EP0299133B1 - Method for tunnel driving and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents
Method for tunnel driving and device for carrying out the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0299133B1 EP0299133B1 EP87890173A EP87890173A EP0299133B1 EP 0299133 B1 EP0299133 B1 EP 0299133B1 EP 87890173 A EP87890173 A EP 87890173A EP 87890173 A EP87890173 A EP 87890173A EP 0299133 B1 EP0299133 B1 EP 0299133B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- chamber
- mixture
- opening
- pressure shield
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/13—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms using hydraulic or pneumatic conveying means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
- E21D9/0657—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end structurally associated with rock crushers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
- E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for tunneling in different geological formations, namely non-stable, uneven soils below the water table, the face constantly with the required back pressure through a medium such as water and / or a thixotropic liquid when propelling or air during pausing breaks, for example for repair purposes acted upon and in any case by means of a removal tool located in front of the printing plate, with the formation of overburden, whereby the mixture of overburden in the medium formed in the chamber between the working face and the printing plate is conveyed away and the mining space from the tunnel that has already been driven over in a pressure-tight manner the print shield can be sealed off.
- a medium such as water and / or a thixotropic liquid when propelling or air during pausing breaks
- the invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method with a pressure plate, with a removal tool attached in front of it in the direction of advance and with a conveying line for the flowable mixture, with a storage space, which is sealed off from the tunnel which has already been driven, in the direction of advance behind the pressure plate and which is arranged with the chamber is communicatively connected via an opening in the printing plate, the receiving-side end of a mechanical conveyor being arranged between the removal tool and the printing plate, which is led through the opening in the printing plate and extends with its discharge-side end into the storage space, and in which Storage space is connected to the mechanical conveyor a stone crusher, which is connected pressure-tight to the delivery line.
- Such a method is carried out by means of known so-called hydroshield devices, which is particularly advantageous because the entire tunnel is only under atmospheric pressure and compressed air diseases of the operating personnel can thus be avoided.
- the overburden contains, for example, stones, foreign bodies or other larger parts which, after accumulation of a certain volume must be manually removed from the chamber in front of the printing plate.
- This is done in that the liquid level of the medium is lowered to the tunnel base by pumping and this extraction space or the chamber is placed under compressed air so that an operator can be introduced through the security gate into the space between the face and pressure wall to manually remove the larger parts to eliminate.
- a device of the type mentioned at the outset can be found, for example, in DE-U-85 30 392, a stone crusher being additionally arranged in the storage space under the discharge end of the mechanical conveyor, on which a delivery line for liquid transport of the mixture is arranged, which is led out of the storage space in a pressure-tight manner to the tunnel that has already been driven, which should make it unnecessary for operating personnel to step in to remove coarse rock.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a method and a device for carrying out the method, with which, even when larger parts, such as stones, foreign bodies or the like, occur, the tunnel can be continuously switched to dry transport in liquid transport, if necessary.
- the method according to the invention is essentially characterized in that, for the purpose of liquid transport when the pressure shield is sealed off in a pressure-tight manner, the flowable mixture comprising water and / or the thixotropic liquid is preferably mechanically arranged in a direction of advance behind the pressure shield and communicating with the chamber via a
- the first opening connected and from the tunnel that has already been driven in a pressure-tight manner is transported for the compressed air that the larger parts, such as stones, foreign bodies or the like, are separated from the mixture in the storage space and the separated larger parts are mechanically shredded and again in shredded form Mixture are supplied and the flowable mixture is transported away from the storage space in a pressure-tight manner via a delivery line, and that for the purpose of dry transport the pourable over
- a device for carrying out the method is essentially based on the above-mentioned embodiment characterized in that a coarse sieve for the larger parts in the mixture is arranged above a collecting container for the sieve passage in the storage space under the discharge end of the mechanical conveyor Collection container a delivery line for liquid transport of the mixture is arranged, which is led out pressure-tight from the storage space to the tunnel that has already been driven, that the coarse screen is assigned a stone crusher for the screenings, which is connected to the delivery line, and that the storage space via a a second opening, closed by a closing door, can be opened towards the tunnel, a mechanical second conveyor being insertable through the second opening when the closing door is open, below the discharge end of the first conveyor.
- the invention thus proposes a method and a device for carrying out the method in which the working face is supported hydrostatically, but the liquid level of the medium is not loaded under compressed air, as in known methods, between the pressure wall and a plunger wall arranged in front of it in which a pressure storage space led out through the first opening in the pressure plate, but otherwise sealed, takes over the function of the accumulator that is loaded with compressed air.
- larger stones, boulders or the like which occasionally appear up to the bottom of the chamber or the tunnel bottom of the mining space, can occasionally transport larger stones, boulders or the like into the storage space, where they are separated and mechanically crushed and then returned to the liquid transport circuit are fed.
