EP0296653A1 - Mikrowellenofen mit einem Auftaufühler - Google Patents

Mikrowellenofen mit einem Auftaufühler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0296653A1
EP0296653A1 EP88201087A EP88201087A EP0296653A1 EP 0296653 A1 EP0296653 A1 EP 0296653A1 EP 88201087 A EP88201087 A EP 88201087A EP 88201087 A EP88201087 A EP 88201087A EP 0296653 A1 EP0296653 A1 EP 0296653A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
microwave oven
microwave
temperature
oven according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88201087A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0296653B1 (de
Inventor
Michel Société Civile S.P.I.D. Steers
Jean-Pierre Société Civile S.P.I.D. Hazan
Gilles Société Civile S.P.I.D. Delmas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Whirlpool France SAS
Whirlpool Europe BV
Original Assignee
Electronique & Physique
Whirlpool France SAS
Laboratoires dElectronique et de Physique Appliquee
Whirlpool Europe BV
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8707684A external-priority patent/FR2616211B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8714441A external-priority patent/FR2621985B1/fr
Application filed by Electronique & Physique, Whirlpool France SAS, Laboratoires dElectronique et de Physique Appliquee, Whirlpool Europe BV, Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV filed Critical Electronique & Physique
Publication of EP0296653A1 publication Critical patent/EP0296653A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0296653B1 publication Critical patent/EP0296653B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/66—Circuits
    • H05B6/666—Safety circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave oven comprising a microwave source and a sensor placed in the oven near a product to be treated, the sensor comprising a substance which absorbs microwave energy, the absorption of microwave energy by the sensor and by the product causing their temperature rise, the temperature of the sensor being measured by a measuring device.
  • Microwave ovens are now widely used to defrost and reheat food previously placed in a freezer. This defrosting is generally carried out by an empirical method: the user determines an approximate weight of the food to be defrosted and deduces therefrom an approximate time too during which his microwave oven must operate. It follows a more or less complete thawing, even a beginning of cooking.
  • water essential constituent of most foods, absorbs microwaves very differently, 2 45 GHz depending on whether its temperature is lower or higher than 0 ° C. Below 0 ° C the ice is very substantially transparent to microwaves, on the other hand for a temperature above 0 ° C water very strongly absorbs microwaves.
  • Document FR 2 571 830 describes a microwave oven provided with a standard load placed in the oven next to the food to be treated.
  • the standard load absorbs microwave energy according to a distribution taking place as a function of the loads constituted by the standard load and the load of the food to be treated.
  • the solution to this technical problem consists in that the sensor has means which make it possible to control its thermal exchanges with the ambient medium so that it can operate during several successive thawing treatments with, with each treatment, a detection sensitivity. end of thawing which is optimal and substantially constant.
  • the substance is isolated from the ambient medium by a thermal insulator transparent to microwaves in order to reduce the heat exchanges and to cause the temperature reached by the substance at the end of thawing to show substantially constant increases during several successive thawing treatments.
  • dT P.dt / mc
  • dT the temperature variation during the time difference dt for a mass m of a specific heat body c.
  • P is the microwave power available in the oven.
  • thermodynamic characteristics of a first charge are known, its temperature variation will be dependent on the presence and the thermodynamic state of the other charge.
  • the first load must have determined and stable thermodynamic parameters. It constitutes the sensor.
  • the substance of the defrosting sensor must have losses greater than the dielectric losses of the ice.
  • the substance can be a liquid such as water, oil or a solid solid or deposited on a support transparent to microwaves.
  • the support material can be chosen from the following materials: glass ceramic, alumina, glass.
  • the senor can on the contrary quickly resume its resting temperature when the temperature raising phase has been stopped in order to authorize its rapid reuse.
  • the sensor has a large heat exchange surface with the ambient medium and a low thickness in order to increase the heat exchanges and provide the sensor with low thermal inertia so that it quickly regains its initial characteristics after each thawing treatment.
  • the sensor may have a crenellated shape.
