EP1676658B1 - Continuous steel casting plant for billets and blooms - Google Patents
Continuous steel casting plant for billets and blooms Download PDFInfo
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- EP1676658B1 EP1676658B1 EP04030926A EP04030926A EP1676658B1 EP 1676658 B1 EP1676658 B1 EP 1676658B1 EP 04030926 A EP04030926 A EP 04030926A EP 04030926 A EP04030926 A EP 04030926A EP 1676658 B1 EP1676658 B1 EP 1676658B1
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/041—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for vertical casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a steel continuous casting plant for billet and bloom formats according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Corners of the mold cavity of tube molds are rounded by fillets.
- the incipient solidification of the strand just below the bath level in the mold runs at straight portions of the mold cavity circumference different from the groove areas.
- the heat flow at the straight or substantially straight sections is quasi one-dimensional and follows the law of heat transmission through a flat wall.
- the heat flow in the rounded corners is two-dimensional and it follows the law of heat transfer through a curved wall.
- the resulting strand shell is usually thicker in the corner areas at the beginning of solidification below the bath level than on the straight surfaces and begins to shrink earlier and more strongly in time.
- the strand shell in the corner regions of the mold wall rises in an irregular manner after only about 2 seconds and air gaps are formed, which drastically worsen the heat transfer.
- This degradation of heat transfer not only delays further shell growth, it may even come to a remelting of already solidified inner layers of the strand shell.
- This rocking of the heat flow - cooling and reheating - leads to strand defects such as surface and internal longitudinal cracks at the edges or in edge near areas, as well as shape errors such as rhomboid, recoveries etc.
- a re-melting of the strand shell or larger longitudinal cracks can also lead to breakthroughs.
- Out JP-A-11 151555 is a mold for the continuous casting of billets and billets known.
- the fillets are specially shaped as so-called corner cooling parts.
- the Eckkühlmaschine are formed as circular recesses in the mold wall, which shrink in strand direction and revert to Kokillenausgang back to a Eckarhlkehle. The degree of curvature of the circular recesses increases in the strand running direction towards the mold outlet. This shaping is intended to ensure uninterrupted contact between the corner region of the strand shell and the specially shaped corner cooling parts of the mold.
- the invention is based on the object, a Stahlstranggiesshiel for billets and billets preferably with a substantially rectangular or rechteckähnlichem To create strand cross-section, which achieves a combination of the following sub-goals.
- it is intended to ensure a high casting performance with the smallest possible strand number and thus minimum investment and maintenance costs as well as an improved strand quality on the other hand.
- the improvement of the strand quality is intended in particular to prevent strand defects in the corner regions such as cracks, solidification defects and casting powder inclusions in the strand shell, but also dimensional deviations such as skew, bulges and retractions.
- the continuous casting plant according to the invention is intended to reduce further investment and maintenance costs for supporting frameworks and, in addition, to improve the cost-effectiveness and strand quality in the use of mold stirring devices.
- strand quality is also improved in many ways.
- the strand shell growth over the strand circumference and over predetermined parts of the mold length is made uniform, whereby the strand structure improves and strand defects such as cracks, etc. are prevented in the edge regions .
- geometric strand defects such as Spiesskantmaschine, bulges, etc. can be reduced or eliminated. The enlargement of the corner fillets but also influences the flow conditions in the bathroom mirror area.
- the boundary between a strand support-free and a reduced in their support width and support length support guide in the secondary cooling zone is determined by numerous parameters, in particular the bulging behavior of a cast strand.
- the Hauptparametem format size and total length of the fillets of the two a strand side associated Hohlkehlbogen or the length of a straight section between the two a strand side associated Hohlkehlbogen are also the casting speed, mold cavity length, steel temperature and steel analysis, etc. authoritative.
- the following guide values are proposed for tests to determine the boundary between a support-free secondary cooling zone and a reduced support guide in the secondary cooling zone.
- strand formats smaller than about 150 x 150 mm 2 and a total length of the two fillets of a strand side of about 70% and more of the strand side dimension, as a rule, casting can be done without support.
- a support guide reduced in its support width and support length may be located in the secondary cooling zone.
- the bulging behavior of the strand after leaving the mold can be influenced so that opposite
- the prior art significantly larger strand formats even at higher casting speeds without support or with reduced support guide can be produced.
- Cove fillets in the peripheral line of the cavity section can be made of circular lines, compound circular lines, etc. Additional benefits are achievable if the Hohlkehlbogen not tangentially or punctiform connect to the straight sections of the perimeter. According to a further proposal, a course of curvature can be selected along the Hohlkehlbogens on to a maximum degree of curvature 1 / R on and from this swells again. The maximum degree of curvature 1 / R in the direction of strand running following Hohlkehlbogen can steadily or discontinuously decrease.
- the circumferential lines of the strand cross-section have fillets with curves of curvature that follow a mathematical function and which decrease to a maximum degree of curvature 1 / R and decrease again therefrom, such as mathematical Functions like super circle or superelipse.
- the substantially rectangular cavity section consists of four arcuate lines each enclosing about one fourth of the cross-sectional circumference and the arcuate lines follow a mathematical function.
- the mathematical function x A n + y B n 1 For example, this condition satisfies when an exponent "n" of between 3 and 50, preferably between 4 and 10, is selected.
- a and B are the dimensions of the arc line.
- the circumferential line of the strand cross-section may also be composed of a plurality of arc lines, wherein the groove arch have a curvature which corresponds to a mathematical function, eg
- n
- n follows.
- Sections of the perimeter line disposed between the fillets may have slightly curved arc lines as shown in FIG EP Patent 0 498 296 is described. Seen in strand direction, the degrees of curvature 1 / R of both the fillet arc and the lying between these relatively elongated arc lines can shrink so that at least on a partial length of the mold, the strand shell is slightly deformed when passing over the entire circumference, ie stretched.