- the construction of the device can also be kept shorter in the invention and the operating personnel introduced into the chamber through the personal lock can more easily get through the baffle not present there in order to carry out any repair or other work.
- the storage space can be opened and a second mechanical conveyor can be introduced quickly and easily through the second opening that has become free, and preferably up to below the discharge end of the first mechanical conveyor in the storage space, so that continuous dry conveying to the available soil - dolly or the like can be performed.
- the first conveyor is a screw conveyor, a belt conveyor or a chain or chain scraper conveyor, with a screw conveyor being able to compensate for earth pressure by selecting the pitch of the screw and the speed.
- This is preferably supported by mechanically, hydraulically and / or pneumatically actuated support plates between the extraction arms.
- the excavation tool has a multi-armed, conical drill head, which - while eliminating the center cutters available in the prior art - also causes centering when drilling the soil.
- the device designated overall by 5, has a removal tool 6 arranged at the front in the direction of advance according to the directional arrow 7 and which has a plurality of drilling arms 8 on the drilling basket 9 which radiate from the center and which are provided with the actual drilling tools 10.
- the drilling arms 8 span a conical surface and can be tilted and exchangeably arranged on the drilling basket 9.
- the tilt axis can be arranged on the outer or inner abutment of the drill cage 9.
- Support plates 11 that can be adjusted hydraulically, mechanically and / or pneumatically in the direction of drive forward and backward as well as adjustable can be arranged between the drilling arms 8.
- the drill cage is arranged in front of the pressure plate denoted by 12 and driven by a drive denoted overall by 13, which is guided through the pressure plate 12 in a pressure-tight manner.
- a double-chamber personal airlock 14 is arranged, through which one can get into the chamber, denoted overall by 15, between the removal tool 6 and the printing plate 12 can, which is sealed pressure-tight by the pressure shield 12 from the rear part of the device 5.
- a storage space 16 is arranged behind the printing plate 12 and is located on the underside in the upper half 18 with respect to the longitudinal axis 17 of the device 5.
- the storage space 16 is connected to the chamber * 15 via a first opening 19 in the printing plate and via a pipe 20.
- the receiving end of a first mechanical conveyor designed as a chain conveyor 21 extends close to the bottom of the chamber 15 and is guided through the first opening 19 and the tube 20 to the storage space 16 in which its discharge end is arranged. * communicating
- an inclined coarse sieve 23 is arranged above a collecting container 24 for the sieve passage, to which a conveying line 25 for liquid transport is connected.
- a stone crusher 26 also with a collecting container, which is also connected to the delivery line 25 via a line 27.
- the storage space 16 can also be connected to the tunnel 30, which is already supported by tubbings, via a second opening closed by a closing door 28.
- a second mechanical conveyor 31 can be pushed through this second opening for the purpose of dry transport directly under the discharge end 22 of the chain conveyor 21, so that the excavated material can be transported directly into soil transport wagons or the like (not shown), the coarse sieve 23 if necessary must be omitted.
- the tubbing 29 is transported to a tubbing conveyor 32 known per se in the direction of advance 7 to the actual device 5 and set there by means of an erector 33, which is also known per se. Feed presses 34 known per se are supported on the one hand on the tubbing already set, on the other hand on the device 5 or the printing plate 12.
- a feed pump 35 for water and / or a thixotropic liquid is provided, which is led via a line 36 into the chamber 15 and exits there in the region of the first opening 19 via a flushing nozzle 37.
- the first opening 19 can be sealed off in a pressure-tight manner by means of a slide which can be actuated mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically and which is schematically designated 38 in order to also be able to carry out repair work in the storage space 16.
- the crusher 26 is expediently only switched on when there is a certain amount of stone.
- a level measuring device 40 for adjusting the air pressure 16 in the storage chamber can preferably be provided in the tube 20, which can then be exerted on the liquid surface and thus on the liquid filling the entire chamber 15 and thus on the working face in front of the removal tool 6 .