  • the temperature rise of the sensor will depend on the state of the product to be thawed. In particular if the product which by its nature contains a lot of water leaves the freezer at a temperature of around -20 ° C, it will only very slightly absorb microwaves. Therefore all the power available in the microwave will be used to raise the temperature of the sensor. As soon as the thawing process of the product is started, it will absorb more and more microwave power and consequently the temperature rise of the sensor will be slower. The slope of the temperature rise curve of the sensor as a function of time will therefore constantly decrease until all the ice present in the product to be thawed is completely transformed into water. Subsequently, in accordance with the calorimetric law of temperature rise in a microwave oven as a function of time, the temperature rise of the product will be a substantially linear function of time if the thermodynamic characteristics of the product do not vary.
  • the temperature variation measuring device delivers an electrical signal, the variations as a function of time are determined by a calculation and control device.
  • the detection sensitivity is practically constant when several thawing operations are carried out successively.
  • These variations are processed by the calculation and control device which compares said variations as a function of time at successive instants and intervenes to control the operating cycle of the microwave source when two successive values of said variations are sensed. so much equal.
  • the presence of the sensor eliminates the need for the oven energy change switch. It suffices to operate the oven at the start with a low repetition rate of waves and then measure the slope of the temperature rise curve of the sensor as a function of time. If this slope is decreasing the product present in the oven is frozen. If this slope is low the oven can automatically increase its microwave emission cycle because the product present in the oven is already thawed and is therefore only to be reheated.
  • the criterion for stopping the defrosting function must take into account the fact that if the product to be defrosted is essentially composed of ice, the slope of the curve of the variations of the temperature of the sensor as a function of time may be constant and therefore resemble that of an already thawed product. The distinction is then made by the value of this slope: - if it is substantially equal to that of the sensor alone, the product present in the oven is frozen, - if it is significantly lower the product in the oven is therefore thawed.
  • Figure 1a shows the variations in time temperature 10 of a sensor formed by a mass m1 of 100 grams of water and the temperature variations 11 of a product formed by a mass m2 of water both placed in a microwave oven, to temperatures above ambient temperature and this for a determined period, as a function of the mass m2.
  • the mass m2 increases the temperature rise of the two masses decreases.
  • the mass m1 of the sensor undergoes a rise in temperature greater than that undergone by the higher mass m2.
  • FIG. 1b represents the variations in temperature 12 of a mass of m1 + m2 grams of water.
  • the curve 13 is formed of the points obtained by calculating from equation 1 the elevation that a mass of m1 + m2 grams of water would undergo. We see that the two curves overlap. This makes it possible to demonstrate that the microwave energy dissipated in thermal form is distributed in the two loads to raise their temperature in a manner inversely proportional to their mass and their specific heat. The rise in temperature of the sensor will therefore make it possible to follow the rise in temperature of the product located nearby and in particular to follow the thawing steps.
  • FIG. 2a indicates the variations in temperature 21 as a function of time of a sensor formed of water during the thawing of a mass of 200 grams of ice.
  • the slope of the curve 21 is represented by the curve 22. It can be seen that at the start this slope has a high value which decreases first slowly then finally quickly enough to stabilize. This stabilization will be taken to decide on the end of defrosting and used by the calculation and control device.
  • the second derivative 25 presented here in the form of line segments, begins by increasing and then decreasing, in absolute value, during the thawing step. When this is finished, the second derivative has a low value. When this value becomes less than a value predetermined, the calculation and control device can intervene to position the oven for a new operation: cooking, slow reheating, off, etc.
  • Figure 2b shows a curve similar to that of Figure 2a.
  • the first and second derivatives are determined with a finer calculation step.
  • Curve 1 represents the temperature variation of the sensor.
  • Curve 2 represents the first derivative of curve 1.
  • Curve 3 represents the second derivative of curve 1. The zeros of the scales for curves 2 and 3 are indicated on the right.
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c represent three nonlimiting examples of embodiment of defrosting sensors 30.
  • FIG. 3a represents a substance 31 which can absorb microwaves, the substance being in contact with a member 32 for measuring its temperature.
  • a member 32 for measuring its temperature.
  • This can be formed by a thermocouple, a thermistor or any other temperature measuring element. It is connected to the outside by the connections 33.
  • the substance 31 can be liquid or solid. It is placed in a housing 34 or a container which thermally isolates it from the surrounding medium.
  • the liquid substance can be water, oil or any other liquid having sufficient dielectric losses to ensure usable heating of the sensor.
  • the solid substance can be a ferrite, a solid partially containing metal ions or any other solid having sufficient losses to ensure usable heating of the sensor.