- an optimal mold length can be determined. Casting formats between 120 x 120 mm 2 and 160 x 160 mm 2 can be optimally cast at high casting speeds with a mold length of approx. 1000 mm, omitting strand support.
- Fig. 1 flows through a spout nozzle 2 of an intermediate vessel 3 liquid steel in the vertical direction of a mold 4.
- the mold 4 has a rectangular mold cavity for a billet cross-section of, for example, 120 ⁇ 120 mm 2 . 5, a partially solidified strand with a strand shell 6 and a liquid core 7 is shown.
- a height-adjustable electromagnetic stirring device 8 is shown schematically outside the mold 4. It can also be arranged inside the mold 4, for example in the water jacket. The stirring device 8 generates a horizontally rotating rotational movement in the bathroom mirror area and in the liquid swamp.
- a strand support-free first secondary cooling zone which is provided with spray nozzles 9.
- Fig. 2 is equipped with 10 a mold cavity of a mold tube 11 with groove fillet 12, 12 ', 13, 13' in the corner areas.
- the fillet 14, 15 of the fillet arc 12, 12 ', 13, 13' is in this example each about 20% of a side length 16 of the strand cross-section.
- the degree of curvature 1 / R of the inflow side fillet arc 12, 13 is different from the degree of curvature 1 / R of the fillet arc 12 ', 13' at the mold exit.
- the size of the fillet 14, 15 also contributes to the fact that, despite the high casting speed, the partially solidified strand can be passed through the secondary cooling zone immediately after leaving the mold cavity without or with reduced strand support.
- a given format can be reduced by an increase in the fillets 14, 15 targeted a straight section 17 between the fillets 14, 15 so that harmful bulges of the strand shell despite strand support-free secondary cooling zone can be avoided.
- a strand support reduced in its support width can be provided.
- a corner 19 of a mold cavity is shown on an enlarged scale.
- Five chamfers 23-23 "" represent the geometry of the corner formation in the sense of height curves.
- the connection points of the chamfered sheets 23-23 "" to the straight sections 24-24 “" of circumferential lines of the chill cross section can be along the lines R, R 4 or R 1 , R 4 are selected.
- the distances 25-25 "in this example show a continuous taper along the straight sidewalls
- the fillets 23-23”” are defined by a mathematical curve function
- n
- the fillet arc 23 "" is a circular arc in this example.
- Fig. 4 For a clear overview, only three circumferential lines following each other in line running direction are shown with fillet arc 51 - 51 "of a square mold cavity 50.
- the circumferential lines are composed of four fillet curves 51 - 51" which enclose an angle of 90 °.
- Fig. 5 shows a tube mold 62 for continuously casting billet or billet molds with a mold cavity 63.
- the cross-section of the mold cavity 63 is square at the mold exit and between adjacent sidewalls 64-64 '"corner areas 65-65'" are arranged.
- the chamfers 67, 68 are not circular lines but curves, according to the mathematical function
- n
- the upper Kokillenteil are on a partial length of 40% - 60% of the Kokillenine the side walls 64 - 64 '"between the corners 65 - 65'" concave. On this part length, an arc height 66 decreases in line running direction.
- a convex strand shell forming in the mold is smoothed along the upper part length of the mold.
- the arcuate line 70 may be formed from a circle, a composite circle, or a curve based on a mathematical function.
- the straight side walls 71 of the mold are provided with a mold cavity conicity corresponding to the shrinkage of the strand cross-section.
- All mold cavities in the Fig. 1-5 are provided for simplicity with a straight longitudinal axis.
- the invention is also applicable to molds with curved longitudinal axis for Kreisbogenstranggiessanlagen.
- the inventive embodiment of the mold cavity is not limited in the rest on pipe molds. It is also applicable to Ptatten- or block molds, etc.
- Fig. 6 is half of a substantially rectangular strand cross-section 60 with a solidified strand shell 61 and a liquid core 42 shown.
- the circumferential line of the half strand cross-section 60 is composed of two partial curves 45, which enclose an angle of 90 °, whose shape corresponds to the starting cross-section of the mold cavity of the mold.
- each fillet 44 of the part curves 45 is 50%, or both fillets 44 together correspond to 100% of the strand side mass 66.
- Arrows 48 indicate the ferrostatic pressure acting on the strand shell 61.
- the sum of the two fillets 44 of the partial curves 45 are greater than 70% of the strand side mass 66 and a strand support in the secondary cooling zone is thus not required in this example.
- Fig. 7 is opposite Fig. 6 the circumferential line of the half strand cross section of two circular arc 75 with a fillet 76 of 30% and straight sections 77 of 40% of the strand side mass 78 composed.
- the straight portions 77 between the circular arcs 75 in this example are greater than 30% of the strand side mass 78, and a support guide in the form of support rollers 79 reduced in its support width and support length can be arranged.
- a support roller width that corresponds to the length of the straight section or is slightly shorter than this is sufficient.
- Arrows 79 indicate the ferrostatic pressure acting on the strand shell 71.
- FIG. 8 an example of a Vorblockstranges is shown in the form of a Vorprofiles 80 for a double-T-carrier.
- a mold cavity for pre-profiles 80 has corners 86 which are rounded with chamfers 81.
- a strand side measure 82 is composed of two fillet arc 81 with fillets 83 of, for example, 40% and a substantially straight section 84 of, for example, 20%.
- the indicated by arrows 85 ferrostatic pressure on the strand shell 86 produced in double-T-carrier strands according to the prior art, a bulge, if not, as in this example, by special measures shaping by a choice of corresponding chamfers 81 or a corresponding support guide is arranged.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Stahlstranggiessanlage für Knüppel- und Vorblockformate gemäss Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a steel continuous casting plant for billet and bloom formats according to the preamble of claim 1.