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Tunnelvortrieb in unterschiedlichen geologischen Formationen, nämlich nicht standfesten, rolligen Böden unterhalb des Grundwasserspiegels, wobei die Ortsbrust ständig mit dem erforderlichen Gegendruck durch ein Medium wie Wasser und/oder einer thixotropen Flüssigkeit beim Vortreiben oder Luft bei Vortriebspausen beispielsweise zu Reparaturzwecken beaufschlagt und in jedem Fall mittels eines vor dem Druckschild befindlichen Abbauwerkzeuges unter Bildung von Abraum abgebaut wird, wobei das sich in der zwischen der Ortsbrust und dem Druckschild gebildeten Kammer befindliche Gemisch von Abraum im Medium weggefördert wird und der Abbauraum von dem schon vorgetriebenen Tunnel druckdicht über den Druckschild abschottbar ist. Die Erfindung betrifft weiters eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit einem Druckschild, mit einem in Vortriebsrichtung davor angebrachten Abbauwerkzeug und mit einer Förderleitung für das fließfähige Gemisch, wobei in Vortriebsrichtung hinter dem Druckschild ein von dem schon vorgetriebenen Tunnel druckdicht abgeschotteter Speicherraum angeordnet ist, der mit der Kammer kommunizierend über eine Öffnung in dem Druckschild verbunden ist, wobei zwischen dem Abbauwerkzeug und dem Druckschild das aufnahmeseitige Ende eines mechanischen Förderers angeordnet ist, der durch die Öffnung im Druckschild hindurchgeführt ist und mit seinem austragsseitigen Ende bis in den Speicherraum reicht, und wobei im Speicherraum dem mechanischen Förderer ein Steinbrecher nachgeschaltet ist, der druckdicht an die Förderleitung angeschlossen ist.The invention relates to a method for tunneling in different geological formations, namely non-stable, uneven soils below the water table, the face constantly with the required back pressure through a medium such as water and / or a thixotropic liquid when propelling or air during pausing breaks, for example for repair purposes acted upon and in any case by means of a removal tool located in front of the printing plate, with the formation of overburden, whereby the mixture of overburden in the medium formed in the chamber between the working face and the printing plate is conveyed away and the mining space from the tunnel that has already been driven over in a pressure-tight manner the print shield can be sealed off. The invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method with a pressure plate, with a removal tool attached in front of it in the direction of advance and with a conveying line for the flowable mixture, with a storage space, which is sealed off from the tunnel which has already been driven, in the direction of advance behind the pressure plate and which is arranged with the chamber is communicatively connected via an opening in the printing plate, the receiving-side end of a mechanical conveyor being arranged between the removal tool and the printing plate, which is led through the opening in the printing plate and extends with its discharge-side end into the storage space, and in which Storage space is connected to the mechanical conveyor a stone crusher, which is connected pressure-tight to the delivery line.
Ein solches Verfahren wird mittels bekannter sogenannter Hydroschild-Vorrichtungen ausgeführt, was besonders vorteilhaft ist, weil der gesamte Tunnel nur unter atmosphärischem Druck steht und somit Drucklufterkrankungen des Bedienungspersonals vermieden werden können.Such a method is carried out by means of known so-called hydroshield devices, which is particularly advantageous because the entire tunnel is only under atmospheric pressure and compressed air diseases of the operating personnel can thus be avoided.
Der Nachteil bei diesem bekannten Verfahren sowie einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens besteht darin, daß sobald eine andere Geologie innerhalb der aufzufahrenden Tunnelröhre (also kein nicht standfester rolliger Boden) auftritt, der Abraum beispielsweise Steine, Fremdkörper oder andere größere Teile enthält, welche nach Ansammlung eines gewissen Volumens aus der Kammer vor dem Druckschild manuell entfernt werden müssen. Dies geschieht dadurch, daß der Flüssigkeitsspiegel des Mediums bis auf die Tunnelsohle durch Abpumpen abgesenkt und dieser Abbauraum bzw. die Kammer unter Druckluft gesetzt wird, damit eine Bedienungsperson durch die Personenschleuse in den Raum zwischen Ortsbrust und Druckwand eingeschleust werden kann, um die größeren Teile manuell zu beseitigen. Durch das Anhalten, Leerpumpen und Druckluftbeaufschlagen reduziert sich der Zeitaufwand für den Vortrieb, was bei höherem Aufkommen größerer Teile an Steinen eine Verschlechterung der Vortriebsleistung mit sich bringt. In diesem Zusammenhang ist eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art beispielsweise dem DE-U-85 30 392 zu entnehmen, wobei zusätzlich in dem Speicherraum unter dem austragsseitigen Ende des mechanischen Förderers ein Steinbrecher angeordnet ist, an dem eine Förderleitung zum Flüssigtransport des Gemischs angeordnet ist, die druckdicht aus dem Speicherraum zu dem schon vorgetriebenen Tunnel herausgeführt ist, wodurch ein Einsteigen von Bedienungspersonal zur Grobgesteinsentnahme entbehrlich werden soll.The disadvantage of this known method and of an apparatus for carrying out the method is that as soon as another geology occurs inside the tunnel tube to be opened (i.e. not a non-stable, rolling ground), the overburden contains, for example, stones, foreign bodies or other larger parts which, after accumulation of a certain volume must be manually removed from the chamber in front of the printing plate. This is done in that the liquid level of the medium is lowered to the tunnel base by pumping and this extraction space or the chamber is placed under compressed air so that an operator can be introduced through the security gate into the space between the face and pressure wall to manually remove the larger parts to eliminate. Stopping, pumping empty and pressurizing the compressed air reduce the time required for the propulsion, which leads to a deterioration in the propulsive performance when larger numbers of stones are found. In this context, a device of the type mentioned at the outset can be found, for example, in DE-U-85 30 392, a stone crusher being additionally arranged in the storage space under the discharge end of the mechanical conveyor, on which a delivery line for liquid transport of the mixture is arranged, which is led out of the storage space in a pressure-tight manner to the tunnel that has already been driven, which should make it unnecessary for operating personnel to step in to remove coarse rock.
