EP0299642A1 - Elektrostatisch aktivierte Schaltvorrichtung - Google Patents

Elektrostatisch aktivierte Schaltvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0299642A1
EP0299642A1 EP88305850A EP88305850A EP0299642A1 EP 0299642 A1 EP0299642 A1 EP 0299642A1 EP 88305850 A EP88305850 A EP 88305850A EP 88305850 A EP88305850 A EP 88305850A EP 0299642 A1 EP0299642 A1 EP 0299642A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gating mechanism
set forth
mechanical
electrostatically activated
decision making
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88305850A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0299642B1 (de
Inventor
John Chu
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AT88305850T priority Critical patent/ATE74178T1/de
Publication of EP0299642A1 publication Critical patent/EP0299642A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0299642B1 publication Critical patent/EP0299642B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00658—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B2047/0048—Circuits, feeding, monitoring
    • E05B2047/0057—Feeding
    • E05B2047/0062—Feeding by generator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electro­statically activated gating mechanism such as a lock mechanism wherein a user inserts a key, mechanical or electronic, or enters a code via push-buttons, a touch-pad or the like, an electronic decision making apparatus such as a microcomputer decides whether the key or code is correct, and a function is allowed to be performed only if the key or code is correct.
  • an electro­statically activated gating mechanism such as a lock mechanism wherein a user inserts a key, mechanical or electronic, or enters a code via push-buttons, a touch-pad or the like
  • an electronic decision making apparatus such as a microcomputer decides whether the key or code is correct, and a function is allowed to be performed only if the key or code is correct.
  • a number of sophisticated electronic lock systems have been developed over the past several years.
  • the user inserts a key, often in the nature of a plastic card having an identifying code magnetically or optically stored thereon, into a slot.
  • the code is read and if the code is correct powered electrical/electronic apparatus will perform such functions as raising a bar to allow a car to drive into a garage, asking the cardholder to enter data onto a keyboard or a touch pad as in automatic teller machines, allowing the user to turn a handle to enter a hotel room, etc.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift 2324392, PCT International Publication Number WO 80/02710 and U.S. Patent 4,433,355 all show the use of in-the-door electrical generators to power electronic decision makers and to move bolts or gates which allow latches to be moved. All of such apparatus, however, utilize magnetic fields (e.g., solenoids) which require that an electric current be sustained in their coils whereby power is continuously consumed. Thus, such apparatus requires the generation of considerable power. And, to generate such power various gearing must be provided along with springs, etc.
  • the present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems as set forth above.
  • an electrostatically activated gating mechanism includes electrical energy generating means for generating electrical energy in response to and utilizing energy derived from mechanical motion consciously generated by an intelligent agency.
  • An electronic decision making apparatus solely powered by the electrical energy generated by the electrical energy generating means is adapted to receive information, to make one of a set of possible decisions based thereon, and to generate a specific low power electrical output in response to a selected one of the set of possible decisions being made.
  • a mechanical gate having at least two positions serves as a part of the mechanism. Electrical to mechanical energy converting means serve for electrostatically converting the low power electrical power output into a minute mechanical force/movement and for applying the minute mechanical force/movement to position the gate in a selected one of the positions.
  • Electrostatic forces such as electrostatic attraction/repulsion or piezoelectric material flexure are in general weak forces as compared to electro­magnetic forces and therefore such forces are not commonly exploited to do mechanical work. Because of the extremely low power consumption required to set up electrostatic attraction/repulsion or piezoelectric material flexure such forces are of great importance to the present invention.
  • An electronic system will generally cease to function when its power source fails.
  • a gating mechanism in accordance with the present invention does not suffer from this problem.
  • the design utilizes very low power electronics such as those utilized in electronic watches and solar cell powered calculators. Such electronics can perform very complex tasks with extremely low power consumption.
  • Such electronics can perform very complex tasks with extremely low power consumption.
  • the energy needed for energizing the gate is electrostatic and low and does not need to be constantly applied whereby a user is not required to exert any more effort than is presently used in gaining access through a door. The savings in installation costs are so great, along with the quiet operation, as to make such systems practical for almost all hotel rooms.
  • FIG. 1a and 1b An electrostatically activated gating mechanism 10 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Figures 1a and 1b.