Strangguss-Langprodukte werden überwiegend in Rohrkokillen mit Rechteck-, insbesondere mit angenähertem Quadrat- oder Rundquerschnitt vergossen. Die Knüppel- und Vorblockstränge werden anschliessend durch Walzen oder Schmieden weiterverarbeitet.Long-cast continuous products are mainly cast in tube molds with rectangular, in particular with an approximate square or round cross-section. The billet and billet strands are then further processed by rolling or forging.
Für eine Erzeugung von Stranggiessprodukten mit guter Oberflächen- und Gefügequalität, insbesondere von Knüppel- und Vorblocksträngen, ist ein gleichmässiger Wärmeübergang entlang der Umfangslinie des Strangquerschnittes zwischen dem sich bildenden Strang und der Formhohlraumwand von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung. Viele Vorschläge sind bekannt, die Formhohlraumgeometrie insbesondere in den Bereichen der Eckhohlkehlen des Formhohlraumes so auszubilden, dass zwischen der sich bildenden Strangschale und der Kokillenwand keine schädliche Luftspalte entstehen, die einen ungleichmässigen Wärmeübergang entlang einer Umfangslinie des Strangquerschnittes, und Erstarrungsfehler sowie Durchbrüche verursachen.For a production of continuous cast products with good surface and microstructural quality, in particular of billet and pre-block strands, a uniform heat transfer along the circumferential line of the strand cross-section between the forming strand and the cavity wall cavity is of crucial importance. Many proposals are known to form the cavity geometry, especially in the areas of the corner grooves of the mold cavity so that no harmful air gaps arise between the forming strand shell and the mold wall, causing uneven heat transfer along a circumferential line of the strand cross-section, and solidification defects and breakthroughs.
Ecken des Formhohlraumes von Rohrkokillen sind durch Hohlkehlen abgerundet. Je grösser die Hohlkehlen im Formhohlraum der Kokille gestaltet sind, um so schwieriger ist eine gleichmässige Abkühlung zwischen einer sich bildenden Strangschale und den Kokillenwänden, insbesondere über den Formhohlraumumfang, zu erreichen. Die beginnende Erstarrung des Stranges kurz unterhalb des Badspiegels in der Kokille verläuft an geraden Abschnitten des Formhohlraumumfanges unterschiedlich zu den Hohlkehlbereichen. Der Wärmefluss an den geraden oder im wesentlichen geraden Abschnitten ist quasi eindimensional und folgt dem Gesetz des Wärmedurchganges durch eine ebene Wand. Im Gegensatz dazu ist der Wärmefluss in den abgerundeten Eckbereichen zweidimensional und er folgt dem Gesetz des Wärmedurchganges durch eine gekrümmte Wand.Corners of the mold cavity of tube molds are rounded by fillets. The greater the flutes are designed in the mold cavity of the mold, the more difficult it is to achieve a uniform cooling between a forming strand shell and the mold walls, in particular over the mold cavity circumference. The incipient solidification of the strand just below the bath level in the mold runs at straight portions of the mold cavity circumference different from the groove areas. The heat flow at the straight or substantially straight sections is quasi one-dimensional and follows the law of heat transmission through a flat wall. In contrast, the heat flow in the rounded corners is two-dimensional and it follows the law of heat transfer through a curved wall.
Die entstehende Strangschale wird in der Regel in den Eckbereichen bei Erstarrungsbeginn unterhalb des Badspiegels dicker als an den geraden Flächen und beginnt zeitlich früher und stärker zu schrumpfen. Dies führt dazu, dass schon nach ca. 2 Sekunden sich die Strangschale in den Eckbereichen von der Kokillenwand unregelmässig abhebt und sich Luftspalte bilden, die den Wärmedurchgang drastisch verschlechtern. Diese Verschlechterung des Wärmedurchganges verzögert nicht nur das weitere Schalenwachstum, es kann sogar zu einem Wiederaufschmelzen von bereits erstarrten inneren Schichten der Strangschale kommen. Dieses Schaukeln des Wärmeflusses - Abkühlen und Wiedererwärmen - führt zu Strangfehlern wie Oberflächen- und inneren Längsrissen an den Kanten bzw. in kantennahen Bereichen, sowie zu Formfehlern wie Rhomboidität, Einziehungen etc. Ein Wiederaufschmelzen der Strangschale oder grössere Längsrisse können auch zu Durchbrüchen führen.The resulting strand shell is usually thicker in the corner areas at the beginning of solidification below the bath level than on the straight surfaces and begins to shrink earlier and more strongly in time. As a result, the strand shell in the corner regions of the mold wall rises in an irregular manner after only about 2 seconds and air gaps are formed, which drastically worsen the heat transfer. This degradation of heat transfer not only delays further shell growth, it may even come to a remelting of already solidified inner layers of the strand shell. This rocking of the heat flow - cooling and reheating - leads to strand defects such as surface and internal longitudinal cracks at the edges or in edge near areas, as well as shape errors such as rhomboid, recoveries etc. A re-melting of the strand shell or larger longitudinal cracks can also lead to breakthroughs.
Je grösser die Hohlkehlen gegenüber der Seitenlänge des Strangquerschnittes dimensioniert werden, insbesondere wenn die Hohlkehlradien 10 % und mehr der Seitenlänge des Formhohlraumquerschnittes betragen, um so häufiger treten solche Strangfehler auf. Dies ist ein Grund, weshalb die Hohlkehlradien in der Regel auf 5 bis 8 mm begrenzt werden, obwohl für das nachfolgende Walzen grössere Abrundungen an den Strangkanten vorteilhaft wären.The larger the flutes are dimensioned relative to the side length of the strand cross-section, in particular if the flute radii amount to 10% and more of the side length of the cavity section, the more frequently such flaw defects occur. This is one reason why the radii of curvature are usually limited to 5 to 8 mm, although for the subsequent rolling larger rounding at the strand edges would be advantageous.
