EP0296915A1 - Drehschalter mit gebogener Lichtbogenlaufbahn - Google Patents

Drehschalter mit gebogener Lichtbogenlaufbahn Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0296915A1
EP0296915A1 EP88401386A EP88401386A EP0296915A1 EP 0296915 A1 EP0296915 A1 EP 0296915A1 EP 88401386 A EP88401386 A EP 88401386A EP 88401386 A EP88401386 A EP 88401386A EP 0296915 A1 EP0296915 A1 EP 0296915A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
contacts
arc
rotary switch
migration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88401386A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0296915B1 (de
Inventor
Guido Colleoni
Bernard Bouvet
Jacques Gaillard
Richard Jacolin
Robert Volsy
Georges Bernard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Priority to AT88401386T priority Critical patent/ATE86787T1/de
Publication of EP0296915A1 publication Critical patent/EP0296915A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0296915B1 publication Critical patent/EP0296915B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2041—Rotating bridge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H33/182—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medium-voltage rotary switch with a sealed casing, the internal periphery of which carries two diametrically opposite fixed contacts, each fixed contact being capable of cooperating with a movable contact of a contact bridge to form a pair of contacts, said contact bridge, in the form of a pivoting knife, being carried by a rotary control shaft, which can selectively occupy a closed position in which the two pairs of contacts are closed and an open position.
  • a known rotary switch of the kind mentioned has internal gas compression compartments allowing pneumatic blowing of the arc which promotes its extinction. These pneumatic blowing devices are complicated and require a significantly increased effort in operating the switch.
  • the present invention aims to allow the production of a simplified rotary switch whose breaking capacity is increased without significant modification of the device.
  • the rotary switch according to the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the contacts of one of said pairs comprises a migration path from the root of an arc, drawn during the opening of the pair of contacts , that this track extends in the opposite direction from the other contact of the pair, to allow the displacement of the arc root and the associated hot point towards a hidden location where the two hot points associated with the two roots of the arc are not facing each other and that a permanent magnet, integral with the contact with migration path, is arranged to blow the root of the arc towards said hidden location to promote the extinction of the arc and the interruption of the current.
  • the switch according to the present invention also makes use of a permanent magnet for magnetic blowing of the root of the arc, but the breaking principle is different since it is based on the observation that an important element for the non re-ignition after the zero current has passed is to prevent the two hot spots on the two contacts from facing each other.
  • the rotary knife switch can comprise two cuts in series and the inventive arc root migration system can be associated with each of said cuts or only with one of them.
  • the contact with arc migration track having a hidden hot point can be the mobile contact, or the fixed contact, or both and the permanent magnet is advantageously housed inside the contact in the form of a stud, in particular cylindrical.
  • the axis of the cylindrical contact pad (s) is perpendicular to the plane of travel of the knife, and the arc of migration of the arc root is formed by the external periphery of the contact pad, this periphery possibly being the cylindrical surface of the pad or the periphery of one or more lateral sections of the stud.
  • the displacement of the arc can be guided on the migration track by covering the adjacent parts of the contact pad with an insulating coating.
  • the arc root and the point associated hot move along a curved trajectory and it is clear that when the root reaches the hidden location, diametrically opposite on the cylindrical stud at the point of arcing, this hidden location is masked by the contact stud at the for the other contact.
  • the rotation of the knife in a predetermined direction can be used to introduce an asymmetry which favors one of the directions of rotation of the arc root.
  • the direction of rotation is determined by the polarity of the permanent magnet and by the direction of the current at the given time. During one of the alternations of the current, the root moves on the migration track in a given direction, which reverses automatically at the next alternation.
  • the switch can be of the multipolar type with a common envelope for all the poles or with an individual envelope.
  • the insulating gas for filling the envelopes is a gas with high dielectric strength such as sulfur hexafluoride at atmospheric or compressed pressure.
  • the envelope can be made of an insulating or conductive material and the control mechanism can be incorporated or be arranged outside this envelope.