Es ist außerdem nachteilig, daß bei Antreffen einer Geologie im Verlauf des Vortriebes, die Flüssigkeitstransport nicht mehr zuläßt, eine Trockentransporteinrichtung vorgesehen werden muß. Dies geschieht, wenn überhaupt möglich, durch Umbau einer Hydroschild-Anlage vom Flüssigkeitstransport auf Trockentransport, was ebenfalls erhebliche Zeitverluste mit sich bringt.It is also disadvantageous that a dry transport device must be provided if a geology is encountered during the course of the advance, which no longer allows liquid transport. If at all possible, this is done by converting a hydroshield system from liquid transport to dry transport, which also results in considerable loss of time.
Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens vorzuschlagen, mit denen auch bei Auftreten größerer Teile, wie Steine, Fremdkörper oder dergleichen, kontinuierlich im Flüssigtransport der Tunnel erforderlichenfalls auf Trockentransport umgestellt werden kann. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren im wesentlichen dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Zweck des Flüssigtransportes bei druckdicht abgeschottetem Druckschild das Wasser und/oder die thixotrope Flüssigkeit aufweisende fließfähige Gemisch vorzugsweise mechanisch in einen in Vortriebsrichtung hinter dem Druckschild angeordneten, mit der Kammer kommunizierend über eine erste Öffnung verbundenen und von dem schon vorgetriebenen Tunnel druckdicht getrennten Speicherraum für die Druckluft transportiert wird, daß im Speicherraum aus dem Ge'misch die größeren Teile, wie Steine, Fremdkörper oder dergleichen ausgesondert und die ausgesonderten größeren Teile mechanisch zerkleinert und in zerkleinerter Form wieder dem Gemisch zugeführt werden und das fließfähige Gemisch aus dem Speicherraum druckdicht über eine Förderleitung wegtransportiert wird, und daß zum Zweck des Trockentransportes der schüttfähige Abraum bei zum Tunnel über eine zweite Öffnung geöffneten Speicherraum zunächst in diesen und von dort mechanisch direkt - ohne Aussondern größerer Teile - über die Öffnung in den Tunnel transportiert wird. Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ist ausgehend von der eingangs genannten Ausführungsform im wesentlichen dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Speicherraum unter dem austragsseitigen Ende des mechanischen Förderers ein Grobsieb für die größeren Teile in dem Gemisch über einem Auffangbehälter für den Siebdurchgang angeordnet ist, daß an dem Auffangbehälter eine Förderleitung zum Flüssigtransport des Gemischs angeordnet ist, die druckdicht aus dem Speicherraum zu dem schon vorgetriebenen Tunnel herausgeführt ist, daß dem Grobsieb ein Steinbrecher für das Siebgut zugeordnet ist, der an die Förderleitung angeschlossen ist, und daß der Speicherraum über eine durch eine Abschlußtür verschlossene zweite Öffnung zum Tunnel hin geöffnet werden kann, wobei durch die zweite Öffnung bei offener Abschlußtür ein mechanischer zweiter Förderer bis unter das austragsseitige Ende des ersten Förderers einschiebbar ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a method and a device for carrying out the method, with which, even when larger parts, such as stones, foreign bodies or the like, occur, the tunnel can be continuously switched to dry transport in liquid transport, if necessary. To achieve this object, the method according to the invention is essentially characterized in that, for the purpose of liquid transport when the pressure shield is sealed off in a pressure-tight manner, the flowable mixture comprising water and / or the thixotropic liquid is preferably mechanically arranged in a direction of advance behind the pressure shield and communicating with the chamber via a The first opening connected and from the tunnel that has already been driven in a pressure-tight manner is transported for the compressed air that the larger parts, such as stones, foreign bodies or the like, are separated from the mixture in the storage space and the separated larger parts are mechanically shredded and again in shredded form Mixture are supplied and the flowable mixture is transported away from the storage space in a pressure-tight manner via a delivery line, and that for the purpose of dry transport the pourable overburden is transported to the tunnel via a second opening g The opened storage space is first transported into the tunnel and from there mechanically directly - without separating larger parts - into the tunnel. A device for carrying out the method is essentially based on the above-mentioned embodiment characterized in that a coarse sieve for the larger parts in the mixture is arranged above a collecting container for the sieve passage in the storage space under the discharge end of the mechanical conveyor Collection container a delivery line for liquid transport of the mixture is arranged, which is led out pressure-tight from the storage space to the tunnel that has already been driven, that the coarse screen is assigned a stone crusher for the screenings, which is connected to the delivery line, and that the storage space via a a second opening, closed by a closing door, can be opened towards the tunnel, a mechanical second conveyor being insertable through the second opening when the closing door is open, below the discharge end of the first conveyor.