Beim Giessen mit hohen Giessgeschwindigkeiten verringert sich die Verweilzeit des gegossenen Stranges im Kokillenhohlraum und die Strangschale hat insgesamt weniger Zeit in ihrer Dicke zu wachsen. Je nach dem gewählten Strangformat ist es deshalb notwendig, die Strangschale unmittelbar nach dem Verlassen der Kokille durch Stützrollen abzustützen, um ein Ausbauchen der Strangschale oder sogar Durchbrüche zu vermeiden. Solche Stützrollengerüste direkt unterhalb der Kokille sind einem starken Verschleiss ausgesetzt und können nach einem Durchbruch nur mit einem grossen Zeit- und Kostenaufwand wieder instandgestellt werden.When casting at high casting speeds, the residence time of the cast strand in the mold cavity is reduced and the strand shell has less total time to grow in thickness. Depending on the selected strand format, it is therefore necessary to support the strand shell immediately after leaving the mold by supporting rollers to prevent bulging of the strand shell or even breakthroughs. Such support roller frames directly below the mold are exposed to heavy wear and can be repaired after a breakthrough only with great time and cost.
Aus
Aus
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Stahlstranggiessanlage für Knüppel- und Vorblockformate vorzugsweise mit im wesentlichen rechteckigem oder rechteckähnlichem Strangquerschnitt zu schaffen, die eine Kombination der nachfolgenden Teilziele erreicht. Sie soll einerseits eine hohe Giessleistung bei möglichst kleiner Strangzahl und dadurch minimale Investitions- und Unterhaltskosten sowie anderseits eine verbesserte Strangqualität sicherstellen. Die Verbesserung der Strangqualität soll insbesondere Strangfehler in den Eckbereichen wie Risse, Erstarrungsfehler und Giesspulvereinschlüsse in der Strangschale, aber auch Massabweichungen wie Spiesskantigkeit, Ausbauchungen und Einziehungen verhindern. Die erfindungsgemässe Stranggiessanlage soll im weiteren Investitions- und Unterhaltskosten für Stützführungsgerüste vermindern sowie zusätzlich die Wirtschaftlichkeit und Strangqualität bei der Anwendung von Kokillenrühreinrichtungen verbessern.The invention is based on the object, a Stahlstranggiessanlage for billets and billets preferably with a substantially rectangular or rechteckähnlichem To create strand cross-section, which achieves a combination of the following sub-goals. On the one hand, it is intended to ensure a high casting performance with the smallest possible strand number and thus minimum investment and maintenance costs as well as an improved strand quality on the other hand. The improvement of the strand quality is intended in particular to prevent strand defects in the corner regions such as cracks, solidification defects and casting powder inclusions in the strand shell, but also dimensional deviations such as skew, bulges and retractions. The continuous casting plant according to the invention is intended to reduce further investment and maintenance costs for supporting frameworks and, in addition, to improve the cost-effectiveness and strand quality in the use of mold stirring devices.
Gemäss der Erfindung wird diese Zielsetzung durch die Summe der Merkmale von Anspruch 1 erreicht.According to the invention, this objective is achieved by the sum of the features of claim 1.
Mit der erfindungsgemässen Stranggiessanlage ist es möglich, grössere Knüppel- und Vorblockformate sowie Vorprofilstränge mit höheren Giessgeschwindigkeiten und ohne bzw. mit einer in ihrer Stützbreite und/oder Stützlänge reduzierten Stützführung unmittelbar unterhalb der Kokille zu giessen. Bei einer vorgegebenen Produktionsleistung kann dadurch die Zahl der Stränge reduziert und Investitionskosten eingespart werden. Gleichzeitig vermindern sich die Unterhaltskosten der Anlage sowohl durch die geringere Strangzahl als auch durch die Weglassung bzw. Reduktion von Stützführungen für die gegossenen Stränge. Durch eine Vergrösserung der Kantenabrundungen der gegossenen Stränge können kritische Spannungen in der verbleibenden ebenen Strangschale, die durch den ferrostatischen Druck des flüssigen Kernes erzeugt werden, beim Strangaustritt aus der Kokille wesentlich reduziert werden. Eine Verkürzung der zwischen den Eckausrundungen liegenden geraden Abschnitte des Formhohlraumumfanges um beispielsweise 10 % vermindert die für eine Ausbauchung massgebende Biegespannung in diesen Abschnitten um etwa 20 %.With the continuous casting installation according to the invention, it is possible to cast larger billet and billet formats as well as prestressed strands with higher casting speeds and without or with a support guide reduced in their support width and / or support length immediately below the mold. For a given production capacity, this can reduce the number of strands and save investment costs. At the same time, the maintenance costs of the plant are reduced both by the lower number of strands and by the omission or reduction of supporting guides for the cast strands. By increasing the edge roundings of the cast strands, critical stresses in the remaining planar strand shell produced by the ferrostatic pressure of the liquid core can be substantially reduced in the strand exit from the mold. A shortening of the lying between the Eckausrundungen straight sections of the mold cavity circumference by, for example, 10% reduces the decisive for a bulge bending stress in these sections by about 20%.
