EP0300953B1 - Continuous casting mould for manufacturing thin strands in slabbing size - Google Patents

Continuous casting mould for manufacturing thin strands in slabbing size Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0300953B1
EP0300953B1 EP88730140A EP88730140A EP0300953B1 EP 0300953 B1 EP0300953 B1 EP 0300953B1 EP 88730140 A EP88730140 A EP 88730140A EP 88730140 A EP88730140 A EP 88730140A EP 0300953 B1 EP0300953 B1 EP 0300953B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mould
casting mould
section
continuous casting
continuous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88730140A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0300953A2 (en
EP0300953A3 (en
Inventor
Fritz-Peter Dr. Ing. Pleschiutschnigg
Gerd Dipl.-Ing. Möllers
Hans-Georg Eberhardt
Werner Dr. Ing. Rahmfeld
Lothar Dipl.-Ing. Parschat
Hans-Jürgen Ehrenberg
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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Application filed by Mannesmann AG filed Critical Mannesmann AG
Priority to AT88730140T priority Critical patent/ATE83695T1/en
Publication of EP0300953A2 publication Critical patent/EP0300953A2/en
Publication of EP0300953A3 publication Critical patent/EP0300953A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/0408—Moulds for casting thin slabs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/043—Curved moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arcuate continuous casting mold for the production of thin strands in slab format, with two opposite longitudinal walls corresponding to the longer cross-sectional sides of the strand to be cast and at least part of the height of the mold and two mutually approximately parallel transverse walls.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating an arcuate continuous casting mold for the production of thin strands in slab format, in particular in the dimension range from 40 to 90 mm ⁇ 400 to 200 mm, which ensures minimal deformation of the continuous shell within the continuous casting mold, but also the use of a submerged nozzle allowed and provides the immersion nozzle with a maximum space in the pouring area of the continuous casting mold.
  • the invention solves this problem in an arcuate continuous casting mold according to the preamble of claim 1 with the features as specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the continuous casting mold in the context of the present invention are specified in the subclaims.
  • the continuous casting mold 1 is followed in the casting direction by the guide frame 2 formed by rollers, to which the transport rollers 3 and a roller table 7 are connected.
  • the continuous casting mold 1 is fed from a distributor 4 via an immersion spout 5.
  • a plug 6 is used to regulate the melt flow to the mold.
  • FIG. 2 shows a continuous casting mold 1 according to the invention. From the continuous casting mold 1 are only those for clarity Slab broad sides delimiting longitudinal walls 8, 9 shown. A lower region 8 ', 9' of the mold 1 below the horizontal R1 is arcuate, R1 simultaneously representing the radius of curvature of this lower mold section.
  • the mold longitudinal wall 8 located on the outside of the arch merges tangentially from the curved wall section 8 'into a straight section 8''which widens the cross section on the pouring side.
  • the transition point 10 from the curved wall section 8 'to the straight wall section 8'' lies below the horizontal R1. Compared to a generally arcuate mold, the space 11 and, depending on the position of the tangent 12, an additional space 13 is created.
  • the mold wall 9 is arched in both sections 9 ', 9'', so that it runs in an arc shape overall. If the thickness dimension and the immersion nozzle used allow the upper side wall section 9 ′′ to be designed as a straight wall section, the straight boundary surface lying in the plane of the tangent 12, which is perpendicular to the horizontal R1.
  • Fig. 3 the continuous casting mold 1 is shown cut vertically in the middle, so that only the rear half of the continuous casting mold 1 is shown.
  • the additional space 13 is limited in the width extension of the mold for receiving a diving spout.
  • Fig. 4 also shows a mold in longitudinal section. Compared to FIG. 3, the only central extension is laid in the side wall 9 on the inside of the continuous casting mold 1.
  • the advantages of the continuous casting mold according to the invention lie in the low absolute deformation of the continuous shell within the mold, the smaller deformation density, the optimized space for the immersion nozzle and the low overall height of the system. Furthermore, in the embodiment according to the invention, no change to the water tank surrounding the mold wall panels is necessary, since necessary design measures are only carried out in the area of the copper wall panels. Last but not least, the geometry of the mold ensures good strand guidance during casting, so that the risk of strand suspensions and breakthroughs is reduced.