  • the migration path of the arc root is capped by a cover in the area of the hidden location to limit the propagation of the electrons emitted in this area.
  • This hood determines with the migration path an arc penetration corridor confining the ionized gases and the metallic vapors.
  • a medium-voltage rotary switch comprises a sealed casing 10 ensuring the housing of the three poles R, S, T of the switch.
  • the casing 10 can be common to the three RST poles and be metallic or made of insulating material. It can also be constituted by the association of three modules, each assigned to one of the poles or be a single envelope 10 subdivided into three compartments by internal partitions 12, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the three poles R , S, T are identical and only one of them will be described in detail below.
  • the sealed envelope 10 is filled with a gas with high dielectric strength such as sulfur hexafluoride under atmospheric pressure or in overpressure.
  • Each pole has two fixed contacts 14,16 arranged at the inner periphery of the casing 10 at diametrically opposite points and each fixed contact 14,16 is extended by a sealed passage 18,20 of the casing 10.
  • the movable assembly of the switch is constituted by a control shaft 22, carrying a rotary knife 28 constituted by two contact blades 24, 26 whose opposite ends 30, 32 form movable contact clips cooperating with the fixed contacts 14, 16.
  • the knife 28 In the closed position of the switch, shown in Figure 2, the knife 28 electrically connects the fixed contacts 14,16 and the opening of the switch is achieved by a rotation of the shaft 22 counterclockwise of a watch.
  • the two fixed contacts 14, 16 are identical and each is arranged in the form of a cylindrical stud with an axis parallel to the shaft 22.
  • a permanent magnet 34 coated with a conductive sheath 36 of cylindrical shape Inside the cylindrical stud 14, 16 is housed a permanent magnet 34 coated with a conductive sheath 36 of cylindrical shape. Between the pole faces of the permanent magnet 34 with axial magnetization and the sheath 36 are inserted discs 38 of thin steel. In the closed position, the movable contact clamp 30,32 encloses the lower periphery of the cylindrical contact pad 14,16, the contact blades 24,26 being in contact with the lateral edges of this pad.
  • the axial dimension of the cylindrical stud 14,16 is slightly greater than the spacing of the clamps formed by the blades 24,26 to obtain sufficient contact pressure.
  • the upper part of the lateral edges of the contact 14, 16 is coated with an insulating material 40 preventing the migration of the arc on this part.
  • the field lines of the permanent magnet 34 are shown in broken lines on the pole S of FIG. 1 and it can be seen that these lines extend parallel to the cylindrical periphery 42 of the contact pad 14, 16. This periphery 42 constitutes a migration path of the arc root anchored on this contact 14,16.
  • the current flows through the sheath 36 of the contact pad 14,16 outside the permanent magnet 34 without risk of demagnetization of the latter.
  • the knife 28 separates from the fixed contacts 14, 16, and two arcs 44, 46, electrically connected in series, are drawn respectively between the fixed contact 14 and the knife 28, and between the latter and the fixed contact16.
  • the arc roots 48.50 anchored on the fixed contacts 14.16 are blown and they migrate on the cylindrical periphery 42 forming a migration path from the root of bow.
  • the direction of rotation of the arc root 48.50 is determined by the polarity of the alternating current at the time of cutting, and in Figure 3 we see that the two arc roots 48.50 are blown towards a hidden location 52.54 diametrically opposite to the point where the arc arises opposite the knife 28.
  • the hot spots associated with the arc roots 48.50 are thus transferred to hidden locations 52.54 and during natural extinction arcs 44,46, when the current crosses to zero, the optimal conditions for non-restriking are respected.
  • thermoelectronic emission at the hot point 52,54 does not take place opposite the knife 28, which prevents or limits the risks of re-striking the arcs 44,46 during the appearance of the recovery voltage.
  • the migration of the roots of the arc 48.50 naturally participates in the elongation of the arc and in its displacement in the gaseous insulating medium to favor, in the usual way, the breaking of the current.
  • FIG. 3 shows that, when the polarity of the current is reversed at the time of the formation of the arcs 44,46, the arc roots 48,50 rotate in the opposite direction to come towards the crossings 18,20 in locations less distant and hidden from the knife 28 as the hidden locations 52,54. If the power failure does not occur at the first zero crossing of the current and it is necessary to wait for the end of the next alternation where the optimal conditions of presence, hot spots at the hidden locations 52,54 are found. Certain specific arrangements described below avoid this asymmetry.
  • the fixed contact 14 comprises a insulating coating in particular made of epoxy resin 56 covering the cylindrical surface of the contact pad 14.