Neben diesen wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen wird zusätzlich die Strangqualität in vielfältiger Hinsicht verbessert. Durch die Steuerung einer gezielten Spaltaufhebung zwischen der Strangschale und der Kokillenwand bzw. einer gezielten Strangschalenumformung im Bereich des Hohlkehlbogens wird das Strangschalenwachstum über den Strangumfang und über vorbestimmte Teile der Kokillenlänge vergleichmässigt, wodurch das Stranggefüge verbessert und Strangfehler wie Risse etc. in den Kantenbereichen verhindert werden. Zusätzlich können auch geometrische Strangfehler wie Spiesskantigkeit, Ausbauchungen etc. reduziert bzw. eliminiert werden. Die Vergrösserung der Eckausrundungen beeinflusst aber auch die Strömungsverhältnisse im Badspiegelbereich. Bei Anwendung von Giesspulver zur Abdeckung des Badspiegels kann mit steigender Vergrösserung der Eckausrundungen eine Vergleichmässigung der Bedingungen für das Aufschmelzen des Giesspulvers am gesamten Meniskusumfang erreicht werden. Dieser Vorteil wird bei Kokillen mit Rühreinrichtungen noch verstärkt. Strangfehler wie Giesspulver- und Schlackeneinschlüsse, insbesondere in den Eckbereichen, aber auch Strangoberflächenfehler können durch die Vergleichmässigung der Schmierwirkung durch das Giesspulver reduziert werden. Durch Anpassung der Grösse der Strangkantenabrundungen an die Bedürfnisse der nachfolgenden Walz- oder Schmiedeoperationen sind zusätzliche Qualitätsvorteile erreichbar.In addition to these economic advantages, strand quality is also improved in many ways. By controlling a targeted gap clearance between the strand shell and the mold wall or a targeted strand shell deformation in the region of the fillet arc, the strand shell growth over the strand circumference and over predetermined parts of the mold length is made uniform, whereby the strand structure improves and strand defects such as cracks, etc. are prevented in the edge regions , In addition, geometric strand defects such as Spiesskantigkeit, bulges, etc. can be reduced or eliminated. The enlargement of the corner fillets but also influences the flow conditions in the bathroom mirror area. When using Giesspulver to cover the bath level can be achieved with increasing enlargement of the Eckausrundungen a homogenization of the conditions for the melting of Giesspulvers the entire meniscus circumference. This advantage is exacerbated in molds with stirrers. Strand defects such as Giesspulver- and slag inclusions, especially in the corner areas, but also strand surface defects can be reduced by the uniformity of the lubricating effect of the casting powder. By adapting the size of the strand edge rounding to the needs of the subsequent rolling or forging operations, additional quality advantages can be achieved.
Die Grenze zwischen einer strangabstützungsfreien und einer in ihrer Stützbreite und Stützlänge reduzierten Stützführung in der Sekundärkühlzone ist von zahlreichen Parametern, insbesondere vom Ausbauchungsverhalten eines gegossenen Stranges bestimmt. Neben den Hauptparametem Formatgrösse und Gesamtlänge der Ausrundungen der beiden einer Strangseite zugeordneten Hohlkehlbogen bzw. der Länge eines geraden Abschnittes zwischen den beiden einer Strangseite zugeordneten Hohlkehlbogen sind auch die Giessgeschwindigkeit, Formhohlraumlänge, Stahltemperatur und Stahlanalyse etc. massgebend. Für Versuche zur Bestimmung der Grenze zwischen einer abstützungsfreien Sekundärkühlzone und einer reduzierten Stützführung in der Sekundärkühlzone werden folgende Richtwerte vorgeschlagen. Bei Strangformaten, die kleiner als etwa 150 x 150 mm2 sind und einer Gesamtlänge der beiden Ausrundungen einer Strangseite von etwa 70 % und mehr des Strangseitenmasses kann in der Regel abstützungsfrei gegossen werden. Bei Strangformaten, die grösser als etwa 150 x 150 mm2 sind und einen geraden Abschnitt zwischen den beiden Ausrundungen von etwa 30 % und mehr des Strangseitenmasses aufweisen, kann eine in ihrer Stützbreite und Stützlänge reduzierte Stützführung in der Sekundärkühlzone angeordnet sein. Mittels der erfindungsgemässen Lehre kann einerseits durch eine Vergrösserung der Ausrundungen, beispielsweise bis 100 % der Seitenlänge des Strangquerschnittes, und anderseits durch die Veränderung der Krümmungsgrade von in Stranglaufrichtung sich folgenden Hohlkehlbogen, das Ausbauchungsverhalten des Stranges nach dem Verlassen der Kokille so beeinflusst werden, dass gegenüber dem Stand der Technik wesentlich grössere Strangformate auch bei höheren Giessgeschwindigkeiten stützführungsfrei bzw. mit reduzierter Stützführung herstellbar sind.The boundary between a strand support-free and a reduced in their support width and support length support guide in the secondary cooling zone is determined by numerous parameters, in particular the bulging behavior of a cast strand. In addition to the Hauptparametem format size and total length of the fillets of the two a strand side associated Hohlkehlbogen or the length of a straight section between the two a strand side associated Hohlkehlbogen are also the casting speed, mold cavity length, steel temperature and steel analysis, etc. authoritative. The following guide values are proposed for tests to determine the boundary between a support-free secondary cooling zone and a reduced support guide in the secondary cooling zone. With strand formats smaller than about 150 x 150 mm 2 and a total length of the two fillets of a strand side of about 70% and more of the strand side dimension, as a rule, casting can be done without support. For strand sizes greater than about 150 x 150 mm 2 and having a straight section between the two fillets of about 30% and more of the strand side dimension, a support guide reduced in its support width and support length may be located in the secondary cooling zone. By means of the teaching according to the invention, on the one hand by an enlargement of the fillets, for example up to 100% of the side length of the strand cross-section, and on the other hand by the change in the degrees of curvature of the following hollow fillet arc, the bulging behavior of the strand after leaving the mold can be influenced so that opposite The prior art significantly larger strand formats even at higher casting speeds without support or with reduced support guide can be produced.