  • Electrical energy generating means 12 or 12′ is shown which serves for generating electrical energy in response to and utilizing energy derived from mechanical motion consciously generated by an intelligent agency.
  • the mechanical motion which leads to the generation of electrical energy may be via pushing of a key 14 or 14′ into a lock 16 or 16′ which serves as mechanical motion detecting means.
  • the key 14 for example, includes mechanical coding thereon in the nature of the shape and positioning of the various teeth 18.
  • the key 14′ includes electronic coding thereon, for example magnetically stored information stored on a strip 20. Alternatively, optical coding such as bar codes, holes in cards, or the like, may be used to store the information on the key 14′.
  • the mechanical motion is that of shoving the key 14 or 14′ into the lock 16 or 16′.
  • This mechanical motion is utilized to power an electric generator 22 (which can be of a light construction because of the minute energy requirement and, hence, can be quiet and can be operated by relatively slight mechanical motion) which in turn powers an electronic decision making apparatus 24 such as an appropriately designed integrated circuit which may include a non-volatile memory.
  • Information is received by the electronic decision making apparatus 24 via an appropriate data acquisition interface 26 which converts the user input into an electronic code readable by the electronic decision making apparatus 24. The information would be, for example, whether the key 14 has properly shaped and/or positioned teeth 18 or whether the strip 20 has a proper magnetic or other code on it or whether the proper code has been entered on the buttons 30 of Figure 1b.
  • the electronic decision making apparatus 24 based upon the data which it receives via the data acquisition interface 26, and upon the contents of the memory if it includes a memory, selects one of a set of possible decisions and generates a specific low power electrical output when a selected one of the set of possible decisions has been made.
  • a feedback loop 31 can be included in the low power electronic decision making apparatus 24 to make it a general "state machine" as required in certain applications in which the output response depends on the previous state the system is in, e.g., the insertion of the first key sets up the state in which a second key is read before effecting any unlocking, as in the case of the lock on a safety deposit box in a bank or hotel.
  • the state machine will not be complete without the additional feedback path from the outputs of the mechanical gate 28 to the data acquisition interface 26.
  • Electrical to mechanical energy converting means 27 serves for electrostatically converting the low power electrical output from the electronic decision making apparatus 24, and any additional energy from the electric generator 22 as controlled by the electronic decision makaing apparatus 24, into a minute mechanical force/movement and for applying the aforementioned minute mechanical force/movement to position a mechanical gate 28, having at least two positions, into a selected one of such positions.
  • a mechanical gate 28 having at least two positions, into a selected one of such positions.
  • Figure 1b illustrates an embodiment of the invention wherein an electric generator 22 is not needed. Instead, alternative electrical energy generating means 12′ is utilized.
  • the alternate electrical energy generating means 12′ may comprise a series of buttons or touch pad areas 30 which serve tow functions. First, they detect mechanical motion and generate energy piezoelectrically, which electrical energy powers the low power electronics 24. Second, they generate information which passes via the data acquisition interface 26 to the low power electronics 24, which information can be processed or compared with information in the memory of the electronic decision making apparatus 24.
  • the user taps out a user code he is not only inputting the code but is also generating the energy for processing that code or comparing it with the code stored in memory. Thereafter, operation is like that of Figure 1a.
  • the energy to operate the electronic decision making apparatus 24 can be generated independently of the energy to operate the electrical to mechanical energy converting means 27, for example by turning a door knob.
  • the data acquisition interface 26 serves to translate various parameters of the physical world, such as temperature, pressure, displacement , velocity, acceleration, position, tilt, luminescence, conductance, kinetic or potential energy, electrical potential, etc., detected by an appropriate sensor(s) into electrical signals that can be read by the electronic decision making apparatus 24.
  • CMOS Complementary metal-oxide-silicon
  • the intelligent agency which consciously generates the mechanical motion from which energy is derived by the electrical energy generating means 12 and 12′ may be a human, an animal or a robot.
  • a human putting a key 14 or 14′ into a lock, a fish pulling on a fishing line, or a robot performing, for example, an assembly function all operate via conscious decisions and constitute intelligent agencies.
  • line 32 represents mechanical energy applying means for applying mechanical energy to accomplish a desired result when the gate 28 is in the selected one of its positions.