Abstract

The invention relates to a continuous casting mould for manufacturing thin strands in slabbing size, with two opposite longitudinal walls, corresponding over at least part of the height of the mould to the longer cross-sectional sides of the strand to be cast, and two transverse walls approximately parallel to one another. <??>In order to create a mould of this kind, in particular in the dimension range of 40 to 90 mm x 400 to 200 mm, which guarantees minimum deformation of the strand shell within the continuous casting mould, likewise permits the use of an immersion nozzle and makes available the maximum amount of space for the immersion nozzle in the charging region of the continuous casting mould, it is proposed according to the invention that the longitudinal walls (8, 9) should be curved essentially in parallel in the lower region of the continuous casting mould (1) and form one portion (8', 9') of the mould and that, in the upper region, at least one of the longitudinal walls should merge tangentially into a straight portion (8'', 9'') which widens the charging cross-section. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine bogenförmige Stranggießkokille zur Erzeugung dünner Stränge im Brammenformat, mit aus zwei gegenüberliegenden, zumindest auf einem Teil der Kokillenhöhe den längeren Querschnittsseiten des zu gießenden Stranges entsprechenden Längswänden und zwei zueinander etwa parallelen Querwänden.The invention relates to an arcuate continuous casting mold for the production of thin strands in slab format, with two opposite longitudinal walls corresponding to the longer cross-sectional sides of the strand to be cast and at least part of the height of the mold and two mutually approximately parallel transverse walls.

Zur Erzeugung von Strängen im Brammenformat sind verschiedene Kokillenkonstruktionen bekannt, wie z.B. gerade oder gebogene Kokillen, mit im wesentlichen parallel verlaufenden Wänden. Bei der Herstellung von dünneren Brammen unter Verwendung eines Tauchausgusses bereitet das Einbringen der Schmelze in die Kokille Schwierigkeiten, insbesondere bei Bogenkokillen, da diese auf einem Kreisbogen schwingen und den Raum für den ortsfesten Tauchausguß einengen. Zur Behebung dieser Schwierigkeiten ist es bekannt (Stahl und Eisen 106/1986, Seite 1255 bis 1256), den Eingießbereich selbst bei einer insgesamt geraden Kokille beidseitig trichterförmig zu erweitern und den Tauchausguß durch seitliche Abplattungen dem Eingießquerschnitt anzupassen.Various mold constructions are known for producing strands in slab format, e.g. straight or curved molds, with walls running essentially parallel. In the production of thinner slabs using an immersion nozzle, introducing the melt into the mold is difficult, in particular in the case of arc molds, since these oscillate on an arc and constrict the space for the stationary immersion nozzle. To remedy these difficulties, it is known (Stahl und Eisen 106/1986, pages 1255 to 1256) to expand the pouring area in a funnel shape on both sides, even with an overall straight mold, and to adapt the immersion spout to the pouring cross-section by lateral flattening.