Hohlkehlbogen in der Umfangslinie des Formhohlraumquerschnittes können aus Kreislinien, zusammengesetzten Kreislinien etc. gestaltet werden. Zusätzliche Vorteile sind erreichbar, wenn die Hohlkehlbogen nicht tangential bzw. punktförmig an die geraden Abschnitte der Umfangslinie anschliessen. Gemäss einem weiteren Vorschlag kann ein Krümmungsverlauf entlang des Hohlkehlbogens gewählt werden, der auf einen maximalen Krümmungsgrad 1/R an- und von diesem wieder abschwillt. Der maximale Krümmungsgrad 1/R bei in Stranglaufrichtung sich folgenden Hohlkehlbogen kann sich stetig oder unstetig verkleinern. Für die Herstellung des Formhohlraumes mittels NC gesteuerten spanabhebenden Bearbeitungsmaschinen ist es zusätzlich vorteilhaft, wenn die Umfangslinien des Strangquerschnittes Hohlkehlbogen mit Krümmungsverläufen aufweisen, die einer mathematischen Funktion folgen und die auf einen maximalen Krümmungsgrad 1/R an- und von diesem wieder abschwellen, wie beispielsweise mathematische Funktionen wie Superkreis oder Superelipse.Cove fillets in the peripheral line of the cavity section can be made of circular lines, compound circular lines, etc. Additional benefits are achievable if the Hohlkehlbogen not tangentially or punctiform connect to the straight sections of the perimeter. According to a further proposal, a course of curvature can be selected along the Hohlkehlbogens on to a maximum degree of curvature 1 / R on and from this swells again. The maximum degree of curvature 1 / R in the direction of strand running following Hohlkehlbogen can steadily or discontinuously decrease. For the production of the mold cavity by means of NC-controlled cutting machines, it is additionally advantageous if the circumferential lines of the strand cross-section have fillets with curves of curvature that follow a mathematical function and which decrease to a maximum degree of curvature 1 / R and decrease again therefrom, such as mathematical Functions like super circle or superelipse.
Bei Hohlkehlbogen mit Hohlkehlmassen von 25 % und mehr der Seitenlänge des Strangquerschnittes können zusätzliche Vorteile erreicht werden, wenn der im Wesentlichen rechteckige Formhohlraumquerschnitt aus vier Bogenlinien besteht, die je etwa einen Viertel des Querschnittumfanges einschliessen und die Bogenlinien einer mathematischen Funktion folgen. Die mathematische Funktion
Die Umfangslinie des Strangquerschnittes kann auch aus mehreren Bogenlinien zusammengesetzt sein, wobei die Hohlkehlbogen einen Krümmungsverlauf aufweisen, der einer mathematischen Funktion, z.B. |X|n + |Y|n = |R|n folgt. Zwischen den Hohlkehlbogen angeordnete Abschnitte der Umfangslinie können schwach gekrümmte Bogenlinien aufweisen, wie in der
Je nach dem gewählten Giessformat und vorgesehener maximaler Giessgeschwindigkeit kann eine optimale Kokillenlänge bestimmt werden. Giessformate zwischen 120 x 120 mm2 und 160 x 160 mm2 lassen sich mit hohen Giessgeschwindigkeiten mit einer Kokillenlänge von ca. 1000 mm unter Weglassung einer Strangabstützung optimal giessen.Depending on the chosen casting format and the intended maximum casting speed, an optimal mold length can be determined. Casting formats between 120 x 120 mm 2 and 160 x 160 mm 2 can be optimally cast at high casting speeds with a mold length of approx. 1000 mm, omitting strand support.
Grosse Eckausrundungen im Formhohlraum schaffen nicht nur Vorteile beim Giessen mit einer Giesspulverabdeckung des Badspiegels. Mit zunehmender Grösse der Eckausrundung ist es auch möglich, die Rührwirkung im Badspiegel und im flüssigen Sumpf bei gleichbleibender elektrischer Rührerleistung zu erhöhen. Diese Möglichkeit, die Rührleistung durch die geometrische Gestaltung des Formhohlraumes zu verbessern, schafft zusätzliche konstruktive Freiheiten beim Einbau von Rührern in Knüppel- und Vorblockkokillen.Large corner fillets in the mold cavity not only provide benefits when casting with a Giesspulverabdeckung the bathroom mirror. With increasing size of the corner fillet, it is also possible to increase the stirring effect in the bath level and in the liquid bottom at a constant electric stirrer power. This ability to improve the stirring power through the geometric design of the mold cavity, creates additional design freedom in the installation of stirrers in billets and Vorblockkokillen.
Im Nachfolgenden werden anhand von Figuren Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung erläutert.In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained with reference to FIGS.
Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Teil einer Stranggiessanlage,
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht auf ein Kupferrohr einer Vorblockkokille,
- Fig. 3
- eine Draufsicht auf eine Eckausbildung eines Formhohlraumes mit Hohlkehlbogen,
- Fig.4
- eine Draufsicht auf ein Kupferohr mit Umfangslinien des Formhohlraumquer-Schnittes,
- Fig. 5
- eine Draufsicht auf ein Kupferrohr mit Umfangslinien eines weiteren Form-Hohlraumqurschnittes,
- Fig. 6
- einen Horizontalschnitt durch einen halben Strang in der Sekundärkühlzone,
- Fig. 7
- einen Horizontalschnitt durch ein anderes Beispiel eines halben Stranges in der Sekundärkühlzone und
- Fig. 8
- einen Horizontalschnitt durch einen halben Vorprofilstrang in der Sekundärkühl-Zone.
- Fig. 1
- a vertical section through a part of a continuous casting plant,
- Fig. 2
- a top view of a copper tube of a Vorblockkokille,
- Fig. 3
- a plan view of a corner formation of a mold cavity with a chamfer arch,
- Figure 4
- a top view of a copper pipe with peripheral lines of the mold cavity cross-section,
- Fig. 5
- a top view of a copper tube with peripheral lines of another form-cavity cross section,
- Fig. 6
- a horizontal section through a half strand in the secondary cooling zone,
- Fig. 7
- a horizontal section through another example of a half strand in the secondary cooling zone and
- Fig. 8
- a horizontal section through a half Vorprofilstrang in the secondary cooling zone.