  • the gate 28 when the gate 28 is in the selected position the user may be enabled to turn a knob or lever to open a door.
  • Figures 2 and 3a-3d illustrate particular mechanical energy applying means 32 in the nature of door opening hardware and which includes a user identification system such as the teeth 18 on the key 14, the magnetic coating strip 20 on the key 14′, or the buttons 30 on the lock 16′, in conjunction with the data acquisition interface 26 and the electronic decision making apparatus 24 and its memory.
  • the output of the electronic decision making apparatus 24 ( Figure 2) either brings together or forces apart two plate electrodes 34a and 34b separated by a dielectric 36 which is generally on the surface of at least one of the plate electrodes.
  • the electronic decision making apparatus 24 utilizes the low power electrical output therefrom to either charge the plates 34a and 34b with the same charge or to charge one with a positive charge and the other with a negative charge.
  • the plates repel one another.
  • the plates attract one another.
  • the attractive electrostatic force can overcome the weight of the lower electrode 34b and, as the upper electrode 34a is moved upwardly it brings the lower electrode 34b along with it.
  • Figure 3a shows the same plate electrodes rotated 90° so that their flat surfaces are vertical.
  • the plate electrodes 34a, 34b are located within a fixed tube 38 with a slot 40 cut along its midsection (Figure 3b).
  • the tube 38 is in turn located within another rotatable tube 42 ( Figure 3c).
  • the tube 42 has a ball bearing 44 inserted in it.
  • the tubes 38 and 42 form a bearing system which is designed in such a way that the ball bearing 44 is constrained to travel, as tube 42 rotates around tube 38, along slot 40.
  • the plate electrode 34a and the tube 42 are mechanically coupled to the handled or door knob of the lock 16 or 16′ in such a way that as the handle or the door knob is turned the tube 42 rotates and the plate electrode 34a travels along the axis perpendicular to its flat surfaces.
  • the sequence of events leading to unlocking the door is as follows. At rest, the plate electrode 34a is pressed aginst the plate electrode 34b with a spring (not shown) to achieve maximum surface contact.
  • a spring not shown
  • part of the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy to power the electronic decision making apparatus 24.
  • the electronics processes the key code or the push button sequence to determine whether to unlock or stay locked.
  • the mechanical energy of the first part of the handle or knob turning is converted into electrical energy and, depending on the result of the electronic data processing, charges of either the opposite polarity (in the case of unlocking) or the same polarity (in the case of staying locked) are dumped onto the plate electrodes 34a and 34b.
  • the plate electrode 34b is dragged along by the plate electrode 34a as the plate electrode 34a travels to the right as a result of the handle or door knob being turned.
  • the plate electrode 34b eventually ends up at position 45 as shown in Figure 3d.
  • the tube 42 has been continuously rotating as a result of the handle or door knob being turned.
  • the ball bearing 44 in most part of its travel does not protrude beyond the inner surface of the tube 38, but does so soon after the plate electrode 34b has arrived at its final position. As the ball bearing 44 travels on it soon arrives at a branching point of the slot 40.
  • the tolerance of the design, with the plate electrode 34b at position 45, only allows the ball bearing 44 to travel along the lefthand branch of the slot 40. Further turning of the handle or the door knob beyond this point activates the unlatching mechanism of the lock.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b considered in conjunction with 3d illustrate still another embodiment of the invention.
  • a deadbolt 78 is attached to a metal bar 70b through a hinge 76, the metal bar 70b is attached to a metal bar 70a at a hinge 73 and the metal bar 70a is attached to part of the stationary lock hardware 74 via a hinge 75.
  • a protrusion 71 of the metal bar 70a prevents it from rotating counterclockwise beyond a point at which the protrusion 71 comes into contact with the metal bar 70b.
  • the deadbolt 78 is further constrained by design to travel only linearly in the direction 88.
  • the metal bars 70a and 70b are constrained so as to move (rotate) in the directions 87a and 87b, respectively.