Diese beidseitige Erweiterung in den Kokillenlängswänden zu einem Trichter führt jedoch zu unerwünschten Strangschalendeformationen, die man jedoch bewußt in Kauf genommen hat, um das Problem der Schmelzenzufuhr zur Stranggießkokille einigermaßen zu beherrschen.However, this bilateral expansion in the mold longitudinal walls to form a funnel leads to undesired strand shell deformations, which have, however, been deliberately accepted in order to somewhat master the problem of melt supply to the continuous casting mold.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe Zugrunde, eine bogenförmige Stranggießkokille zur zur Herstellung dünner Stränge in Brammenformat, insbesondere im Abmessungsbereich von 40 bis 90 mm x 400 bis 200 mm zu schaffen, die eine minimale Verformung der Strangschale innerhalb der Stranggießkokille gewährleistet, gleichwohl den Einsatz eines Tauchausgusses erlaubt und dem Tauchausguß einen maximalen Raum im Eingießbereich der Stranggießkokille zur Verfügung stellt.The invention is based on the object of creating an arcuate continuous casting mold for the production of thin strands in slab format, in particular in the dimension range from 40 to 90 mm × 400 to 200 mm, which ensures minimal deformation of the continuous shell within the continuous casting mold, but also the use of a submerged nozzle allowed and provides the immersion nozzle with a maximum space in the pouring area of the continuous casting mold.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe bei einer bogenförmigen Stranggießkokille gemäß dem gemäß dem Gattungsbegriff des Anspruches 1 mit den Merkmalen, wie sie im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 angegeben sind. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Stranggießkokille im Rahmen vorliegender Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The invention solves this problem in an arcuate continuous casting mold according to the preamble of claim 1 with the features as specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the continuous casting mold in the context of the present invention are specified in the subclaims.

Anhand der Zeichnungen, die Ausführungsbeispiele enthalten, soll die Erfindung näher beschrieben werden.The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, which contain exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht einer Stranggießanlage mit einer Kokille gemäß der Erfindung im Schnitt
Fig. 2
eine Stranggießkokille gemäß der Erfindung in perspektivischer Sicht
Fig. 3
eine weitere Ausführungsform der Stranggießkokille gemäß der Erfindung in perspektivischer Sicht im Längsschnitt
Fig. 4
eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Stranggießkokille gemäß der Erfindung ebenfalls in perspektivischer Sicht und im Längschnitt.
Show it
Fig. 1
a side view of a continuous caster with a mold according to the invention in section
Fig. 2
a continuous casting mold according to the invention in perspective
Fig. 3
a further embodiment of the continuous casting mold according to the invention in a perspective view in longitudinal section
Fig. 4
a further embodiment of the continuous casting mold according to the invention also in perspective and in longitudinal section.

In den Zeichnungen sind gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugsziffern versehen.In the drawings, the same parts are provided with the same reference numbers.

Gemäß Fig. 1 folgt der Strangießkokille 1 in Gießrichtung das von Rollen gebildete Führungsgerüst 2, an das sich die Transportrollen 3 und ein Rollgang 7 anschließt. Die Stranggießkokille 1 wird aus einem Verteiler 4 über einen Tauchausguß 5 gespeist. Ein Stopfen 6 dient zur Regulierung des Schmelzenzuflusses zur Kokille.1, the continuous casting mold 1 is followed in the casting direction by the guide frame 2 formed by rollers, to which the transport rollers 3 and a roller table 7 are connected. The continuous casting mold 1 is fed from a distributor 4 via an immersion spout 5. A plug 6 is used to regulate the melt flow to the mold.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Stranggießkokille 1 gemäß der Erfindung. Von der Stranggießkokille 1 sind der Übersichtlichkeit wegen nur die die Brammenbreitseiten begrenzenden Längswände 8, 9 dargestellt. Ein unterer Bereich 8', 9' der Kokille 1 unterhalb der Horizontalen R1 ist bogenförmig ausgebildet, wobei R1 gleichzeitig den Krümmungsradius dieses unteren Kokillenabschnittes darstellt. Die auf der Bogenaußenseite gelegene Kokillenlängswand 8 geht von dem gebogenen Wandabschnit 8' tangential in einen den Querschnitt auf der Eingießseite erweiternden geraden Abschnitt 8'' über. Der Übergangspunkt 10 vom gebogenen Wandabschnitt 8' zum geraden Wandabschnitt 8'' liegt unterhalb der Horizontalen R1. Gegenüber einer insgesamt bogenförmigen Kokille wird der Raum 11 und je nach Lage der Tangente 12 ein zusätzlicher Raum 13 geschaffen. Die Kokillenwand 9 ist in beiden Teilabschnitten 9', 9'' gewölbt ausgebildet, so daß sie insgesamt bogenförmig verläuft. Sofern es die Dickenabmessung und der zur Anwendung gelangende Tauchausguß erlaubt, kann der obere Seitenwandabschnitt 9'' als gerader Wandabschnitt ausgebildet sein, wobei die gerade Begrenzungsfläche in der Ebene der Tangente 12 liegt, die senkrecht auf der Horizontalen R1 steht.2 shows a continuous casting mold 1 according to the invention. From the continuous casting mold 1 are only those for clarity Slab broad sides delimiting longitudinal walls 8, 9 shown. A lower region 8 ', 9' of the mold 1 below the horizontal R1 is arcuate, R1 simultaneously representing the radius of curvature of this lower mold section. The mold longitudinal wall 8 located on the outside of the arch merges tangentially from the curved wall section 8 'into a straight section 8''which widens the cross section on the pouring side. The transition point 10 from the curved wall section 8 'to the straight wall section 8''lies below the horizontal R1. Compared to a generally arcuate mold, the space 11 and, depending on the position of the tangent 12, an additional space 13 is created. The mold wall 9 is arched in both sections 9 ', 9'', so that it runs in an arc shape overall. If the thickness dimension and the immersion nozzle used allow the upper side wall section 9 ″ to be designed as a straight wall section, the straight boundary surface lying in the plane of the tangent 12, which is perpendicular to the horizontal R1.