In
In
In
Durch die Auswahl der Exponenten wird der Krümmungsgrad der sich in Stranglaufrichtung folgenden Hohlkehlbogen 23 - 23"" so verändert bzw. verkleinert, dass gezielt eine Spaltaufhebung zwischen der Strangschale und der Kokillenwand bzw. eine gezielte Strangschalenverformung im Bereich der Hohlkehlbogen 23, 23"" steuerbar ist. Diese Steuerung der Spaltaufhebung bzw. einer leichten Strangschalenumformung erlaubt es, den Sollwärmedurchgang zu kontrollieren, insbesondere wird aber eine Vergleichmässigung des Sollwärmedurchganges entlang der Hohlkehlbogen in allen Eckbereichen des Stranges beim Durchlauf durch den Formhohlraum erreicht.By selecting the exponents of the degree of curvature of the following in Stranglaufrichtung Hohlkehlbogen 23 - 23 "" changed or reduced so that targeted a gap suspension between the strand shell and the mold wall or a targeted strand shell deformation in the region of the
In
Für die Berechnung der Umfangslinien 51 - 51" ist folgende mathematische Funktion verwendet worden: |X|n + |Y|n = |R-t|n.For the calculation of the circumferential lines 51 - 51 ", the following mathematical function has been used: | X | n + | Y | n = | Rt | n .
Diesem Beispiel sind folgende Zahlenwerte zu Grunde gelegt:
Zur Erreichung einer Strangschalenverformung, insbesondere entlang der im Wesentlichen geraden Seitenwände zwischen den Eckbereichen (Convex Technology) entlang einer eingiessseitigen oberen Teillänge der Kokille, wird ein Exponent "n" bei der Bogenlinie 51 von 4 und bei der in Stranglaufrichtung sich folgenden Bogenlinie 51' von 5 gewählt. In einer unteren Teillänge der Kokille wird der Exponent 5 der Bogenlinie 51' auf 4,5 bei der Bogenlinie 51" verkleinert und damit eine optimale Eckkühlung erreicht.In order to achieve a strand shell deformation, in particular along the substantially straight side walls between the corner regions (Convex Technology) along an inflow-side upper part length of the mold, an exponent "n" at the
Diese Vergrösserung des Exponenten "n" von 4 auf 5 zeigt an, dass in der oberen Teillänge der Kokille eine Strangschalenverformung an den im Wesentlichen geraden Seitenwänden zwischen den Eckbereichen und in der unteren Teillänge der Kokille durch Verkleinerung des Exponenten "n" von 5 auf 4,5 ein optimaler Strangschalenkontakt und eventuell eine geringe Strangschalenverformung in den Eckbereichen des Formhohlraumes stattfindet.This enlargement of the exponent "n" from 4 to 5 indicates that in the upper part length of the mold a strand shell deformation at the substantially straight sidewalls between the corner regions and in the lower part length of the mold by reducing the exponent "n" from 5 to 4 , 5 an optimal strand shell contact and possibly a small strand shell deformation takes place in the corner regions of the mold cavity.
Alle Formhohlräume in den
In
Die Länge jeder Ausrundung 44 der Teilkurven 45 beträgt 50%, bzw. beide Ausrundungen 44 zusammen entsprechen 100 % des Strangseitenmasses 66. Pfeile 48 deuten den ferrostatischen Druck, der auf die Strangschale 61 wirkt, an. Die Summe der beiden Ausrundungen 44 der Teilkurven 45 sind grösser als 70 % des Strangseitenmasses 66 und eine Strangabstützung in der Sekundärkühlzone ist somit in diesem Beispiel nicht erforderlich.The length of each
In
In
In den
Claims (9)
- Continuous steel casting plant for billet and bloom formats, preferably with a substantially rectangular cross-section, wherein circumferential lines (51) of the die cavity cross-section of the permanent mould (4, 11, 62) are provided in the corners with fillet arcs (12, 13, 23, 51, 67, 68) and a secondary cooling device with spray nozzles (9) is arranged adjoining the permanent mould (4, 11, 62), and the liquid steel can be fed substantially vertically into the die cavity (10, 50, 63), characterised in that rounded-out portions (14, 15, 44, 76) of the fillet arcs (12, 13, 23, 51, 67, 68) account for 20% or more of the side length (16) of the slab cross-section, the rounded-out portions (14, 15, 44, 76) have a curvature course that increases to a maximum degree of curvature 1/R and then decreases and that in the moving direction of the slab along the die cavity the maximum degree of curvature 1/R of the fillet arc (23, 51, 67, 68) is reduced continuously or discontinuously in such a way that the slab shell (61, 71) deforms in the region of the fillet arcs (12, 13, 23, 51, 67, 68), and that the permanent mould (4, 11, 62) with side lengths (16) of the slab cross-section up to about 150 mm adjoins a secondary cooling zone without guide support, and with side lengths (16) of the slab cross-section greater than about 150 mm, the secondary cooling zone adjoining the permanent mould (4, 11, 62) is equipped with a support guide, the support width of which is restricted to roller lengths that correspond substantially to straight sections (17, 84) between the fillet arcs (14, 15, 83) and the supporting length of which in the moving direction of the slab is reduced in the secondary cooling zone.
- Continuous steel casting plant according to claim 1, characterised in that the secondary cooling zone without slab support is arranged in the case of an overall length of the rounded-out portions (14, 15, 64, 76) of the two fillet arcs (12, 13, 23, 51, 67, 68) associated with a slab side, of about 70% or more of the dimension of the slab side (16).
- Continuous steel casting plant according to claim 1, characterised in that the support guidance, reduced as regards its support width and its support length in the moving direction of the slab, is arranged in the secondary cooling zone in the case of a length of the straight section (17) of more than about 30% of the dimension of the slab side between the two fillet arcs (12, 13, 23, 51, 67, 68) associated with a slab side.