  • the substance 31 is fixed to a substrate 35 which absorbs little or no microwave.
  • the substrate 35 and the substance 31 are thermally insulated by the insulator 34.
  • the latter can also constitute the housing.
  • substance 31 is deposited by screen printing. It can consist of an ink, for example a resistive ink intended for the production of circuits in thick layers.
  • the substrate is for example a glass-ceramic plate.
  • the thermal insulator 34 is chosen from the following substances: polystyrene, polyimide, epoxy, silicone, formaldehyde, polyisopropene, epoxy resin, or any thermally insulating plastic material which is transparent to microwaves.
  • the member for measuring temperature variations can be constituted by a shielded probe of a type known in the field of microwave ovens, the connections 33 of which are shown in FIG. 3b.
  • Resistive inks have almost a coefficient of variation with temperature sufficient to be used as a measuring device.
  • the sensor shown in Figure 3b is then very compact.
  • the connections 33 must be shielded in the part subjected to microwave energy. Inside the case 34 they can be formed using an ink with higher resistance than for substance 31.
  • the ink deposited makes it possible to produce an electrical resistance which varies with the temperature and thus constitutes at the same time the measuring member determining the temperature variations and the microwave absorbing medium.
  • FIG. 3c is shown a crenellated shape intended to increase the surface exposed by the substance 31 to its immediate environment. This applies to the solid substance or the liquid substance but via a good thermal conductor housing. The increased surface area allows rapid cooling of the substance when the microwave heating operation has been completed and the sensor 30 is to be reused quickly.
  • a different shape can be chosen to provide an exposure surface high.
  • FIG. 4a represents the temperature variations for an isolated sensor 61 and for a non-isolated sensor 62 during several successive thawing operations.
  • the first defrosting operation is carried out between times 0 and t3 and the second between times t4 and t5.
  • the first operation comprises several stages which are represented in FIG. 4a by line segments in order to facilitate their highlighting in FIG. 4a.
  • the curve represented by the segments 63, 64, 65, 66 corresponds to a thermally insulated sensor.
  • the corresponding curve is represented by the segments 63a, 64a, 65a, 66a corresponding to the same steps.
  • segment 66a indicates that the temperature of the sensor decreases when the defrosting step proper is completed.
  • the maximum temperatures reached appear at points A1 and B1 respectively.
  • the maximum temperatures reached appear in A2 and B2 respectively for the isolated sensor and the non-isolated sensor.
  • the temperature corresponding to point B2 is lower than that corresponding to point A2.
  • a first substantially rectilinear curve A represents the variations corresponding to the type A points of FIG. 4a.
  • the second curve B represents the variations for the type B points.
  • the curve B corresponds to a poorly isolated sensor.
  • This curve B has a curvature which indicates that the detection sensitivity will decrease when several successive thawing operations n are carried out.
  • Curve A corresponds to an isolated sensor and the asymptotic mechanism does not appear for a not too high number of thawing operations.
  • the sensitivity of detection of temperature variations, during thawing of the product is thus increased when the sensor is isolated for a reasonable number of successive thawing operations. This detection sensitivity thus remains substantially constant after several successive thawing operations.
  • FIG. 5a represents a microwave oven 40 provided with a defrosting sensor 30 according to the invention. It is placed next to the product to be defrosted 41.
  • a microwave source 42 emits microwaves which are picked up by the product 41 and the sensor 30.
  • the temperature measurement carried out on the sensor 30 is transmitted to a calculation device and control 43 which acts on the microwave source to modify its operation.
  • FIG. 5b shows another microwave oven in which the defrosting sensor 30 is separated from the temperature measurement member 32.
  • This consists of an infrared light radiation detector of the pyroelectric type. It thus remotely determines the temperature of the sensor 30.
  • the measurement is itself transmitted to the calculation and control device 43 which acts on the microwave source 42.
  • Figure 6 shows an electrical diagram for the implementation of the control of the operation of the microwave source from the measurements made by the sensor.
  • the electrical signals from the sensor 30 enter the calculation and control device 43.
  • it is formed by an A / D converter 51 connected to a microprocessor 52 which has a memory 53 and an operating clock 54.
  • the microprocessor 52 will carry out the determinations of slope variations of the electrical signal received and store the values in the memory 53.