Durch die Erfindung wird also ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens vorgeschlagen, bei der die Ortsbrust hydrostatisch gestützt wird, wobei der Flüssigkeitsspiegel des Mediums aber nicht wie bei bekannten Verfahren zwischen der Druck- und einer davor angeordneten Tauchwand unter Druckluft belastet wird, sondern bei der ein durch die erste Öffnung im Druckschild hinausgeführter, im übrigen aber abgedichteter Druckspeicherraum die Funktion des druckluftbelasteten Akkumulators übernimmt. Zugleich können nach Lehre der Erfindung durch den vorzugsweise bis auf die Sohle der Kammer bzw. der Tunnelsohle des Abbauraumes reichenden ersten Förderer gelegentlich auftauchende größere Steine, Findlinge oder dergleichen in den Speicherraum transportiert und dort abgesondert sowie gesondert mechanisch zerkleinert und dann wieder dem Flüssigtransport-Kreislauf zugeführt werden.The invention thus proposes a method and a device for carrying out the method in which the working face is supported hydrostatically, but the liquid level of the medium is not loaded under compressed air, as in known methods, between the pressure wall and a plunger wall arranged in front of it in which a pressure storage space led out through the first opening in the pressure plate, but otherwise sealed, takes over the function of the accumulator that is loaded with compressed air. At the same time, according to the teaching of the invention, larger stones, boulders or the like, which occasionally appear up to the bottom of the chamber or the tunnel bottom of the mining space, can occasionally transport larger stones, boulders or the like into the storage space, where they are separated and mechanically crushed and then returned to the liquid transport circuit are fed.
Durch den Wegfall der Tauchwand kann ferner bei der Erfindung die Konstruktion der Vorrichtung kürzer gehalten werden und das durch die Personenschleuse in die Kammer eingeschleuste Bedienungspersonal einfacher durch die dort nicht vorhandene Tauchwand gelangen, um eventuelle Reparatur- oder sonstige Arbeiten durchzuführen.By eliminating the baffle, the construction of the device can also be kept shorter in the invention and the operating personnel introduced into the chamber through the personal lock can more easily get through the baffle not present there in order to carry out any repair or other work.
Schließlich kann durch Öffnen der Abschlußtür der Speicherraum geöffnet und durch die frei gewordene zweite Öffnung ein zweiter mechanischer Förderer schnell und einfach eingebracht werden, und zwar vorzugsweise bis unter das austragsseitige Ende des ersten mechanischen Förderers in dem Speicherraum, so daß eine kontinuierliche Trockenförderung zu bereitstehenden Erdreich-Transportwagen oder dergleichen durchgeführt werden kann.Finally, by opening the end door, the storage space can be opened and a second mechanical conveyor can be introduced quickly and easily through the second opening that has become free, and preferably up to below the discharge end of the first mechanical conveyor in the storage space, so that continuous dry conveying to the available soil - dolly or the like can be performed.
Von besonderem Vorteil ist es, wenn in zweckmäßiger Ausgestaltung der Erfindung der erste Förderer eine Förderschnecke, ein Gurtförderer oder ein Ketten- oder Kettenkratzförderer ist, wobei bei einer Förderschnecke durch Wahl der Scheckensteigung und der Drehzahl ein Erddruck-Ausgleich geschaffen werden kann. Dies wird vorzugsweise durch mechanisch, hydraulisch und/oder pneumatisch betätigbare Stützplatten zwischen den Abbauarmen unterstützt.It is particularly advantageous if, in an expedient embodiment of the invention, the first conveyor is a screw conveyor, a belt conveyor or a chain or chain scraper conveyor, with a screw conveyor being able to compensate for earth pressure by selecting the pitch of the screw and the speed. This is preferably supported by mechanically, hydraulically and / or pneumatically actuated support plates between the extraction arms.
Ferner ist von Vorteil, daß das Abbauwerkzeug einen mehrarmigen, kegelförmig ausgebildeten Bohrkopf aufweist, der - unter Fortfall der beim Stande der Technik vorhandenen Mittenschneider - zugleich eine Zentrierung beim Abbohren des Erdreichens bewirkt.It is also advantageous that the excavation tool has a multi-armed, conical drill head, which - while eliminating the center cutters available in the prior art - also causes centering when drilling the soil.
Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den weiteren Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Expedient refinements and developments of the invention are characterized in the further subclaims.
Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung naher erläutert.A preferred embodiment is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
In dieser zeigt:
- Figur 1
- einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine Vorrichtung zum Tunnelvortrieb;
- Figure 2
- eine Ansicht II-II gemäß Figur 1;
- Figure 3
- einen Schnitt III-III gemäß Figur 1 und
- Figure 4
- einen Schnitt IV-IV gemäß Figur 1.
- Figure 1
- a schematic cross section through a device for tunneling;
- Figure 2
- a view II-II of Figure 1;
- Figure 3
- a section III-III of Figure 1 and
- Figure 4
- a section IV-IV according to Figure 1.
Die insgesamt mit 5 bezeichnete Vorrichtung weist ein in Vortriebsrichtung gemäß Richtungspfeil 7 vorne angeordnetes Abbauwerkzeug 6 auf, welches mehrere strahlenförmig von der Mitte ausgehende Bohrarme 8 an dem Bohrkorb 9 aufweist, die mit den eigentlichen Bohrwerkzeugen 10 versehen sind. Die Bohrarme 8 spannen eine kegelförmige Fläche auf und sind kippbar sowie auswechselbar an dem Bohrkorb 9 angeordnet. Die Kippachse kann hierbei an dem äußeren oder inneren Widerlager des Bohrkorbes 9 angeordnet sein.The device, designated overall by 5, has a
Zwischen den Bohrarmen 8 können hydraulisch, mechanisch und/oder pneumatisch in Vortriebrichtung vor- und zurück- sowie anstellbar verstellbare Stützplatten 11 (Figur 2) angeordnet sein. Der Bohrkorb ist - wie an sich bekannt - vor dem mit 12 bezeichneten Druckschild angeordnet und über einen insgesamt mit 13 bezeichneten Antrieb angetrieben, der druckdicht durch den Druckschild 12 hindurchgeführt ist. Im oberen Bereich in Vortriebsrichtung 7 hinter dem Druckschild 12 ist eine Doppelkammer-Personenschleuse 14 angeordnet, durch die man in die insgesamt mit 15 bezeichnete Kammer zwischen dem Abbauwerkzeug 6 und dem Druckschild 12 gelangen kann, die druckdicht durch den Druckschild 12 von dem rückwärtigen Teil der Vorrichtung 5 abgeschottet ist.Support plates 11 (FIG. 2) that can be adjusted hydraulically, mechanically and / or pneumatically in the direction of drive forward and backward as well as adjustable can be arranged between the drilling arms 8. As is known per se, the drill cage is arranged in front of the pressure plate denoted by 12 and driven by a drive denoted overall by 13, which is guided through the
Hinter dem Druckschild 12 ist ein Speicherraum 16 angeordnet, der sich mit bezug auf die Längsachse 17 der Vorrichtung 5 unterseitig in der oberen Hälfte 18 befindet. Der Speicherraum 16 ist über eine erste Öffnung 19 in dem Druckschild und über ein Rohr 20 mit der Kammer* 15 verbunden. Das aufnahmeseitige Ende eines ersten, als Kettenförderer 21 ausgebildeten mechanischen Förderers reicht bis nahe zu der Sohle der Kammer 15 und ist durch die erste Öffnung 19 und das Rohr 20 zu dem Speicherraum 16 geführt, in dem sein abgabeseitiges Ende angeordnet ist.