  • the flat edges or surfaces of the contact pad 14 are however bare and they constitute the contact and migration surfaces of the arc root.
  • the operation of the switch is not affected by this modification, the arc root anchored on the fixed contact 14 being blown by the magnetic field of the permanent magnet along the periphery of the side or edges of the stud contact 14 to a hidden point 58 which is not opposite the movable contact knife 28.
  • the contact blades 24, 26 have been extended to move the contact point in the direction of the enclosure 10 and to distance the current path from the magnet 34 while limiting the risks of demagnetization. This feature can be used on the other variants described.
  • the pair of contacts 14, 28 is replaced by a sliding contact 60.
  • the rotation in the opening direction of the knife 28 generates the appearance of a single arc 46 which is extinguished in the manner described above by migrating the arc root to a hidden location.
  • the insertion of a single arc in the circuit to be interrupted limits the breaking capacity of the switch but the production of the latter is simplified.
  • the polarity of the permanent magnets 34 determines the direction of rotation of the arcs 44,46 and in the example described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, the extinction and the interruption of the current are favored for one of the alternations of the alternating current.
  • a asymmetry between the contacts 14,16 is introduced by choosing opposite polarities of the magnets 34 associated with these contacts 14,16 so that if one of the arcs, for example the arc 44 is blown towards the hidden location 52, at a given instant the other arc 46 is blown towards the hidden location 54 at the next alternation.
  • one of the arcs 44,46 will be blown towards the hidden location favoring extinction. This avoids any delay in breaking the current but with a slight detriment to the extinguishing power of one of the arcs 44,46.
  • the arc root migration tracks are preferably associated with the fixed contacts 14, 16 in the manner described above, but it is clear that it would not be departing from the scope of the invention to associate these tracks with the mobile contacts 30.32 carried by the knife 28 ( Figure 8).
  • the inertia of the moving assembly is increased by the presence of the permanent magnets 34 but the operation, in particular the displacement of the arc roots towards hidden locations, which are not opposite the opposite contact, remains fully preserved.
  • Only one of the contacts 30, 32 can moreover be equipped with an arc migration track, the other contact being a standard contact or a contact having the arc root migration track associated with the fixed contacts. . Any other combination is conceivable and more particularly that shown in FIG. 10 in which all of the contacts 14, 16, 30, 32 are equipped with a migration track and an associated permanent magnet. The choice of the directions of rotation of the arc roots is thus notably increased and this choice is made according to the desired performances.
  • a cover 62 surrounds the pads of fixed contacts 14,16 in the vicinity of the hidden location 52,54.
  • the cover 62 defines a corridor of small width allowing the penetration of the arc root and its migration to the hidden location 52, 54, while confining the electrons emitted by the hot spots in a space remote from the contacts.
  • Hood 62 can wrap the fixed contact 14, 16 leaving only a slot for penetration of the arc, or this cover 62 can be constituted by a simple screen arranged opposite the hot spots. It emerges from the preceding description, that the rotational movement of the knife 28 introduces a asymmetry favoring cutting for one of the alternations of the current. By moving the fixed contact pads 14,16 with respect to the bushings 18,20, as shown in Figure 11, to arrange the separation points of the contacts 14,28; 16,28 and the current supply points at the contact pads 14, 16 at diametrically opposite locations, this asymmetry is avoided and the hidden points are reached whatever the alternation of the current.
  • the invention is of course applicable to other types of switches and more particularly to a switch having an enclosure 10 or tank of the modular type or, a metal tank.
  • the switch may also include grounding contacts carried by the casing 10 and cooperating with the knife 28 and the contacts 14, 16, 28 may be of the abutment type or of any other constitution.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Arc Welding Control (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Tumbler Switches (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
EP88401386A 1987-06-25 1988-06-08 Drehschalter mit gebogener Lichtbogenlaufbahn Expired - Lifetime EP0296915B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88401386T ATE86787T1 (de) 1987-06-25 1988-06-08 Drehschalter mit gebogener lichtbogenlaufbahn.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8709009 1987-06-25
FR8709009A FR2618251B1 (fr) 1987-06-25 1987-06-25 Interrupteur rotatif a piste courbe de migration d'une racine d'arc.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0296915A1 true EP0296915A1 (de) 1988-12-28
EP0296915B1 EP0296915B1 (de) 1993-03-10