  • the output of the electronic decision making apparatus causes the plate electrode 34b to take the position 46 (in case of staying locked) or 45 (in case of unlocking). Only after that, does the pin 81, which is mechanically coupled to the door knob, start to travel in the direction 86 in an effort to pull down the hinge 73 via a spring 80 and a pin 72, which is an integral part of metal bar 70b. Shortly after that the full mechanical force applied to the door knob is brought to bear on pulling the deadbolt 78 back along the direction 88a.
  • the hinge 73 is free to be pulled down by the pin 81 via the spring 80 and pin 72 to allow the retraction of the deadbolt 78 along the direction 88a.
  • the hinge 73 cannot be pulled down because pin 84, which is an integral part of metal bar 70a, hits the top of the plate electrode 34b and subsequent further application of force in turning the door knob will not be able to retract the deadbolt 78 along the direction 88a.
  • Metal bars 70a and 70b can be designed to assume almost 0° alignment in the latter (staying unlocked) scenario so that as long as the hinges 73, 75 and 76 hold, the force needed to force the retraction of the deadbolt 78 would be the same as that of the breaking point of either of the metal bars, 70a and 70b.
  • a dynamo-electric generator 112 which can be used to generate electrical energy is shown in Figure 5.
  • the dynamo-electric generator 112 comprises a flat, round bobbin 114, wound with magnet wire 116, sandwiched between two ferromagnetic sheet metal crosses 118 and 120.
  • the crosses 118,120 are bent at the ends and are riveted together so that they form a single ferromagnetic component through which magnetic flux can flow.
  • the bent ends of the crosses 118 and 120, sticking above and beyond the top surface of the bobbin 114 form the boundary of a circular well flanked by eight ferromagnetic poles.
  • spinning around a shaft (not shown) on a washer-­bearing 122 is an eight-pole ceramic ring magnet 100 magnetized into north and south poles alternately along the circumference.
  • Step-up gears are used to translate the mechanical energy, for example, in turning a door knob, into fast one-way spinning of the magnet (around 50 turns per second).
  • the two groups of sheet metal poles change magnetic polarity once for every 45° turn of the magnet and this flux change cuts through the magnet wire winding 116 to generate alternate electric voltage with a waveform shown in Figure 8.
  • the AC voltage on the magnet wire terminals is rectified through a full-wave rectifier to charge a 1,000 microfarad capacitor, one consistently gets, from a single turning of the door knob, more than 10V across the capacitor.
  • piezoelectric means An alternative way of generating electrical energy is via piezoelectric means.
  • Commercially available piezoelectric gas igniters may be readily adapted to such use.
  • the igniter comprises a piezoelectric ceramic plug and a metal hammer driven by a spring-loaded trigger. As a push-button is pressed it cocks the trigger and releases the hammer with great velocity. Upon impact the piezoelectric ceramic plug emits a short pulse of electrical energy with such high voltage (in the order of tens of kilovolts) that arcing results when the electrodes are brought close together.
  • One preferable electrostatically activated gating mechanism 210 is shown in Figures 7a, 7b and 7d. It behaves electrically like a capacitor: charge is dumped across the capacitor-like electrodes to effect the gating action and as long as the charge remains (until it leaks away or is shorted to ground) the electromechanical gating mechanism 210 stays functional.
  • the electrostatic plates or plate electrodes 34a,34b used in the embodiment of Figures 2 and 3a-3d is such a device.
  • the electrostatic plates 34a,34b are however rather difficult to make since they require very high polish, flatness and cleanliness.
  • Piezoelectric devices are alternative and preferred electrostatic devices for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice versa.
  • a bimorph consists of two laminated piezoelectric strips such that when voltage is applied one strip lengthens while the other shrinks, resulting in flexure.
  • Figures 7a, 7b and 7d show a bimorph structure 211 made of two back-to-back bimorphs 212 clamped together at one end 214, and a locking bar 128 consisting of a member 216 made of insulating material and a metal member 218.
  • a slot 220 slightly wider (say, by one thousandth of an inch) than the width of the bimorph structure 211 is in the insulating member 216 of the locking bar 128 and the bimorph structure 211 is inserted into the slot 220.
  • the insulating member 216 of the locking bar 128 ensures that the charge across the bimorph structure 211 does not leak away.