  • the value at the instant t is compared with that determined at the instant t-1, and when the two successive values are substantially equal, the microprocessor intervenes on the supply 55 of the magnetron 56 which constitutes the microwave source.
  • An alarm 57 can warn of the progress of operations.
  • the operating mechanism is as follows.
  • the temperature of the sensor is converted into an electrical signal which is transformed into a digital signal via an analog-digital converter.
  • This signal is subsequently memorized by a RAM memory and processed by the microprocessor.
  • the processing consists, in the case of defrosting, of measuring the temperature at fixed time intervals and of comparing the different measurements with one another in order to determine a slope of the temperature rise curve of the sensor as a function of time and then in determining the evolution of said slope. For example, during a complete defrost, a measurement point can be taken every two seconds, and a measurement of the slope of the temperature rise can be made every 100 points by a method such as least squares method.
  • Such a measurement shows a variation in slope as a function of time, the characteristics of which can be as follows in the case of a body containing a lot of water. - At first, the load is frozen. The temperature rise of the sensor is rapid and follows a curve which would be that if the sensor were alone. In these conditions the slope measured by the method of least squares is substantially a straight line substantially parallel to the time axis. - Then the load begins to thaw. The temperature rise of the sensor is slower. The curve of the slope as a function of time then has a negative derivative.
  • the microwave oven is again ready for other defrosting operations with the same sensitivity for detecting temperature variations.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
EP88201087A 1987-06-02 1988-05-31 Mikrowellenofen mit einem Auftaufühler Expired - Lifetime EP0296653B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8707684 1987-06-02
FR8707684A FR2616211B1 (fr) 1987-06-02 1987-06-02 Four a micro-ondes muni d'un capteur de decongelation et capteur de decongelation
FR8714441A FR2621985B1 (fr) 1987-10-20 1987-10-20 Four a micro-ondes muni d'un capteur de decongelation et capteur de decongelation
FR8714441 1987-10-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0296653A1 true EP0296653A1 (de) 1988-12-28
EP0296653B1 EP0296653B1 (de) 1995-09-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88201087A Expired - Lifetime EP0296653B1 (de) 1987-06-02 1988-05-31 Mikrowellenofen mit einem Auftaufühler

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4871891A (de)
EP (1) EP0296653B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6450384A (de)
DE (1) DE3854452T2 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0360341A2 (de) * 1988-09-23 1990-03-28 Ire Industrie Riunite Eurodomestici S.R.L. Verfahren und Gerät zum Behandeln von eingefrorenen Lebensmitteln in einem Mikrowellenofen
FR2685772A1 (fr) * 1991-12-25 1993-07-02 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Dispositif detecteur d'energie micro-onde.

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1227210B (it) * 1988-09-23 1991-03-27 Eurodomestici Ind Riunite Metodo e dispositivo per rilevare lo scongelamento di un alimento in un forno a microonde
IT1237959B (it) * 1990-02-01 1993-06-19 Eurodomestici Ind Riunite Metodo e dispositivo per il rilevamento del peso di alimenti posti in un forno a microonde e per controllarne il trattamento
IT1238453B (it) * 1990-02-01 1993-08-18 Eurodomestici Ind Riunite Metodo e dispositivo per il rilevamento del peso di un alimento posto in un forno a microonde al fine di comandare la potenza di funzionamento del magnetron e controllare il trattamento dell'alimento stesso
US5237141A (en) * 1990-07-17 1993-08-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. High frequency heating apparatus and electromagnetic wave detector for use in high frequency heating apparatus
US5407641A (en) * 1990-10-25 1995-04-18 Helmut Katschnig Microwave apparatus, and container for use in a microwave apparatus
JP2638311B2 (ja) * 1991-01-10 1997-08-06 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 マイクロ波高電界中における加熱温度測定装置
FR2693268B1 (fr) * 1992-07-02 1994-09-30 Microondes Syst Sa Procédé et dispositif de contrôle du chauffage par micro-ondes d'un produit à une température et pendant un temps déterminés, support de marquage et récipient pour produit destiné à un tel contrôle.