Family

ID=9352542

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401386A Expired - Lifetime EP0296915B1 (de) 1987-06-25 1988-06-08 Drehschalter mit gebogener Lichtbogenlaufbahn

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US4803319A (de)
EP (1) EP0296915B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2633305B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1016656B (de)
AT (1) ATE86787T1 (de)
AU (1) AU596061B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8803129A (de)
CA (1) CA1314918C (de)
DE (1) DE3879002T2 (de)
DK (1) DK171506B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2040364T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2618251B1 (de)
IN (1) IN171165B (de)
NO (1) NO173907C (de)
PT (1) PT87840B (de)
TR (1) TR23247A (de)
YU (1) YU47469B (de)
ZA (1) ZA884375B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2668851A1 (fr) * 1990-11-06 1992-05-07 Merlin Gerin Interrupteur rotatif multipolaire.
EP0874380A1 (de) * 1997-04-25 1998-10-28 Soule Materiel Electrique Unterbrechungsvorrichtung für niedrige und Hochspannungstrom
FR2944911A1 (fr) * 2009-04-23 2010-10-29 Areva T & D Sa Interrupteur-sectionneur electrique rotatif de moyenne et haute tension a resistance

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US5153399A (en) * 1990-11-06 1992-10-06 G&W Electric Company Rotary puffer switch
JP3402042B2 (ja) * 1996-01-16 2003-04-28 株式会社日立製作所 ガス絶縁開閉装置及びその組立方法
KR19990021600A (ko) * 1997-08-30 1999-03-25 정몽규 로타리 스위치 접점 유도장치
JP2000149745A (ja) * 1998-11-16 2000-05-30 Yazaki Corp 回路遮断装置
JP4679252B2 (ja) * 2005-06-02 2011-04-27 三菱電機株式会社 電力用開閉装置
FR2891395B1 (fr) * 2005-09-28 2007-11-30 Socomec Sa Sa Module de coupure pour appareil electrique et appareil electrique equipe d'un tel module
DE102005060633A1 (de) 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Siemens Ag Lasttrennschalter für eine gekapselte Schaltanlage
CN100536054C (zh) * 2007-06-08 2009-09-02 华中科技大学 旋转电弧脉冲功率开关
WO2009060513A1 (ja) 2007-11-06 2009-05-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 開閉器
DE102008015463B3 (de) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Permanentmagnet-Löscheinrichtung für Lasttrennschalter
FR2929442B1 (fr) * 2008-03-26 2012-12-14 Pommier Dispositif de coupure electrique avec visibilite augmentee
CN101552146A (zh) * 2008-04-03 2009-10-07 波米尔公司 用于低压和高压的电流断路装置
CZ304807B6 (cs) * 2009-10-01 2014-11-05 Faiveley Transport Lekov A.S. Spínač
JP4889796B2 (ja) * 2010-03-05 2012-03-07 三菱電機株式会社 開閉器
CN102568916A (zh) * 2010-12-10 2012-07-11 沈阳工业大学 双工位扇形真空灭弧室
CN102568917B (zh) * 2010-12-10 2014-08-13 沈阳工业大学 盘式旋转型四断口真空灭弧室
CN103229264B (zh) * 2010-12-16 2016-03-16 三菱电机株式会社 电流开关
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CN103187199B (zh) * 2011-12-30 2015-11-25 厦门华电开关有限公司 气体绝缘负荷开关
US9330865B2 (en) 2012-03-23 2016-05-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Current switch
EP2901466B1 (de) 2012-09-27 2016-12-07 Eaton Electrical IP GmbH & Co. KG Gleichstrom-schalter mit einer vorrichtung zur stromrichtungsunabhängigen lichtbogenlöschung
CN103065861B (zh) * 2012-12-28 2016-05-25 王兴伟 户外交流高压sf6自动分段器
CN103280368B (zh) * 2013-06-13 2015-10-28 北京合纵科沃尔电力科技有限公司 磁吹灭弧的sf6三工位负荷开关
CN104779104B (zh) * 2015-05-08 2017-06-20 国网上海市电力公司 一种消弧开关
CN105702519B (zh) * 2016-04-08 2019-01-18 首瑞（天津）电气设备有限公司 用于旋转隔离开关的触头模块和旋转隔离开关
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CN107546066B (zh) * 2017-10-19 2020-04-03 中国科学技术大学 一种实验室用于高压控制的小型自动化机械开关装置
CN109411263B (zh) * 2018-11-01 2020-05-29 上海思源高压开关有限公司 静触头、旋转刀片式隔离开关及高压组合电器
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Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2611059A (en) * 1950-07-07 1952-09-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electric switch with permanentmagnet blowout field
US3064104A (en) * 1959-08-07 1962-11-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrical interlock
BE658851A (de) * 1958-10-14 1965-05-17
US3194918A (en) * 1963-10-04 1965-07-13 Anthony J Muscante Contactor for electric torpedoes
DE1199363B (de) * 1960-09-29 1965-08-26 Stotz Kontakt Gmbh Elektrisches Schaltgeraet mit Dauermagnet-Blaseinrichtung
FR2254871A1 (en) * 1973-12-13 1975-07-11 Merlin Gerin Circuit interrupter with arc suppression - uses gas-producing insulation and magnets to rotate arc