  • the metal member 218 of the locking bar 128 is used to engage or disengage the inside wall of the cylindrical hole in the steering column of an automobile, as in the case of an ignition lock plug shown in Figure 7c, which is to be explained later, or the latch bolt of a door lock to effect locking and unlocking in the manner illustrated elsewhere, e.g., in Figures 3b-3d or 4a-4b.
  • Figure 7c shows an ignition lock plug 126 used in many General Motors car models over many years.
  • a locking bar 128 (equivalent to the mechanical gate 28 in Figures 1a and 1b) in a cylindrical casing 130 stays in the locked position (away from the center of the plug 126) when no key or a wrong key has been inserted into the keyway 131.
  • the locking bar 128 pops into an "unlocked" position (towards the center of the plug 126).
  • this minute, in-and-out displacement of the locking bar 128 is sufficient to effect locking and unlocking that protect millions upon millions of automobiles.
  • Figure 7d illustrates use of the electrostatically activated gating mechanism 210 with the ignition lock plug 126 of Figure 7c. For clarity, only the electrostatically activated gating mechanism 210 is illustrated.
  • Figures 8a and 8b show a similar construction with a cylindrical piezoelectric block 324 instead of the bimorph structure 211.
  • the diameter of the cylinder 324 undergoes changes when voltage is applied to it. This phenomenon is used to cause the same "binding" effect (as illustrated in Figure 8b) described above to raise a locking bar 318.
  • piezoelectric devices can be used in locks, e.g., in Figures 7a, 7b and 7d one of the bimorphs 212 in the bimorph structure 211 can be replaced by a strip of ordinary ceramic or some other material; the binding action can be replaced by movement of latches or the like.
  • a common denominator of these devices is that the initial physical displacement or flexure is in general quite small.
  • the device Once the voltage is applied across the piezoelectric device, for example, by a charged-up capacitor, the device functions as long as the capacitor stays charged. This means that once the electronic decision making apparatus 24 in the system has activated the piezoelectric device, the lock can stay unlocked for many minutes, even many hours. The voltage can of course be readily removed after the lock has been unlocked by closing a switch across the charged-up-capacitor voltage source.
  • An electrostatically activated gating mechanism 10 in accordance with the present invention finds use in systems that can serve as a door lock, can provide automatic gear shifting for bicycles as by detecting slope, speed or the like, can provide an intelligent drag system for fishing reels, can provide power for running of electronic cash registers or slot machines and for various electro-mechanical toys in the absence of electrical power or batteries.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Control Of Position Or Direction (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
EP88305850A 1987-07-16 1988-06-28 Elektrostatisch aktivierte Schaltvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0299642B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88305850T ATE74178T1 (de) 1987-07-16 1988-06-28 Elektrostatisch aktivierte schaltvorrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7426187A 1987-07-16 1987-07-16
US74261 1987-07-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0299642A1 true EP0299642A1 (de) 1989-01-18
EP0299642B1 EP0299642B1 (de) 1992-03-25

Family

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EP88305850A Expired - Lifetime EP0299642B1 (de) 1987-07-16 1988-06-28 Elektrostatisch aktivierte Schaltvorrichtung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0299642B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6490375A (de)
AT (1) ATE74178T1 (de)
AU (1) AU1850888A (de)
DE (1) DE3869502D1 (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4000643A1 (de) * 1989-10-20 1991-04-25 Fliether Karl Gmbh & Co Tuerschloss, insbesondere einsteckschloss
WO1993018257A1 (de) * 1992-03-02 1993-09-16 EVVA-WERK SPEZIALERZEUGUNG VON ZYLINDER- UND SICHERHEITSSCHLÖSSERN GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. & Co. KOMMANDITGESELLSCHAFT Energieversorgungseinrichtung
ES2080639A1 (es) * 1992-12-31 1996-02-01 Medina Orencio Robaina Llave electronica universal de claves multiples.
ES2080638A1 (es) * 1992-12-14 1996-02-01 Robaina Medina Orencio Cerradura universal.