- Continuous steel casting plant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the substantially rectangular die cavity cross-section consists of four fillet arcs (51), each of which encloses approximately a quarter of the circumference of the cross-section and in that the fillet arcs (51) obey the mathematical function
- Continuous steel casting plant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the fillet arcs (67) have curvature courses which obey the mathematical function |x|n + |Y|n |R|n and in that sections of the circumferential line arranged between the fillet arcs (67) have slightly curved bow lines (70), the degree of curvature of which decreases at least on a partial length of the permanent mould in the moving direction of the slab and thereby deforms the slab shell as it passes through the partial length.
- Continuous steel casting plant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the die cavity is provided towards the exit of the permanent mould with a casting conicity according to the mathematical formula |X|n + |Y|n = |R - t|n, t being a measure of the conicity.
- Continuous steel casting plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the cavity of the permanent mould (10, 50, 63) has a length of approximately 1000 mm.
- Continuous steel casting plant according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that spray nozzles (9) are arranged immediately adjoining the permanent mould (4), which cool the slab uniformly.
- Continuous steel casting plant according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the permanent mould (4) is provided with electromagnetic stirring devices (8), in particular of a kind which cause the steel bath in the region of the permanent mould to execute a horizontally circulatory motion.
Priority Applications (25)
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SI200430773T SI1676658T1 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Continuous steel casting plant for billets and blooms |
PL04030926T PL1676658T3 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Continuous steel casting plant for billets and blooms |
PT04030926T PT1676658E (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Continuous steel casting plant for billets and blooms |
ES04030926T ES2304578T3 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | INSTALLATION OF CONTINUOUS STEEL COLADA FOR BANK FORMATS AND WEAR. |
AT04030926T ATE392280T1 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | CONTINUOUS STEEL CASTING SYSTEM FOR BILLET AND BLOCK FORMATS |
DE502004006866T DE502004006866D1 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Steel caster for billet and billet formats |
EP04030926A EP1676658B1 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | Continuous steel casting plant for billets and blooms |
CA2588521A CA2588521C (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-12-07 | Continuous steel casting installation for billet and bloom formats |
BRPI0519311-7A BRPI0519311A2 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-12-07 | continuous steel caster installation for billet and block formats |
CN2005800453833A CN101137454B (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-12-07 | Steel continuous casting plant for billet and cogged ingot formats |
PCT/EP2005/013078 WO2006072311A1 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-12-07 | Continuous steel casting installation for billet and bloom formats |
JP2007548712A JP4890469B2 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-12-07 | Continuous cast steel equipment for billet and bloom shapes |
UAA200708664A UA90879C2 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-12-07 | continuous steel casting installation for billet and bloom formats |
MX2007006949A MX2007006949A (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-12-07 | Continuous steel casting installation for billet and bloom formats. |
RU2007128951/02A RU2388572C2 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-12-07 | Continuous casting unit for billets or blooms |
KR1020077013312A KR101247154B1 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-12-07 | Continuous steel casting installation for billet and bloom formats |
MYPI20055950A MY138306A (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-12-16 | Continuous steel casting plant for billets and blooms |
TW094146255A TWI290071B (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-12-23 | Steel continuous casting plant for billet and cogged ingot formats |
HR20070220A HRP20070220B1 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2007-05-15 | Continuous steel casting installatin for billet and bloom formats |
ZA200704241A ZA200704241B (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2007-05-24 | Continuous steel casting installation for billet and bloom formats |
TNP2007000205A TNSN07205A1 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2007-05-24 | Continuous steel casting installation for billet and bloom formats |
NO20072606A NO20072606L (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2007-05-24 | Continuous stable stuffing installation for subject and block formats |
EGNA2007000663 EG24634A (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2007-06-25 | Continuous steel casting installation for billet and bloom formats |
US11/771,784 US7631684B2 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2007-06-29 | Continuous casting plant |
MA30068A MA29146B1 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2007-07-12 | CONTINUOUS STEEL CASTING INSTALLATION FOR BILLET AND BLOOM FORMATS |
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EP (1) | EP1676658B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4890469B2 (en) |
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CN (1) | CN101137454B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE392280T1 (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2588521C (en) |
DE (1) | DE502004006866D1 (en) |
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EP2394757B1 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2018-12-12 | Toho Titanium CO., LTD. | Process for the production of a titanium slab for hot rolling produced by electron-beam melting furnace |
ES2557491T3 (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2016-01-26 | Concast Ag | Shelf for continuous casting of preliminary profiles, in particular preliminary profiles in double T |
CN102198494A (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2011-09-28 | 上海亚新冶金设备有限公司 | Novel rectangular casting blank section |
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-
2004
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TWI290071B (en) | 2007-11-21 |
CN101137454A (en) | 2008-03-05 |
UA90879C2 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
NO20072606L (en) | 2007-07-19 |
PT1676658E (en) | 2008-07-28 |
HRP20070220A2 (en) | 2007-07-31 |
US7631684B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 |
MY138306A (en) | 2009-05-29 |
KR101247154B1 (en) | 2013-03-29 |
BRPI0519311A2 (en) | 2009-01-06 |
CA2588521C (en) | 2011-03-15 |
PL1676658T3 (en) | 2008-09-30 |
EP1676658A1 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
HRP20070220B1 (en) | 2011-12-31 |
TW200631694A (en) | 2006-09-16 |
MX2007006949A (en) | 2007-08-02 |
CA2588521A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
WO2006072311A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
RU2388572C2 (en) | 2010-05-10 |
ATE392280T1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
US20080230202A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
RU2007128951A (en) | 2009-02-10 |
EG24634A (en) | 2010-03-10 |
KR20070086125A (en) | 2007-08-27 |
ES2304578T3 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
JP2008525199A (en) | 2008-07-17 |
MA29146B1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
ZA200704241B (en) | 2008-09-25 |
SI1676658T1 (en) | 2008-10-31 |
JP4890469B2 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
CN101137454B (en) | 2010-05-26 |
TNSN07205A1 (en) | 2008-11-21 |
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