In Fig. 3 ist die Stranggießkokille 1 in der Mitte vertikal geschnitten dargestellt, so daß also nur die hintere Hälfte der Stranggießkokille 1 dargestellt ist. Die auf der Bogenaußenseite gelegene Längswand 8 der Stranggießkokille 1 geht von den gebogenen Wandabschnitt 8' tangential nur im Mittenbereich der Längswand 8 in einen geradwandigen Abschnitt 8'' über. Hierdurch ist der zusätzliche Raum 13 in der Breitenerstreckung der Kokille zur Aufnahme eines Tauchausgusses begrenzt. Bei Brammendicken im oberen Maßbereich kann es dabei genügen, den Übergangspunkt 10 vom gebogenen Kokillenabschnitt 9' der Bogeninnenlängswand 9 in die Ebene der Horizontalen R1 zu legen, so daß der gerade Wandteil 9'' sich vertikal erstreckt.In Fig. 3 the continuous casting mold 1 is shown cut vertically in the middle, so that only the rear half of the continuous casting mold 1 is shown. The longitudinal wall 8 of the continuous casting mold 1 located on the outside of the arc tangentially transitions from the curved wall section 8 ′ only in the central region of the longitudinal wall 8 into a straight-walled section 8 ″. As a result, the additional space 13 is limited in the width extension of the mold for receiving a diving spout. In the case of slab thicknesses in the upper dimension range, it may be sufficient to place the transition point 10 from the curved mold section 9 'of the inner wall 9 of the arc into the plane of the horizontal R1, so that the straight wall part 9''extends vertically.

Fig. 4 zeigt ebenfalls eine Kokille im Längsschnitt. Gegenüber Fig. 3 ist hier die nur mittige Erweiterung in die Seitenwand 9 auf der Bogeninnenseite der Stranggießkokille 1 verlegt. Der tangentiale Übergangspunkt 10 vom gebogenen Wandabschnitt 9' zum geraden Wandabschnitt 9'' liegt oberhalb der Horizontalen R1 mit dem Raumgewinn bei 13 für den Tauchausguß. Bei dieser Ausführung ist es zweckmäßig, den Übergangspunkt 10 der Seitenwand 8 auf der Bogenaußenseite in die Horizontale R1 zu legen, so daß der gerade Wandabschnitt 8'' senkrecht auf der Horizontalen R1 steht.Fig. 4 also shows a mold in longitudinal section. Compared to FIG. 3, the only central extension is laid in the side wall 9 on the inside of the continuous casting mold 1. The tangential transition point 10 from the curved wall section 9 'to the straight wall section 9' 'lies above the horizontal R1 with the space gain at 13 for the immersion nozzle. In this embodiment, it is expedient to place the transition point 10 of the side wall 8 on the outside of the arch in the horizontal R1, so that the straight wall section 8 ″ is perpendicular to the horizontal R1.

Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Stranggießkokille liegen in der geringen absoluten Deformation der Strangschale innerhalb der Kokille, der kleineren Deformationsdichte, im optimierten Raumangebot für den Tauchausguß und in der niedrigen Bauhöhe der Anlage. Ferner ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung keine Änderung des Wasserkastens nötig, der die Kokillenwandplatten umgibt, da notwendige Gestaltungsmaßnahmen nur im Bereich der Kupferwandplatten erfolgen. Nicht zuletzt sorgt die Geometrie der Kokille für eine gute Strangführung während des Gießens, so daß die Gefahr von Strangaufhängungen und Durchbrüchen vermindert ist.The advantages of the continuous casting mold according to the invention lie in the low absolute deformation of the continuous shell within the mold, the smaller deformation density, the optimized space for the immersion nozzle and the low overall height of the system. Furthermore, in the embodiment according to the invention, no change to the water tank surrounding the mold wall panels is necessary, since necessary design measures are only carried out in the area of the copper wall panels. Last but not least, the geometry of the mold ensures good strand guidance during casting, so that the risk of strand suspensions and breakthroughs is reduced.

Claims (4)

  1. An arcuate continuous-casting mould for producing thin strands in slabbing size, consisting of two opposing longitudinal walls which correspond at least over part of the height of the could to the longer cross-sectional sides of the strand being cast, and two transverse walls approximately parallel to one another, characterised in that the longitudinal walls (8, 9) in the lower region of the continuous-casting mould (1) are curved substantially parallel and form a mould section (8', 9') and in the upper region at least one of the longitudinal walls merges tangentially into a straight section (8'') which widens the pouring cross-section.
  2. An arcuate continuous-casting mould according to Claim 1, characterised in that the point of transition (10) from the curved mould section (8') into the straight wall part is located in the outside of the curve of the continuous-casting mould beneath a horizontal (R1) laid through the continuous-casting mould at approximately half the height of the mould.
  3. An arcuate continuous-casting mould according to Claim 1, characterised in that the point of transition (10) from the curved mould section (9') into the straight wall section (9'') is located in the inside of the curve of the continuous-casting mould (1) above a horizontal (R1) laid through the continuous-casting mould at approximately half the height of the mould.
  4. An arcuate continuous-casting mould for producing thin strands in slabbing size, consisting of two opposing longitudinal walls which correspond at least over part of the height of the mould to the longer cross-sectional sides of the strand being cast, and two transverse walls approximately parallel to one another, [characterised in] that the longitudinal walls (8, 9) in the lower region of the continuous-casting mould (1) are curved substantially parallel and form a mould section (8', 9') and in the upper region at least one of the longitudinal walls merges tangentially into a straight section (8'', 9'') which widens the pouring cross-section only over a region located in the centre of the longitudinal walls.
EP88730140A 1987-07-22 1988-06-24 Continuous casting mould for manufacturing thin strands in slabbing size Expired - Lifetime EP0300953B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88730140T ATE83695T1 (en) 1987-07-22 1988-06-24 CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLD FOR PRODUCTION OF THIN STRIPS IN SLAT FORMAT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3724628 1987-07-22
DE3724628A DE3724628C1 (en) 1987-07-22 1987-07-22 Continuous casting mold for producing thin slabs in slab format

