatus for measuring pressure in vacuum interrupters
FR2299713A1 (fr) * 1975-01-30 1976-08-27 Gen Electric Procede de detection d'une perte de
US4534741A (en) * 1984-01-05 1985-08-13 General Electric Company Method for assessing the dielectric state of a high voltage vacuum device using radiation generated by field emission current

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4000457A (en) * 1975-10-06 1976-12-28 Varian Associates Cold cathode ionization gauge control for vacuum measurement
US4714891A (en) * 1985-09-23 1987-12-22 Granville-Phillips Company Method and apparatus for improving the safety and extending the range of ionization gauge systems

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3575656A (en) * 1968-08-30 1971-04-20 Ite Imperial Corp Method and apparatus for measuring pressure in vacuum interrupters
FR2299713A1 (fr) * 1975-01-30 1976-08-27 Gen Electric Procede de detection d'une perte de
US4534741A (en) * 1984-01-05 1985-08-13 General Electric Company Method for assessing the dielectric state of a high voltage vacuum device using radiation generated by field emission current

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0365005A2 (fr) * 1988-10-21 1990-04-25 VEB "Otto Buchwitz" Starkstrom-Anlagenbau Dresden Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer la pression interne d'un récipient
EP0365005A3 (fr) * 1988-10-21 1991-04-24 VEB "Otto Buchwitz" Starkstrom-Anlagenbau Dresden Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer la pression interne d'un récipient
FR2681470A1 (fr) * 1991-09-17 1993-03-19 Alsthom Gec Disjoncteur a vide muni de moyens d'autodiagnostic.
EP0543732A1 (fr) * 1991-11-22 1993-05-26 Gec Alsthom Sa Disjoncteur à vide muni de moyens d'autodiagnostic
FR2684232A1 (fr) * 1991-11-22 1993-05-28 Alsthom Gec Disjoncteur a vide muni de moyens d'autodiagnostic.
US5739419A (en) * 1995-08-10 1998-04-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for monitoring the vacuum of a vacuum switch
DE19539535A1 (de) * 1995-10-24 1997-04-30 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Drucküberwachung einer Vakuumschaltröhre
CN104237647A (zh) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 沈阳工业大学 一种真空断路器屏蔽罩电容值检测的方法与装置
CN104241008A (zh) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 沈阳工业大学 一种真空断路器触头分合闸位置检测的方法与装置
CN104241008B (zh) * 2013-06-20 2017-03-22 沈阳工业大学 一种真空断路器触头分合闸位置检测的方法与装置
CN105556631A (zh) * 2013-07-26 2016-05-04 Abb技术股份公司 用于确定真空断续器内部压力的方法以及真空断续器自身

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3874065D1 (de) 1992-10-01
JPH01115022A (ja) 1989-05-08
US4906935A (en) 1990-03-06
DE3743868A1 (de) 1989-07-06
EP0309852B1 (fr) 1992-08-26

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