EP0701036A1 (de) * 1993-05-12 1996-03-13 NUNUPAROV, Martyn Sergeevich Elektronisches schloss "chiplock"
DE19519789A1 (de) * 1995-06-02 1996-12-05 Bks Gmbh Schloß mit Schließzylinder
DE19823668A1 (de) * 1998-05-20 1999-12-02 Herrmann Datensysteme Gmbh Sicherheitseinrichtung für eine mindestens im Verschlußbereich eigensteife Verpackung, Umhüllung oder dergleichen
WO2007060131A2 (de) * 2005-11-24 2007-05-31 Palladio Systeme Gmbh Elektromechanischer schliesszylinder und verfahren zur entriegelungssteuerung eines elektromechanischen schliesszylinders
CN114459440A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-05-10 上海龙纺避雷检测技术有限公司 一种手持式测距仪
WO2023079582A1 (en) * 2021-11-04 2023-05-11 Cisa S.P.A. Electric lock

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005022930A1 (de) * 2005-05-15 2006-11-16 Gunter Kries Kontaktzustandsabhängiges Verriegelungssystem

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2324392A1 (de) * 1973-05-14 1974-12-05 Recognition Devices Tuerschloss mit elektronischer kennung
WO1980002710A1 (en) * 1979-05-30 1980-12-11 Thelin Handel Id Select Electronic lock
US4433355A (en) * 1980-03-04 1984-02-21 Yale Security Products Ltd. Electronic locks for doors

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2324392A1 (de) * 1973-05-14 1974-12-05 Recognition Devices Tuerschloss mit elektronischer kennung
WO1980002710A1 (en) * 1979-05-30 1980-12-11 Thelin Handel Id Select Electronic lock
US4433355A (en) * 1980-03-04 1984-02-21 Yale Security Products Ltd. Electronic locks for doors

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4000643B4 (de) * 1989-10-20 2004-04-29 Karl Fliether Gmbh & Co. Kg Türschloß, insbesondere Einsteckschloß
DE4000643A1 (de) * 1989-10-20 1991-04-25 Fliether Karl Gmbh & Co Tuerschloss, insbesondere einsteckschloss
WO1993018257A1 (de) * 1992-03-02 1993-09-16 EVVA-WERK SPEZIALERZEUGUNG VON ZYLINDER- UND SICHERHEITSSCHLÖSSERN GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. & Co. KOMMANDITGESELLSCHAFT Energieversorgungseinrichtung
ES2080638A1 (es) * 1992-12-14 1996-02-01 Robaina Medina Orencio Cerradura universal.
ES2080639A1 (es) * 1992-12-31 1996-02-01 Medina Orencio Robaina Llave electronica universal de claves multiples.
EP0701036A1 (de) * 1993-05-12 1996-03-13 NUNUPAROV, Martyn Sergeevich Elektronisches schloss "chiplock"
EP0701036A4 (de) * 1993-05-12 1996-08-28 Martyn Sergeevich Nunuparov Elektronisches schloss "chiplock"
DE19519789A1 (de) * 1995-06-02 1996-12-05 Bks Gmbh Schloß mit Schließzylinder
DE19519789B4 (de) * 1995-06-02 2007-06-21 Bks Gmbh Schloß mit Schließzylinder
DE19823668A1 (de) * 1998-05-20 1999-12-02 Herrmann Datensysteme Gmbh Sicherheitseinrichtung für eine mindestens im Verschlußbereich eigensteife Verpackung, Umhüllung oder dergleichen
WO2007060131A2 (de) * 2005-11-24 2007-05-31 Palladio Systeme Gmbh Elektromechanischer schliesszylinder und verfahren zur entriegelungssteuerung eines elektromechanischen schliesszylinders
WO2007060131A3 (de) * 2005-11-24 2007-10-11 Palladio Systeme Gmbh Elektromechanischer schliesszylinder und verfahren zur entriegelungssteuerung eines elektromechanischen schliesszylinders
WO2023079582A1 (en) * 2021-11-04 2023-05-11 Cisa S.P.A. Electric lock
CN114459440A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-05-10 上海龙纺避雷检测技术有限公司 一种手持式测距仪
CN114459440B (zh) * 2021-12-31 2024-02-09 上海龙纺避雷检测技术有限公司 一种手持式测距仪

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0299642B1 (de) 1992-03-25
AU1850888A (en) 1989-01-27
JPS6490375A (en) 1989-04-06
ATE74178T1 (de) 1992-04-15
DE3869502D1 (de) 1992-04-30

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