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0300953A2 EP0300953A2 (en) 1989-01-25
EP0300953A3 EP0300953A3 (en) 1990-05-02
EP0300953B1 true EP0300953B1 (en) 1992-12-23

Family

ID=6332324

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88730140A Expired - Lifetime EP0300953B1 (en) 1987-07-22 1988-06-24 Continuous casting mould for manufacturing thin strands in slabbing size

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4928747A (en)
EP (1) EP0300953B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6431557A (en)
KR (1) KR960007627B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1034559C (en)
AT (1) ATE83695T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8803166A (en)
CA (1) CA1315522C (en)
DE (2) DE3724628C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2036713T3 (en)
IN (1) IN172153B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4131829C2 (en) * 1990-10-02 1993-10-21 Mannesmann Ag Liquid-cooled mold for the continuous casting of steel strands in slab format
IT1252990B (en) * 1991-10-31 1995-07-10 Danieli Off Mecc LONGITUDINAL BENDING CRYSTALLIZER FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING CURVE FOR THIN BRANKS
IT1252991B (en) * 1991-10-31 1995-07-10 Danieli Off Mecc CONTINUOUS CASTING CRYSTALIZER FOR TONGUE FOR THIN SLABS
IT1265065B1 (en) * 1993-05-17 1996-10-30 Giovanni Arvedi PERFECTED INGOT MILL FOR CONTINUOUS STEEL CASTING, PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF THIN Slabs
DE4403049C1 (en) * 1994-01-28 1995-09-07 Mannesmann Ag Continuous caster and method for producing thin slabs
DE4435218C2 (en) * 1994-09-30 2002-12-05 Sms Demag Ag Mold for the continuous casting of thin slabs or steel strips
DE19728957A1 (en) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-07 Mannesmann Ag Method and device for producing thin slabs
GB9719318D0 (en) * 1997-09-12 1997-11-12 Kvaerner Clecim Cont Casting Improvements in and relating to casting
DE102015215187A1 (en) * 2015-08-10 2017-02-16 Sms Group Gmbh Melt metallurgical plant comprising a mold
CN109093084B (en) * 2018-09-29 2020-03-31 东北大学 Method for producing continuous casting sheet billet

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SU143215A1 (en) * 1961-05-11 1961-11-30 Э.А. Иодко Continuous metal casting mold
FR1505630A (en) * 1965-11-15 1967-12-15 Continua Internat Continuous C Process and circulation shell for the continuous casting of metal bars, in particular in the form of slabs, plates or sheets
DE1809744C3 (en) * 1967-11-23 1978-11-23 Continua International Continuous Casting S.R.L., Ferrara (Italien) Process for the continuous casting of metals and continuous casting mold for carrying out the process
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JPS59101259A (en) * 1982-11-30 1984-06-11 Nippon Steel Corp Casting mold for continuous casting machine
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JPS611954U (en) * 1984-06-11 1986-01-08 ミツミ電機株式会社 Optical digital signal receiving circuit
IT1187604B (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-12-23 Danieli Off Mecc REFINEMENTS FOR CRYSTALLIZERS FOR CONTINUOUS SUB-HORIZONTAL CASTING AND CRYSTALLIZERS SO PERFECTED

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
STAHL UND EISEN, Band 106, Nr. 23, 17. November 1986, S. 1255, 1256 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2036713T3 (en) 1993-06-01
KR960007627B1 (en) 1996-06-07
CN1031340A (en) 1989-03-01
IN172153B (en) 1993-04-17
KR890001664A (en) 1989-03-28
BR8803166A (en) 1989-02-08
CN1034559C (en) 1997-04-16
EP0300953A2 (en) 1989-01-25
CA1315522C (en) 1993-04-06
ATE83695T1 (en) 1993-01-15
JPS6431557A (en) 1989-02-01
EP0300953A3 (en) 1990-05-02
DE3876884D1 (en) 1993-02-04
US4928747A (en) 1990-05-29
DE3724628C1 (en) 1988-08-25

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