KR0128675B1 (ko) * 1993-06-29 1998-04-09 김광호 전자렌지의 구동제어방법 및 장치
EP0673182B1 (de) * 1994-03-18 2000-03-29 Lg Electronics Inc. Verfahren zur automatischen Steuerung eines Mikrowellenofens
US5616268A (en) * 1994-07-07 1997-04-01 Microwave Medical Systems Microwave blood thawing with feedback control
SE523776C2 (sv) * 2003-07-07 2004-05-18 Real Food Sweden Ab Anordning för att åstadkomma temperaturstyrd uppvärmning av övervägande fasta livsmedel i en mikrovågsugn

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DE1123063B (de) * 1960-02-20 1962-02-01 Mikrowellen Ges M B H Deutsche Verfahren zur Mikrowellenerwaermung von Substanzen in geschlossenen, elektrisch nichtleitenden Behaeltern und Einrichtung zur Durchfuehrung dieses Verfahrens
US3663783A (en) * 1970-12-07 1972-05-16 Us Army Safety load and temperature control system for microwave ovens
US3875361A (en) * 1972-06-16 1975-04-01 Hitachi Ltd Microwave heating apparatus having automatic heating period control
US4037479A (en) * 1975-12-01 1977-07-26 Chemetron Corporation Method and apparatus for sensor assembly inspection
US4210795A (en) * 1978-11-30 1980-07-01 Litton Systems, Inc. System and method for regulating power output in a microwave oven
US4419889A (en) * 1981-03-27 1983-12-13 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Moisture sensitive device
FR2562662A1 (fr) * 1984-04-04 1985-10-11 Valeo Sonde thermique pour mesurer la temperature d'un produit chauffe dans un four micro-ondes

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SE311055B (de) * 1966-10-19 1969-05-27 P Hedvall
CA903518A (en) * 1969-08-29 1972-06-27 L. Lachambre Jean Ballistic joule meter
US3768059A (en) * 1972-05-15 1973-10-23 Barber Colman Co Ambient compensated solar sensor
US4038105A (en) * 1975-10-08 1977-07-26 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Radiation shields for aspirating pyrometers
US4341937A (en) * 1980-11-28 1982-07-27 General Electric Company Microwave oven cooking progress indicator
FR2571830B1 (fr) * 1984-10-12 1988-09-16 Esswein Sa Four a micro-ondes et procede et dispositif de determination de la charge en aliments d'un tel four

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1123063B (de) * 1960-02-20 1962-02-01 Mikrowellen Ges M B H Deutsche Verfahren zur Mikrowellenerwaermung von Substanzen in geschlossenen, elektrisch nichtleitenden Behaeltern und Einrichtung zur Durchfuehrung dieses Verfahrens
US3663783A (en) * 1970-12-07 1972-05-16 Us Army Safety load and temperature control system for microwave ovens
US3875361A (en) * 1972-06-16 1975-04-01 Hitachi Ltd Microwave heating apparatus having automatic heating period control
US4037479A (en) * 1975-12-01 1977-07-26 Chemetron Corporation Method and apparatus for sensor assembly inspection
US4210795A (en) * 1978-11-30 1980-07-01 Litton Systems, Inc. System and method for regulating power output in a microwave oven
US4419889A (en) * 1981-03-27 1983-12-13 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Moisture sensitive device
FR2562662A1 (fr) * 1984-04-04 1985-10-11 Valeo Sonde thermique pour mesurer la temperature d'un produit chauffe dans un four micro-ondes

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0360341A2 (de) * 1988-09-23 1990-03-28 Ire Industrie Riunite Eurodomestici S.R.L. Verfahren und Gerät zum Behandeln von eingefrorenen Lebensmitteln in einem Mikrowellenofen
EP0360341A3 (de) * 1988-09-23 1991-08-28 Ire Industrie Riunite Eurodomestici S.R.L. Verfahren und Gerät zum Behandeln von eingefrorenen Lebensmitteln in einem Mikrowellenofen
FR2685772A1 (fr) * 1991-12-25 1993-07-02 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Dispositif detecteur d'energie micro-onde.
NL9202189A (nl) * 1991-12-25 1993-07-16 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Microgolfvermogendetectieinrichting.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3854452D1 (de) 1995-10-19
US4871891A (en) 1989-10-03
DE3854452T2 (de) 1996-04-04
EP0296653B1 (de) 1995-09-13
JPS6450384A (en) 1989-02-27

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