* kommunizierendA storage space 16 is arranged behind the
* communicating
Unterhalb dem austragsseitigen Ende 22 des Kettenförderers 21 ist ein schräggestelltes Grobsieb 23 über einem Auffangbehälter 24 für den Siebdurchgang angeordnet, an dem eine Förderleitung 25 für den Flüssigtransport angeschlossen ist. Unterhalb und neben dem seitlichen Ende des Grobsiebs 23 ist ein Steinebrecher 26, ebenfalls mit Auffangbehälter angeordnet, der über eine Leitung 27 ebenfalls an die Förderleitung 25 angeschlossen ist.Below the discharge end 22 of the
Der Speicherraum 16 ist ferner über eine durch eine Abschlußtür 28 verschlossene zweite Öffnung mit dem schon durch Tübbings abgestützten Tunnel 30 verbindbar. Durch diese zweite Öffnung kann zum Zwecke des Trockentransports ein zweiter mechanischer Förderer 31 direkt unter das austragsseitige Ende 22 des Kettenförderers 21 geschoben werden, so daß der Abbraum direkt in Erdreich-Transportwagen oder dergleichen (nicht gezeigt) transportiert werden kann, wobei gegebenenfalls das Grobsieb 23 entfallen muß.The storage space 16 can also be connected to the
Die Tübbings 29 werden einen an sich bekannten Tübbingstransporteuer 32 in Vortriebsrichtung 7 zur der eigentlichen Vorrichtung 5 transportiert und dort mittels eines ebenfalls an sich bekannten Erektors 33 gesetzt. An sich bekannte Vorschubpressen 34 stützen sich einerseits an den schon gesetzten Tübbings, andererseits an der Vorrichtung 5 bzw. dem Druckschild 12 ab.The
Ferner ist eine Förderpumpe 35 für Wasser und/oder eine thixotrope Flüssigkeit vorgesehen, die über eine Leitung 36 bis in die Kammer 15 geführt ist und dort im Bereich der ersten Öffnung 19 über eine Spüldüse 37 austritt. Die erste Öffnung 19 kann - druckdicht - mittels eines mechanisch, hydraulisch oder pneumatisch betätigbaren und schematisch mit 38 bezeichneten Schiebers abgeschottet werden, um auch Reparaturarbeiten in dem Speicherraum 16 ausführen zu können.Furthermore, a
Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Steinbrecher 26 nur dann eingeschaltet, wenn ein gewisser Steinanfall vorliegt. Ebenso kann in dem Rohr 20 vorzugsweise eine Niveau-Meßeinrichtung 40 zur Einstellung des Luftdrucks 16 in der Speicherkammer vorgesehen sein, der dann auf die Flüssigkeitsoberfläche und damit auf die die gesamte Kammer 15 ausfüllende Flüssigkeit und damit auf die Ortsbrust vor dem Abbauwerkzeug 6 ausgeübt werden kann.The
Claims (14)
- Method for driving a tunnel in different geological formations, namely unstable, loose soils below the water table, in which the working face is constantly subject to the necessary backpressure through a medium such as water and/or a thixotropic liquid when driving or digging or air in the case of driving or digging pauses, particularly for repair purposes and in each case working takes place by means of a working tool (6) located upstream of the pressure shield (12), accompanied by the formation of an overburden, in which the mixture of overburden in the medium located in the chamber (15) formed between the working face and the pressure shield (12) is conveyed away and the working chamber (15) can be compartmentalized in pressuretight manner by means of the pressure shield (12) with respect to the already dug tunnel, characterized in that for the purpose of liquid transportation in the case of pressuretight, compartmentalized pressure shield (12), the flowable mixture having the water and/or the thixotropic liquid is mechanically transported into a compressed air storage chamber (16) located behind the pressure shield (12) in the driving direction, linked by means of a first opening (19) with the chamber (15) and separated in pressuretight manner from the already driven tunnel, that in the storage chamber (16) the larger parts such as stones, foreign bodies, etc. are separated from the mixture and the separated larger parts are mechanically crushed and in crushed form returned to the mixture again and the flowable mixture is transported away from the storage chamber (16) in pressuretight manner by means of a feed pipe (20) and that for the purpose of the dry transport of the pourable overburden with the storage chamber (16) open with respect to the tunnel (30) by means of a second opening, initially in said chamber (16) and from there in mechanical direct manner, without any separation of the larger parts, transportation takes place via the opening into the tunnel (30).
- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flowable mixture is conveyed from the tunnel floor of the working chamber or the floor of the chamber (15) in mechanical manner into the storage chamber (16).
- Method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the flowable mixture is partly conveyed directly out of the chamber (15) in liquid transport.
- Method according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the larger parts are separated by screening.
- Device for performing the tunnel driving method, particularly according to one of the claims 1 to 4, with a pressure shield (12), with a working tool (6) fitted in front of it in the driving direction and with a feed pipe (25) for the flowable mixture, in which in the driving direction behind the pressure shield (12) is provided a storage chamber (16) compartmentalized in pressuretight manner from the already driven tunnel (30) and which is linked with the chamber (15) by means of an opening (19) in the pressure shield, in which between the working tool (6) and the pressure shield (12) is located the reception-side end of a mechanical conveyor (21), which is passed through the opening (19) in the pressure shield (12) and extends with its discharge-side end (22) into the storage chamber (16) and in which in the latter a stone crusher (26) is connected behind the mechanical conveyor (21) and is connected in pressuretight manner to the feed pipe (25), characterized in that in the storage chamber (16) below the discharge-side end (22) of the mechanical conveyor (21) is provided a coarse screen (23) for the coarser parts in the mixture above a collecting container (24) for the undersize material, that on the collecting container (24) is placed a feed pipe (25) for the liquid transport of the mixture and which is passed in pressuretight manner out of the storage chamber (16) to the already driven tunnel (30), that with the coarse screen (23) is associated a stone crusher (26) for the screen feed and which is connected to the feed pipe (25) and that the storage chamber (16) can be open to the tunnel by means of a second opening closed by a terminal door (28) and with the said door (28) open, through the said second opening can be introduced a second, mechanical conveyor (31) to below the discharge-side end (22) of the first conveyor (21).
- Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the reception-side end of the first conveyor (21) extends to the vicinity of the floor of the chamber (15).
- Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the first conveyor (21) is a feed screw, a belt conveyor or a chain or chain scraper conveyor.
- Device according to one of the claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the coarse screen (23) is inclined and laterally extends over the collecting container (24).
- Device according to one of the claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the collecting container of the stone crusher (26) is positioned below the lateral end of the coarse screen (23).
- Device according to one of the claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the working tool (6) is provided with a plurality of drilling tools (8) extending in radial manner from the centre and covering a conical surface.
- Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the drilling arms (8) are tiltable and interchangeably arranged on the drilling cage (9).
- Device according to one of the claims 5 to 11, characterized in that between the drilling arms (8) are provided bracket plates (11), which are mechanically, hydraulically and/or pneumatically adjustable (backwards and forwards in the driving direction and settable).
- Device according to one of the claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the first opening (19) can be compartmentalized by means of a mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operable slide (38).
- Device according to one of the claims 5 to 13, characterized in that the storage chamber (16) is connected by means of a pipe (20) with the first opening (19) in the pressure shield (12) and in said pipe passes the first conveyor (21).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19863623283 DE3623283A1 (en) | 1986-07-10 | 1986-07-10 | METHOD FOR TUNNEL DRIVING AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0299133A1 EP0299133A1 (en) | 1989-01-18 |
| EP0299133B1 true EP0299133B1 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
Family
ID=6304873
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87890173A Expired - Lifetime EP0299133B1 (en) | 1986-07-10 | 1987-07-15 | Method for tunnel driving and device for carrying out the method |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0299133B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE80203T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3623283A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2033934T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2680201B1 (en) * | 1991-08-08 | 1993-11-12 | Matieres Nucleaires Cie Gle | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPERATING AN UNDERGROUND DEPOSIT BY A TUNNEL |
| DE4409049C1 (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-03-30 | Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten | Method of replacing the supporting liquid by compressed air and use of a hydraulic shield for carrying out the method |
| DE4439865C2 (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1997-07-31 | Alp Westf Berg & Tunneltechnik | Conveyor device for a shield tunneling machine |
| DE19534814A1 (en) * | 1995-09-20 | 1997-03-27 | Wirth Co Kg Masch Bohr | Tunnel boring machine |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3330635A1 (en) * | 1983-08-25 | 1985-03-21 | Wayss & Freytag Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Driving shield |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1026298A (en) * | 1964-11-26 | 1966-04-14 | Demag Ag | Tunnelling machine |
| FR1538551A (en) * | 1967-07-26 | 1968-09-06 | Improvements to drilling machines for tunnels, undergrounds, or the like | |
| DE1907308A1 (en) * | 1969-02-13 | 1970-09-03 | Zueblin Ag | Tunnel boring machine and method of using it |
| DE2745447C2 (en) * | 1977-10-08 | 1985-05-09 | Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen | Propulsion device with a rotating cutting head |
| DE3330735A1 (en) * | 1983-08-26 | 1985-03-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | PACKAGING CUTTING FOR PACKAGING CONTAINERS |
| DE3428431A1 (en) * | 1984-08-01 | 1986-02-13 | Carl Baas GmbH & Co KG, 8882 Lauingen | Apparatus with a driving shoe having an annular housing |
| DE3514563A1 (en) * | 1985-04-23 | 1986-10-30 | Strabag Bau-AG, 5000 Köln | Tunnel-driving machine |
| DE3537780A1 (en) * | 1985-07-26 | 1987-01-29 | Schweitzer Karl Friedrich | Apparatus for constructing galleries or tunnels by shield driving |
| DE8521622U1 (en) * | 1985-07-26 | 1985-09-12 | Schweitzer, Karl-Friedrich, 4006 Erkrath | Device for creating tunnels or tunnels in water-containing flowing soils with coarse grain by means of shield driving |
| DE8530392U1 (en) * | 1985-10-26 | 1986-10-16 | Hochtief Ag Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann, 4300 Essen | Shield tunneling machine with device for a liquid support of the working face as well as with coarse rock extraction device |
-
1986
- 1986-07-10 DE DE19863623283 patent/DE3623283A1/en active Granted
-
1987
- 1987-07-15 EP EP87890173A patent/EP0299133B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-15 AT AT87890173T patent/ATE80203T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-07-15 ES ES198787890173T patent/ES2033934T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3330635A1 (en) * | 1983-08-25 | 1985-03-21 | Wayss & Freytag Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Driving shield |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3623283A1 (en) | 1988-01-28 |
| DE3623283C2 (en) | 1991-10-24 |
| EP0299133A1 (en) | 1989-01-18 |
| ES2033934T3 (en) | 1993-04-01 |
| ATE80203T1 (en) | 1992-09-15 |
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