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DE612712C (de) * 1935-05-03 Sigwart Ruppel Dipl Ing Schalter mit Lichtbogenloeschung durch einen gefuehrten, aus Duesen austretenden Druckgasstrom
FR2076401A5 (de) * 1970-01-14 1971-10-15 Coq France
DE2930830C2 (de) * 1979-07-30 1983-06-16 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Unter Last trennender, mehrpoliger Hochspannungs-Drehschalter
GB8518382D0 (en) * 1985-07-20 1985-08-29 Y S Securities Ltd Circuit breaker
BR8503644A (pt) * 1985-08-01 1985-10-15 Lorenzetti Inebrase Sa Ferramenta portatil para abertura sob carga de circuitos eletricos

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2611059A (en) * 1950-07-07 1952-09-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electric switch with permanentmagnet blowout field
BE658851A (de) * 1958-10-14 1965-05-17
US3064104A (en) * 1959-08-07 1962-11-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrical interlock
DE1199363B (de) * 1960-09-29 1965-08-26 Stotz Kontakt Gmbh Elektrisches Schaltgeraet mit Dauermagnet-Blaseinrichtung
US3194918A (en) * 1963-10-04 1965-07-13 Anthony J Muscante Contactor for electric torpedoes
FR2254871A1 (en) * 1973-12-13 1975-07-11 Merlin Gerin Circuit interrupter with arc suppression - uses gas-producing insulation and magnets to rotate arc

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2668851A1 (fr) * 1990-11-06 1992-05-07 Merlin Gerin Interrupteur rotatif multipolaire.
EP0874380A1 (de) * 1997-04-25 1998-10-28 Soule Materiel Electrique Unterbrechungsvorrichtung für niedrige und Hochspannungstrom
FR2762710A1 (fr) * 1997-04-25 1998-10-30 Soule Materiel Electr Dispositif de coupure electrique pour basse et haute tension
FR2944911A1 (fr) * 2009-04-23 2010-10-29 Areva T & D Sa Interrupteur-sectionneur electrique rotatif de moyenne et haute tension a resistance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU47469B (sh) 1995-10-03
IN171165B (de) 1992-08-08
DE3879002T2 (de) 1993-09-16
AU1836388A (en) 1989-01-05
CN1016656B (zh) 1992-05-13
CN1034633A (zh) 1989-08-09
PT87840A (pt) 1989-05-31
PT87840B (pt) 1993-09-30
BR8803129A (pt) 1989-02-08
ATE86787T1 (de) 1993-03-15
JP2633305B2 (ja) 1997-07-23
TR23247A (tr) 1989-07-21
DK351188D0 (da) 1988-06-24
EP0296915B1 (de) 1993-03-10
AU596061B2 (en) 1990-04-12
US4803319A (en) 1989-02-07
ZA884375B (en) 1989-02-22
YU119688A (en) 1991-02-28
DK171506B1 (da) 1996-12-02
DE3879002D1 (de) 1993-04-15
NO173907B (no) 1993-11-08
ES2040364T3 (es) 1993-10-16
NO173907C (no) 1994-02-16
NO882747D0 (no) 1988-06-21
NO882747L (no) 1988-12-27
CA1314918C (en) 1993-03-23
FR2618251A1 (fr) 1989-01-20
FR2618251B1 (fr) 1989-11-17
DK351188A (da) 1988-12-26
JPS6419639A (en) 1989-01-23

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